Criteria for selection and classification of studies in medical events

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of study methodology and evaluation type on the selection of studies during the presentation of scientific events. METHODS: A prospective, observational, transversal approach was applied to a cohort of studies that were submitted for presentation at the 2021 Brazilian Breast Cancer Symposium. Three forms of criteria (CR) were presented. CR1 was based on six criteria (method, ethics, design, originality, promotion, and social contribution); CR2 graded the studies from 0 to 10 for each study, and CR3 was based on five criteria (presentation, method, originality, scientific knowledge, and social contribution). To evaluate the item correlation, Cronbach's alpha and factorial analysis were performed. For the evaluation of differences between the tests, we used the Kruskal-Wallis and post-hoc Dunn tests. To determine the differences in the study classifications, we used the Friedman test and Namenyi's all-pairs comparisons. RESULTS: A total of 122 studies were evaluated. There was also a good correlation with the items concerning criterion 1 (α=0.730) and 3 (α=0.937). Evaluating CR1 methodology, study design and social contribution (p=0.741) represents the main factor and CR3 methodology, and the scientific contribution (p=0.994) represents the main factor. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed differences in the results (p<0.001) for all the criteria that were used [CR1-CR2 (p<0.001), CR1-CR3 (p<0.001), and CR2-CR3 (p=0.004)]. The Friedman test showed differences in the ranking of the studies (p<0.001) for all studies (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Methodologies that use multiple criteria show good correlation and should be taken into account when ranking the best studies.

Natural history of ductal carcinoma in situ / História natural do carcinoma ductal in situ

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) has been detected more frequently in the last decades using the mammographic screening. The objective of the present study was to review the epidemiological aspects of DCIS. A bibliographic narrative review was carried out focusing on the following aspects: the epidemiology of DCIS to discuss subtypes; natural history; screening; and survival. It was possible to verify that the DCIS is currently considered a precursor lesion of breast cancer, presenting a considerable and uneven increased incidence between developed and developing countries, probably due to the inclusion of mammographic screening programs. There are controversies regarding the benefit or not of its detection, diagnosis, treatment and survival of patients with DCIS. It is concluded that the considerable increase in the incidence of DCIS raises an important discussion about the real need for its diagnosis as well as its real biological significance

carcinoma ductal in situ (CDIS) tem sido detectado com maior frequência nas últimas décadas a partir do rastreamento mamográfico. O objetivo do presente estudo foi revisar os aspectos epidemiológicos do CDIS. Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica narrativa enfocando os aspectos do CDIS: epidemiologia, para discussão a respeito dos subtipos; história natural; rastreamento; e sobrevida. Foi possível verificar que o CDIS é atualmente considerado como uma lesão precursora do câncer de mama e apresenta aumento considerável e desigual em sua incidência entre países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento, devido, provavelmente, à inclusão dos programas de rastreamento mamográfico. Há controversas quanto ao benefício ou não da detecção, do diagnóstico, do tratamento e da sobrevida de pacientes que apresentam o CDIS. Conclui-se que o aumento considerável da incidência do CDIS levanta importante discussão sobre a necessidade real de seu diagnóstico, bem como do seu real significado biológico

Nódulo de mama como primeira manifestação de lipossarcoma mixóide metastático: relato de caso / Breast mass as first clinical manifestation of metastatic liposarcoma myxoid:case report

Os autores descrevem o relato do caso de uma paciente de 37 anos, do sexo feminino que apresentou, como primeira manifestação de um lipossarcoma metastático, a presença de nódulo de mama direita, localizado em quadrante supero lateral, palpável, fibroelástico, móvel e indolor de cerca de 3 cm. A avaliação através de exames de imagem (Ultrassonografia mamaria E – USG e mamografia e core biopsy) revelou nódulo de mama com características benignas e histologia compatível com fibroadenoma. Foi indicada a remoção cirúrgica do nódulo por desejo da paciente Como antecedente, a paciente apresentava tratamento cirúrgico com exerese de lipossarcoma mixóide intramuscular de coxa esquerda grau histológico 2 – pT2 pNx – associada a radioterapia. O achado anatomopatológico definitivo demonstrou que o nódulo de mama se tratava de um lipossarcoma mixóide de 3,8 cm com índice mitótico de 4/10 CGA cujo perfil imunohistoquímico com pesquisa de citoqueratinas AE1/AE3, proteína S100, CD34, receptores de estrogênio e progesterona e Ki 67 confirmou a histologia. Posteriormente, com estes achados, procedeu-se ao estadiamento completo com cintilografia óssea, tomografias computadorizadas de abdome, tôrax e Sistema Nervoso Central (SNC) que revelaram doençca plurimetastática. A glândula mamária pode ser sede de metástases de inúmeras neoplasias imaturas e propomos-nos a descrever a ocorrencia de um lipossarcoma mixoide metastático de coxa com sua apresentação clinica inicial mimetizando um nódulo benigno de mama.

The authors describe a female’s patient case report who presented, as first clinical presentation of metastatic myxoid liposarcoma, the presence of breast mass. We describe a case report of a 37 years old female patient who presented, as unique clinical manifestation, a right breast mass of 3.8 cm, palpable, fibroelastic, mobile and painless. The screening exams (breast ultrasound, mammograms, fine needle aspiration) revealed a benign breast mass (birads 2) and we performed a lumpectomy required by the patient. As medical records, the patient presented a surgical treatment for intramuscular left thigh’s myxoid liposarcoma, histologic grade 2 – pT2pNx – plus local radiation. The final pathology analysis, after surgery, revealed that the breast mass was a metastatic myxoid liposarcoma, 3,8 cm of diameter, mitotic index 4/10 with immunohistochemical profile (CK AE!/AE3, S100 protein, estrogen and progesterone receptors and Ki 67) compatible with this diagnosis. With these findings, we made a complete screening (abdomen, thorax and CNS CT-scan, bone scintigraphy) that revealed extensive metastatic disease. The mammary glands can be primary site of various metastatic diseases, so we describe the occurrence of breast mass as first manifestation of metastatic thigh’s myxoid liposarcoma.

Citorredução de intervalo no carcinoma avançado do ovário: experiência da Santa Casa de São Paulo / Interval cytoreduction in advanced ovarian cancer: Santa Casa São Paulo experience

OBJETIVO: Analisar a citorredução de intervalo em pacientes com carcinoma avançado do ovário. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo com 25 pacientes portadoras de carcinoma avançado do ovário (IIIC ou IV) submetidas à citorredução de intervalo. Os critérios de irresecabilidade foram baseados nos do Instituto Gustave-Rousy. Após quimioterapia de indução e reabordagem avaliamos as taxas de cirurgia ótima e a morbi-mortalidade do procedimento além da sobrevida global em dois anos. RESULTADOS: Foi possível citorreduçao ótima em 17 pacientes (68 por cento) com morbidade de 8 por cento e mortalidade de 4 por cento. A sobrevida global em dois anos foi de 68 por cento. CONCLUSÃO: A citorredução de intervalo constitui alternativa terapêutica no carcinoma avançado do ovário possibilitando oportunidade de citoredução ótima a pacientes outrora portadoras de doença irressecável, com morbi-mortalidade aceitável.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the interval cytoreduction in patients with advanced ovarian cancer. METHODS: A prospective study was carried out with 25 patients with advanced ovarian cancer (stages IIIC or IV) who underwent interval cytoreduction. Nonresectability criteria were based on the ones from Gustave-Rousy Institute. After induction chemotherapy and rapprochement we evaluated the rates of optimal surgery and the morbidity and mortality of the procedure in addition to the overall survival at two years. RESULTS: optimal cytoreduction was possible in 17 patients (68 percent) with morbidity and mortality from 8 percent to 4 percent. The overall survival at two years was 68 percent. CONCLUSION: The interval cytoreduction is an alternative therapy in advanced ovarian cancer, allowing optimal cytoreduction opportunity to patients suffering from unresectable disease, with acceptable morbidity and mortality.

Cox-2 e sua associação com fatores prognósticos e resposta à quimioterapia primária em pacientes com câncer de mama / Cox-2 and its association with prognostic factors and response to primary chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer

OBJETIVO: Avaliar em pacientes com câncer de mama a expressão imunoistoquímica da cox-2 antes da quimioterapia primária com 5-fluorouracil, epirrubicina e ciclofosfamida (FEC) e a associação desta com tamanho inicial do tumor, estado linfonodal, receptores hormonais, expressão da Her-2 e com a resposta clínica e anatomopatológica. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo com 41 mulheres portadoras do diagnóstico histopatológico de carcinoma ductal de mama. Foram submetidas à quimioterapia primária com esquema FEC (5-fluorouracil, epirrubicina e ciclofosfamida) na dosagem de 500mg/m2, 75mg/m2 e 500 mg/m2, respectivamente. Os critérios de inclusão foram intervalo etário entre 30 e 70 anos, estadiamento II a IIIA, após comprovação da ausência de metástase, tumor primário de mama, único e unilateral, tipo histológico ductal invasivo e ausência de cardiopatia e gestação. Para avaliação da expressão da proteína Her 2 neuutilizaram-se anticorpos monoclonais de coelho. Para visibilizar a expressão da proteína cox-2 utilizaram-se anticorpos policlonais obtidos do soro de cabras. A avaliação da resposta clínica ao tratamento foi realizada por exame físico mensurando-se o maior eixo tumoral por paquímetro. As medidas foram realizadas à admissão e após os ciclos de quimioterapia primária. Após três sessões quimioterápicas com intervalos de 21 dias realizou-se o procedimento cirúrgico. Adotaram-se os critérios do RECIST. Após a operação foi avaliada a resposta anatomopatológica local, sendo considerada completa quando da ausência de neoplasia invasiva e do componente in situ. Na avaliação imumoistoquímica para os receptores de estrogênio utilizaram-se estrogen receptor NCL-ER6F11 e para progesterona, progesterone receptor, NCL-PGR-312 considerando positiva quando da coloração em 10 por cento ou mais das células tumorais. RESULTADOS: A distribuição segundo estadiamento clínico UICC verificaram-se seis no estádio IIA (14,6 por cento), 22 no estádio IIB (53,6 por cento) e 13 estádio IIIA (31,8 por cento). A avaliação clínica inicial do maior eixo tumoral variou de 2,5 a 15 cm e mediana de 5 cm. Foram identificadas 14 pacientes (34,1 por cento) com estado linfonodal negativo e 27 positivo (65,9 por cento). Observou-se que 19 (46,3 por cento) apresentavam-se no menacme e 22 (53,6 por cento) na menopausa. CONCLUSÃO: Houve associação da expressão da cox-2 à fatores de pior prognóstico no câncer de mama como estado linfonodal positivo, receptores hormonais negativos e expressão da Her-2.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of cox-2 before primary chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil, epirubicin and cyclophosphamide (FEC) and its association with initial tumor size, lymph node status, hormone receptors, expression of HER2 and the clinical and pathological response in patients with breast cancer. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study with 41 women with histopathological diagnosis of ductal breast carcinoma. They underwent primary chemotherapy with FEC regimen (5-fluorouracil, epirubicin and cyclophosphamide) at 500mg/m2, 75mg/m2 and 500 mg/m2, respectively. Inclusion criteria were age range between 30 and 70 years, stage II to IIIA, absence of metastasis, primary tumor of the breast, single, unilateral, with ductal invasion at histology and absence of heart disease and pregnancy. To evaluate the expression of HER2/neu protein we used rabbit monoclonal antibodies. To visualize the expression of cox-2 protein we used polyclonal antibodies obtained from goats' serum. The evaluation of clinical response to treatment was performed during physical examination by measuring the major tumor axis with a pachymeter. Measurements were taken at admission and after primary chemotherapy cycles. After three chemotherapy sessions at intervals of 21 days the surgical procedure was carried out. We adopted the criteria of RECIST. After the operation we evaluated the local pathological response, which was considered complete when there was absence of invasive neoplasia and of the in situ component. In immunohistochemical assessing of estrogen receptors we used estrogen receptor NCL-ER6F11 and, for progesterone, progesterone receptor NCL-PGR-312, considering positive the staining of 10 percent or more tumor cells. RESULTS: The distribution according to UICC clinical stage classified six patients in stage IIA (14.6 percent), 22 in stage IIB (53.6 percent) and 13 stage IIIA (31.8 percent). The initial clinical evaluation of the major tumor axis ranged from 2.5 to 15 cm and a median of 5 cm. We identified 14 patients (34.1 percent) with negative lymph node status, and 27 positive (65.9 percent). It was observed that 19 (46.3 percent) were in premenopause and 22 (53.6 percent) in menopause. CONCLUSION: There was an association of the expression of Cox-2 to the factors associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer, such as positive lymph node status, negative hormone receptors and HER2 expression.

Depressive disorder: subdiagnosis in woman with gynecological neoplasms

Introduction: The cancer is one of the main causes of mortality in Brazil. In this ontext it has been noticed that the information about cancer diagnosis is a common medical practice which could imply in psychological, physical and interpersonal changes. Approximately 30 percent of the patients with cancer develop widespread apprehension, depression and mental disorder in the first year after the diagnosis. Therefore, it is important that the health professional has to be able to recognize these alterations and to conduct them better on the moment of diagnosis and the therapeutic options discuss. Objective: To evaluate female genital neoplasms diagnosis’ impact in life of patients and their families. Casuistic and methods: Women with confirmed female genital neoplasms are submitted to a questionnaire to evaluate sociodemografics characters, impressions in the diagnosis’ moment, health conditions, quality of life and depressive symptoms. Results: The serene feeling in the moment of diagnosis is requent in the major than 50 year old women (p=0002). The knowledge about their own illness is higher as higher is patient’s school age (p=0013). A half of patients present depressive symptoms. There is no difference between the presence of symptoms and the time of diagnosis (p=0781), age (p=0711) and school age (p=0145). The more frequently doubts referred by patients are about disease’s cure and its recurrence. Conclusions: The results suggest that women with female genital neoplasms are frequently committed by doubts and depressive symptoms that are rarely identified without appropriate instruments of evaluation. The health professional has to pay attention to the psychosocial aspect related directly with quality of life.

Bacteremia induzida pelo trabalho de parto: cabe a profilaxia da endocardite infecciosa? / Bacteremia induced by labor: is prophylaxis for infective endocarditis necessary?

PURPOSE--To characterize the occurrence of bacteremia during delivery and to verify the necessity of prophylaxis against infective endocarditis. METHODS--The authors collected hemoculture of 100 women, 15,30 and 45 minutes after delivery. The data were collected from May 1992 until May 1993. The positive hemocultures were followed by antibiogram. RESULTS--Seven hemocultures were positive: six for Staphylococcus, one for Candida sp, Penicilium sp, Clandosporum sp and Aspergillus sp that were found in association. Four patients had prematures amniorrhexis, longer than 6 hours before delivery (p < 0.05). Six patients had labor longer than 6 hours after admission (p < 0.05). The authors did not observe differences related to vaginal delivery with or without forceps or cesarean section. The samples were all sensible to cefalotin at the antibiogram. CONCLUSION--Labor and delivery is a high risk procedure for bacteremia and so for ineffective endocarditis in susceptible patients. The statistical analysis recognize as risk factors labor longer than 6 hours inside the hospital and premature amniorrhexis. We propose the use of intravenous cefalotin 1g 60 minutes before expulsion and repeated 6 and 12 hours later