Viúvas idosas: O que muda após a morte do marido doente? / Elderly widows: What changes after the death of a sick husband?

A temática deste trabalho incide sobre as estratégias que podem ser previstas, a fim de minimizar os efeitos negativos trazidos a um cuidador familiar principal, e ainda sem orientação, devido aos cuidados que um parente dependente demandará, durante um longo tempo de dedicação exclusiva a ele. Trata-se de um estudo do tipo longitudinal, descritivo, observando-se aspectos qualitativos sustentados pelos empíricos, com uma revisão bibliográfica a respeito da temática, cuja discussão buscou-se encaminhar em abordagem interdisciplinar. No presente caso, objetiva-se interpretar os dados obtidos de idosas viúvas que, após cuidados ao longo do tempo, intensivos e focados no marido acometido por um Acidente Vascular Encefálico (AVE), manifestam elas, além do sofrimento pela perda de alguém tão próximo, comprometimentos no domínio físico, das relações sociais, além daqueles com o meio ambiente. Contar com o Programa Saúde da Família (PSF), bem como de uma rede social (familiares, vizinhos, amigos) pode ser uma via eficiente para o desafio de esposas manterem sua resiliência nos cuidados específicos ao outro e, a um só tempo, de si mesmas. Enfatiza-se a necessidade de novas pesquisas, e que o cuidador em geral necessita, imprescindivelmente, ser bem-orientado quanto aos cuidados, primeiramente de si próprio, para estar potencialmente apto a bem-cuidar do outro.

The theme of this paper concerns the strategies that may be foreseeable in order to minimize the negative effects brought to a familial caretaker without any guidance as to the caring and having to dispend a lot of time to a dependent relative. It is a descriptive, longitudinal study, which observes qualitative aspects supported by empiric evidence, with an extensive review of the literature in this field, which led us to an interdisciplinary approach. In this present stance we intend to interpret the data obtained from elderly widows that, after taking care of their husbands ­ affected by a Cerebral Vascular Accident ­ for a long period of time, they display, beyond the suffering from the loss of a loved one, compromises in many levels, such as physical, social and environmental. Being able to count on not only the Family Health Program, but also on a social network composed of relatives, neighbors and friends, may prove to be an efficient way for the wives to keep up their resilience in taking care of another and, at the same time, of themselves. We emphasize the need for new researches on this field, and that the caretaker usually needs, without exception, to be well guided as far as caretaking goes, but always having the concern of caring of himself/herself first so that he/she will be potentially apt to help others.

Analysis of static and dynamic balance in healthy elderly practitioners of Tai Chi Chuan versus ballroom dancing

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether Tai Chi Chuan or ballroom dancing promotes better performance with respect to postural balance, gait, and postural transfer among elderly people. METHODS: We evaluated 76 elderly individuals who were divided into two groups: the Tai Chi Chuan Group and the Dance Group. The subjects were tested using the NeuroCom Balance Master¯ force platform system with the following protocols: static balance tests (the Modified Clinical Tests of Sensory Interaction on Balance and Unilateral Stance) and dynamic balance tests (the Walk Across Test and Sit-to-stand Transfer Test). RESULTS: In the Modified Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction on Balance, the Tai Chi Chuan Group presented a lower sway velocity on a firm surface with open and closed eyes, as well as on a foam surface with closed eyes. In the Modified Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction on Unilateral Stance, the Tai Chi Chuan Group presented a lower sway velocity with open eyes, whereas the Dance Group presented a lower sway velocity with closed eyes. In the Walk Across Test, the Tai Chi Chuan Group presented faster walking speeds than those of the Dance Group. In the Sit-to-stand Transfer Test, the Tai Chi Chuan Group presented shorter transfer times from the sitting to the standing position, with less sway in the final standing position. CONCLUSION: The elderly individuals who practiced Tai Chi Chuan had better bilateral balance with eyes open on both types of surfaces compared with the Dance Group. The Dance Group had better unilateral postural balance with eyes closed. The Tai Chi Chuan Group had faster walking speeds, shorter transfer times, and better postural balance in the final standing position during the Sit-to-stand Test. .