Comparison between PSA density, free PSA percentage and PSA density in the transition zone in the detection of prostate cancer in patients with serum PSA between 4 and 10 ng/ml

OBJECTIVE: Compare the capacity of the PSA density (PSAD), Free PSA percentage ( percentFPSA) and PSA transition zone density (PSATZ) in improving the sensitivity and specificity of the PSA to detect prostate cancer (PCa) in men with a PSA between 4 and 10 ng/mL. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and forty five men with PSA between 4 and 10 ng/mL were prospectively studied. Blood collection for the total PSA and free PSA was performed as well as transrectal ultra-sound with prostate biopsy and measurement of the total prostate volume (TPV) and transition zone volume (TZV). Patients with initial negative biopsy were followed and the prostate biopsy was repeated in those that presented PSA increase. The capacity of the PSAD, percentFPSA and PSADTZ in improving the sensitivity and specificity pf the PSA test to the detection of the PCa was assessed by univariate and multivariate analyses and through the ROC curve. RESULTS: Of the 145 patients, 38 (26.2 percent) had PCa and in 107 (73.8 percent) a benign prostate disease was diagnosed. No difference among the PSAD, percentFPSA and PSADTZ was found. The multivariate analysis showed that the PSADTZ, percentFPSA, TZV and age were those more powerful and highly significant PCa predictors. CONCLUSION:The determination of percentFPSA and PSAD can allow a better discrimination between PCa and benign disease that the isolated use of PSA. The combination of PSADTZ, percentFPSA, TZV and age promote a high accuracy for PCa detection.

Variables predictive of voiding disfunction following aponeurotic sling surgery: multivariate analysis

INTRODUCTION: Aponeurotic sling surgeries can evolve with obstruction or voiding dysfunction in 5 to 20 percent of patients. There are few studies on factors that could possibly predispose to voiding difficulties or urinary retention. The objective of this work is to identify these potential clinical or urodynamic factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Records from 130 patients who underwent aponeurotic sling surgeries were reviewed. All patients underwent a throughout urodynamic study during pre-operative investigation. The variables studied were age above 65 years, previous pelvic surgeries, concomitant surgeries, post-voiding residue higher than 100 mL, vesical obstruction (according to Blaivas-Groutz nomogram) and urinary flow under 12 mL/s. Post-voiding residue was assessed on the seventh post-operative day through vesical catheterization. Recovering of spontaneous voiding after 7 post-operative days or with a residue higher than 100 mL, was regarded as voiding dysfunction. Univariate analysis was performed with qui-square test and Fisher's exact test, and multivariate analysis was performed by logistic regression with alpha = 5 percent. RESULTS: Age in the studied group ranged from 41 to 83 years (mean 56.7 years), with 69 (53 percent) patients having urethral hypermobility and 61 (47 percent) having intrinsic urethral lesion. Normal voiding occurred in 97 (75.6 percent) women with 7 post-operative days. The only significant variable in the univariate (p = 0.014) and multivariate (p = 0.017) analysis was post-voiding residue higher than 100 mL. CONCLUSION: Pre-operative presence of a post-voiding residual urine higher than 100 mL was the only variable predictive of voiding dysfunction.

Use of cadaveric fascia lata to correct grade IV cystocele

We describe a modification of the cadaveric prolapse repair and sling - CaPS technique that uses the sling surgery principles to correct grade IV cystocele. In this modification, the central and paravaginal defects reconstitution are performed using cadaveric fascia lata fixed over rectus abdominis muscle, eliminating the need of pubic fixation by screws, as proposed by the original technique. The modification described, besides presenting the benefits of CaPS, i.e., not using impaired tissues to reconstruct vesical support, and lower risks of perineal hypercorrection, also reduces the probability of complications of bone fixation