Antifungal susceptibility profile of Candida clinical isolates from 22 hospitals of São Paulo State, Brazil

This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of cryptic Candida species from candidemia cases in 22 public hospitals in São Paulo State, Brazil, and their antifungal susceptibility profiles. During 2017 and 2018, 144 isolates were molecularly identified as 14 species; C. parapsilosis (32.6%), C. albicans (27.7%), C. tropicalis (14.6%), C. glabrata (9.7%), C. krusei (2.8%), C. orthopsilosis (2.8%), C. haemulonii var. vulnera (2.1%), C. haemulonii (1.4%), C. metapsilosis (1.4%), C. dubliniensis (1.4%), C. guilliermondii (1.4%), C. duobushaemulonii (0.7%), C. kefyr (0.7%), and C. pelliculosa (0.7%). Poor susceptibility to fluconazole was identified in 6.4% of C. parapsilosis isolates (0.12 to >64 µg/mL), 50% of C. guilliermondii (64 µg/mL), 66.6% of C. haemulonii var. vulnera (16-32 µg/mL), and C. duobushaemulonii strain (MIC 64 µg/mL). Our results corroborated the emergence of C. glabrata in Brazilian cases of candidemia as previously reported. Importantly, we observed a large proportion of non-wild type C. glabrata isolates to voriconazole (28.6%; <0.015 to 4 µg/mL) all of which were also resistant to fluconazole (28.6%). Of note, C. haemulonii, a multidrug resistant species, has emerged in the Southeast region of Brazil. Our findings suggested a possible epidemiologic change in the region with an increase in fluconazole-resistant species causing candidemia. We stress the relevance of routine accurate identification to properly manage therapy and monitor epidemiologic trends.

An epidemiological study on the prevalence of dental caries and treatment need in 12-15 year old children in Bhiwandi (Maharashtra).

An epidemiological survey of the prevalence of dental caries and treatment need in the powerloom township of Bhiwandi revealed a prevalence level of 56.93%. The overall mean DMFT score was 1.25 +/- 1.34. Decayed teeth accounted for the largest component of the reported DMF teeth followed by an almost equal proportion of missing and filled teeth. Single surface restorations were the most frequent type of treatment required, followed by the two or more surface restorations, extractions and pulp therapy.

Prevalence of dental caries and treatment need in 12-15 year old municipal school children of Mumbai.

This epidemiological survey attempted to establish the level of dental caries and treatment need among the municipal school children of Mumbai. The prevalence of dental caries was 68.02% which increased with age. The lowest DMFT score was recorded in the 12 year age group while the highest DMFT Score was recorded in 15 year age group. Decayed teeth accounted for the greatest percentage of DMF teeth followed by the missing and filled components in all the age groups. Single surface restorations accounted for the greatest percentage of treatment need followed by two or more surface restorations and extractions.