RESUMO
En Bolivia hay un déficit de conocimiento respecto a las condiciones de las mujeres que deciden abortar, la práctica del aborto ilegal se acompaña de altas tasas de morbimortalidad y constituyen un grave problema de salud pública, es por esta razón importante identificar qué factores contribuyen a la realización de abortos provocados. Objetivos: describir y analizar los factores sociales, demográficos y antecedentes Gineco-Obstetricos relacionados al aborto inducido en Bolivia, entre 2018- 2022. Métodos: Es un tipo de estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo de corte transversal. Los datos fueron recabados de mujeres que viven en Bolivia y participaron de una encuesta anónima, entre mayo- agosto 2022. Resultados: 63% está entre los 21 y 30 años 32.2% ente los 15 y 20 años de edad, 46.3% son profesionales, 31.5% han alcanzado el bachillerato. El porcentaje de mujeres que usó únicamente los MAC de alta eficacia es de 47%, 53% utilizaba MAC de muy baja eficacia. La mayor parte que marcaron demasiada la influencia social está entre los 21-30 años, 50% de dichos casos eran estudiantes, con distintos grados de escolaridad alcanzados. El 93,6% de las mujeres que si están conformes con su deseo de maternidad no tienen hijos. Conclusiones: En Bolivia la mayoría de las mujeres que optó por un aborto provocado son mujeres solteras, entre los 21-30 años, siguen estudiando, no tienen hijos y no desean tenerlos a la fecha, las mujeres jóvenes llegan a tomar la decisión de abortar junto a su pareja, casi en la mitad de los casos se usó un anticonceptivo de confianza e igualmente terminó con un embarazo no deseado. El método más usado durante el primer trimestre es el misoprostol.
In Bolivia, there is a lack of knowledge about the conditions of women who decide to have an abortion, and the practice of illegal abortion is accompanied by high rates of morbidity and mortality, constituting a serious public health problem. This is why it is important to identify which factors contribute to the occurrence of induced abortions. Objectives: to describe and analyze the social, demographic, and gynecological and obstetrical factors related to induced abortion in Bolivia between 2018 and 2022. Methods: This is a quantitative, descriptive cross-sectional study. The data were collected from women living in Bolivia who participated in an anonymous survey between May and August 2022. Results: 63% were between 21 and 30 years old, 32.2% were between 15 and 20 years old, 46.3% were professionals, and 31.5% had achieved a high school degree. The percentage of women who used only highly effective MACs was 47%, while 53% used very low-efficacy MACs. Most of the women who marked strong social influence were between 21 and 30 years old, and 50% of these cases were students with different levels of education. 93.6% of the women who are satisfied with their desire for motherhood do not have children. Conclusions: In Bolivia, the majority of women who opt for an induced abortion are single women between 21 and 30 years old, are still studying, do not have children and do not want them at the moment. Young women often make the decision to have an abortion together with their partner. In almost half of the cases, a trusted contraceptive was used, but it still resulted in an unwanted pregnancy. The most commonly used method during the first trimester is misoprostol.