Development and validation of predictive model for long-term hospitalization, readmission, and in-hospital death of patients over 60 years old

ABSTRACT Objective To develop and validate a high-risk predictive model that identifies, at least, one common adverse event in older population: early readmission (up to 30 days after discharge), long hospital stays (10 days or more) or in-hospital deaths. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study including patients aged 60 years or older (n=340) admitted at a 630-beds tertiary hospital, located in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. A predictive model of high-risk indication was developed by analyzing logistical regression models. This model prognostic capacity was assessed by measuring accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve with 95% confidence intervals were also obtained to assess the discriminatory power of the model. Internal validation of the prognostic model was performed in a separate sample (n=168). Results Statistically significant predictors were identified, such as current Barthel Index, number of medications in use, presence of diabetes mellitus, difficulty chewing or swallowing, extensive surgery, and dementia. The study observed discrimination model acceptance in the construction sample 0.77 (95% confidence interval: 0.71-0.83) and good calibration. The characteristics of the validation samples were similar, and the receiver operating characteristic curve area was 0.687 (95% confidence interval: 0.598-0.776). We could assess an older patient's adverse health events during hospitalization after admission. Conclusion A predictive model with acceptable discrimination was obtained, with satisfactory results for early readmission (30 days), long hospital stays (10 days), or in-hospital death.

Free acquisition of psychotropic drugs by the Brazilian adult population and presence on the National List of Essential Medicines

Abstract The aims of the present study were to estimate the free-of-charge acquisition of psychotropic drugs among Brazilian adults; analyze the distribution of psychotropics according to their presence on the Relação Nacional de Medicamentos Essenciais (RENAME [National List of Essential Medicines]) and acquisition according to the source of funding (free of charge or direct payment); and estimate the proportion of free-of-charge psychotropic drugs according to therapeutic class and presence on the RENAME. This study involved the analysis of data from the 2014 National Survey on the Accessibility, Use and Promotion of the Rational Use of Medicines considering psychotropic drugs used by the adult population (≥20 years; n = 32,348). The prevalence of the acquisition of free-of-charge psychotropic drugs was 53.3% and 64.6% of these drugs were on the RENAME. Among the psychotropic drugs acquired by direct payment, 70.8% were not on the national list. Regarding free-of-charge acquisition according to the therapeutic class and presence on the RENAME, differences were found for antidepressants, anxiolytics and antipsychotics (p <0.05). In conclusion, the most used psychotropic medicines were listed in the RENAME, but free-of-charge acquisition was not provided for all of them

Uso e fontes de obtenção de psicotrópicos em adultos e idosos brasileiros / Use and sources of psychotropic drugs by Brazilian adults and seniors

Resumo O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar a prevalência do uso de psicotrópicos nos adultos e idosos e os fatores associados, classes terapêuticas de medicamentos e fontes de obtenção. Foram analisados dados da Pesquisa Nacional sobre o Acesso, Utilização e Promoção do Uso Racional de Medicamentos no Brasil (PNAUM/2013-2014). A prevalência do uso de ao menos um psicotrópico para o conjunto de adultos brasileiros foi de 8,7%. Nas análises ajustadas para adultos e idosos, observaram-se associações positivas entre uso de psicotrópicos e sexo feminino, pior autoavaliação de saúde e presença de doenças crônicas (p < 0,05). As classes terapêuticas mais utilizadas foram os antidepressivos (55,3%) por adultos e os ansiolíticos (59,3%) por idosos. Cerca de 23,0% dos psicotrópicos foram obtidos exclusivamente nas farmácias do SUS e os outros 77,0% por outras fontes. Os resultados mostraram baixa proporção de obtenção dos psicotrópicos no SUS e a necessidade de políticas que incentivem a prescrição e tratamentos com mais racionalidade, promovendo melhor qualidade de vida e garantia do direito à saúde a população.

Abstract The aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of psychotropic drug utilization among adults and seniors and determine associated factors, therapeutic classes and sources of acquisition. Data from the Brazilian National Survey on Access, Use and Promotion of the Rational Use of Medicines (2013-2014) were analyzed. The prevalence of use of at least one psychotropic drug in the overall sample (adults and seniors) was 8.7%. In the adjusted analyses, positive associations were found between the use of psychotropic drugs and the female sex, poorer self-rated health and chronic diseases (p < 0.05). The most frequently used therapeutic classes were antidepressants (55.3%) by the adults and anxiolytics (59.3%) by the seniors. Approximately 23.0% of psychotropic drugs were obtained exclusively from pharmacies of the public healthcare system and 77.0% were acquired from other sources. The findings reveal a low proportion of attaining psychotropic drugs through the Brazilian public healthcare system as well as the need for public policies that encourage the rational use of prescriptions and treatments to promote a better quality of life and ensure the population's right to health.

Uso de Práticas Integrativas e Complementares por idosos: Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde 2013 / Use of Integrative and Complementary Practices by the elderly: National Health Survey 2013

RESUMO O estudo teve por objetivo estimar a prevalência da realização de Práticas Integrativas e Complementares (PIC) e sua relação com doenças crônicas em idosos brasileiros. Estudo transversal de base populacional realizado com dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS/2013; n=23.815). Estimaram-se a prevalência de realização de PIC e as frequências relativas das práticas referidas. Realizaram-se comparações entre proporções pelo teste de Rao-Scott com nível de significância de 5% e estimaram-se razões de prevalência para o uso das práticas integrativas e complementares, segundo doenças crônicas. O uso das PIC foi referido por 5,4% (IC95%:4,9-6,0) dos idosos. Entre estes, 62,6% relataram uso de plantas medicinais/fitoterapia; 22,2%, acupuntura; e 11,2%, homeopatia. Somente 6,7% realizaram o tratamento no SUS. Observou-se maior realização das práticas pelas mulheres e para todos os tratamentos considerados (p<0,001); naqueles com colesterol alto, artrite ou reumatismo, problema de coluna e depressão (p<0,05). Os resultados dimensionam o uso das PIC com dados de abrangência nacional, apontando para sua utilização no tratamento das diversas condições de saúde que acometem principalmente os idosos.

ABSTRACT The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of carrying out Integrative and Complementary Practices (PIC) and their relationship with chronic diseases in elderly Brazilians. Cross-sectional population-based study conducted with data from the National Health Survey (PNS/2013; n=23,815). The prevalence of carrying out PIC and the relative frequencies of the referred practices were estimated. Comparisons were made between proportions using the Rao-Scott test with a 5% significance level and prevalence ratios were estimated for the use of PIC, according to chronic diseases. The use of PIC was mentioned by 5.4% (IC95%: 4.9-6.0) of the elderly. Among these, 62.6% reported the use of medicinal plants/phytotherapy; 22.2%, acupuncture; and 11.2%, homeopathy. Only 6.7% underwent treatment at Unified Health System (SUS). There was a greater performance of practices by women and for all treatments considered (p <0.001); in those with high cholesterol, arthritis or rheumatism, spinal problems and depression (p <0.05). The results measure the use of integrative and complementary practices with national data, pointing to their use in the treatment of the various health conditions that mainly affect the elderly.

Avaliação da implantação do Eixo Estrutura do Programa Nacional de Qualificação da Assistência Farmacêutica no SUS / Evaluation of the implementation of the Axis Structure of the National Pharmaceutical Assistance Qualification Program in the SUS

RESUMO Neste estudo, analisa-se a implantação do Eixo Estrutura do Programa Nacional de Qualificação da Assistência Farmacêutica em 316 municípios. Foi realizada uma avaliação normativa das dimensões estrutura física/recursos humanos e processo e análise de aspectos do contexto organizacional. Os municípios apresentaram, em sua maioria, grau de implantação insatisfatório (44%) ou crítico (21%). Observou-se influência do contexto organizacional no grau de implantação. Destacam-se, também, a cooperação entre os gestores do Sistema Único de Saúde na implantação do Eixo Estrutura e dificuldades na realização do diagnóstico para identificação das necessidades de estruturação da Assistência Farmacêutica.

ABSTRACT In this study, we analyze the implementation of the Axis Structure of the National Pharmaceutical Assistance Qualification Program in 316 municipalities. It was performed a normative assessment of the physical structure dimensions / human resources and process and analysis of aspects of the organizational context. The municipalities presented, mostly, unsatisfactory (44%) or critical (21%) level of implementation. It was noticed some influence of the organizational context on the degree of implementation. Noteworthy are also cooperation between the Unified Health System (SUS) managers in the implementation of the Axis Structure, as well as the difficulties in diagnosis to identify the structuring needs of Pharmaceutical Care.