RESUMO
Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of death in Cuba, yet the prevalence of novel risk factors is not known. To examine the prevalence of risk factors of traditional and novel cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) among an urban Cuban population, a cross-sectional pilot survey was undertaken in Havana city, Cuba. Ninety-seven adults aged 45-60 years registered to receive medical care at a policlinic. The prevalences of rates of CVD risk factors were: hypertension (≥140/90 mmHg) (53.6%), hypercholesterolaemia (total cholesterol >5.2 mmol/L) (47.0%), low high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (<1.03 mmol/L) (64.3%); diabetes (self-reported) (24.6%); metabolic syndrome (ATP III criteria) (58.2%); overweight and obesity (body mass index ≥25 kg/m2) (78.0%); current smoking (39.3%); elevated level of C-reactive protein (3 <value <10 mg/L) (32.1%), low lipid-standardized vitamin E levels (<5 μmol/mmol of total cholesterol) (69.6%); and high tHcy levels (>15 μmol/L) (11.1%). The total carotenoid status was independently associated with waist-circumference and risk of diabetes and metabolic syndrome. In this small unrepresentative sample of people aged 40-65 years from Havana city, there was a high prevalence of traditional and novel CVD risk factors. The total serum carotenoid status appeared to be associated with an increased prevalence of CVD risk factors.
RESUMO
Objetivo: hacer una breve historia de la formación de recursos humanos en alimentación y nutrición, y describir cómo se ha comportado la formación de recursos humanos en el instituto, así como algunos elementos que la caracterizan, enfatizando en el proceso de formación del Maestro en Ciencias en Nutrición en Salud Pública. Métodos: se realizó una revisión del diseño curricular de la maestría y otras maneras de formación de recursos humanos, haciéndose una descripción de los resultados alcanzados hasta el presente. Resultados: se dan a conocer los elementos del diseño curricular que constituyen la Maestría de Nutrición en Salud Pública, el número de versiones (12) desde su creación en el año 1993, la matrícula (menos de 20 profesionales por año académico como promedio, con un incremento en las 2 últimas versiones que se cursan en la actualidad) y el número de graduados (138). Conclusiones: la Maestría de Nutrición en Salud Pública cumple con los requisitos pedagógicos y de salud pública para la correspondiente atención a los desórdenes o trastornos relacionados con la alimentación y dietas inadecuadas. Las evaluaciones y los rediseños de nuevas propuestas obedecen básicamente al logro de la prevención de la salud utilizando diversas estrategias, entre las que se puede citar la educación alimentaria y nutricional.
Aim: to make a brief account of the training of human resources in feeding and nutrition, and to describe the behaviour of the training of human resources in the Institute, as well as of some characteristic elements, making emphasis on the training process of the Master of Public Health in Nutrition. Methods: a review of the curricular design of the Master Degree and of other ways of training human resources was made, describing the results attained up to now. Results: the elements of the curricular design included in the Master Degree of Public Health in Nutrition are made known, as well as the number of versions (12) since its creation in 1993, the enrolment (less than 20 professionals by academic year as an average, with an increase in the two last versions conducted at present), and the number of graduates (138). Conclusions: the Master Degree of Public Health in Nutrition fulfils the pedagogic and public health criteria necessary to give attention to the disorders related to feeding and to inadequate diets. The evaluations and redesigns of the new proposals are basically the result of the achievement of health prevention by using different strategies, including food and nutritional education.