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1.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 88(3): 404-410, jun. 2017. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-899995

RESUMO

Dapaglifozina, un inhibidor del cotransportador de sodio-glucosa 2 (I-SGLT2) induce glucosuria y reduce la glicemia en adultos con diabetes tipo 2. Objetivo: Presentar una cetosis diabética “normoglicémica” en una adolescente con diabetes tipo 1 (DM1) que recibía dapaglifozina y alertar sobre el riesgo del uso I-SGLT2 que parece promisorio, pero no está aprobado en niños ni en DM1. Caso clínico: Paciente de 17 años sin cetosis durante 9 años con DM1, inició dapaglifozina 10 mg/día para reducir la insulina y el peso. Durante 11 meses de tratamiento tuvo cetonas capilares indetectables, redujo el índice de masa corporal 23,9 a 21,1 kg/m², la insulina basal 40 a 17 U, la hemoglobina glicosilada 8,3 a 7,5%, la glicemia capilar 175 a 161 mg/dl y la variabilidad de la glucosa (desvío estándar 85 a 77). Inesperadamente aparecieron náuseas y vómitos. La paciente portaba bomba de insulina con monitorización continua de glucosa, bien calibrada (glucosas intersticiales concordantes con glicemias), que mostraba glucosa estable bajo 200 mg/dl. Recibió insulina pero los vómitos persistieron; en tres horas, aparecieron deshidratación y desmayos, con cetonas 4,6 nmol/l y glicemia 224 mg/dl. Recibió suero fisiológico, ondansetrón, carbohidratos y varias dosis de insulina con pronta recuperación del estado general e hidratación, sin embargo, la cetosis continuó durante 24 horas. Cabe destacar que la bomba estaba funcionando bien y no se cambió la cánula. Al superar la cetosis, continuó con la misma cánula con buen control metabólico. Conclusión: Es importante sospechar la cetosis diabética normoglicémica por ser de riesgo vital.


Dapagliflozin, an insulin-independent sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2-I) induces glycosuria and reduces hyperglycemia in adults with type 2 diabetes. Objective: To present an “euglycemic” diabetic ketosis in an adolescent with type 1 diabetes (T1D) receiving dapagliflozin, to alert about the risk of a drug not approved in children nor in T1D. Case report: A 17 years old adolescent with T1D during 9 years, was started on dapagliflozin 10 mg / day to reduce insulin dose and weight. During 11 months on treatment, capillaries ketones were undetectable and she exhibited a reduction in body mass index 23.9 to 21.1 kg/m2, basal insulin 40 to 17 U, glycated hemoglobin 8.3 to 7.5%, capillary glucose 175 to 161 mg/dl and glucose variability (standard deviation) 85 to 77. Suddenly nausea and vomits appeared. The patient was on an insulin pump and well calibrated continuous glucose monitoring, showing stable glucose levels under 200 mg/dl, and an insulin bolus was delivered. Vomiting without hyperglycemia persisted; three hours later, she was severely dehydrated and fainting, with ketones 4.6 nmol/l and glucose 224 mg/dl. She received IV saline fluids, ondansetron, carbohydrates and several insulin boluses. Hydration and general condition improved soon, however despite several insulin doses, ketosis continued for 24 hours. It is remarkable that the pump was working well and the cannula was not changed. After the ketosis was resolved, she continued using the same cannula with good metabolic control. Conclusion: Euglycemic ketosis is a life-threatening condition that must be suspected.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adolescente , Compostos Benzidrílicos/efeitos adversos , Cetoacidose Diabética/induzido quimicamente , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/tratamento farmacológico , Glucosídeos/efeitos adversos , Hipoglicemiantes/efeitos adversos , Insulina/uso terapêutico , Compostos Benzidrílicos/uso terapêutico , Glicemia/metabolismo , Biomarcadores/sangue , Cetoacidose Diabética/diagnóstico , Cetoacidose Diabética/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/sangue , Quimioterapia Combinada , Glucosídeos/uso terapêutico , Hipoglicemiantes/uso terapêutico
2.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 88(5): 586-594, 2017. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-900021

RESUMO

El impacto de la diabetes tipo 1 (DM1) en el rendimiento escolar es controversial. Objetivo: Evaluar la relación entre rendimiento escolar y control metabólico en niños con DM1 (N-DM1) y comparar sus resultados con niños de la población general (N-PG). Pacientes y Método: Se revisaron datos clínicos de 66 N-DM1. Se compararon las calificaciones de N-DM1 según Hemoglobina Glicosilada (HbA1c) < 7,5% y ≥ 7,5% con N-PG del mismo nivel, comuna, tipo de colegio (municipal, particular subvencionado y particular pagado) y localidad. Para la comparación de los grupos se utilizó la regresión lineal simple y el test de suma de los rangos de Wilcoxon (Mann y Whitney) previa comprobación de incumplimiento de normalidad con el test de Shapiro-Wilk según el caso. Se consideró un valor de p < 0,05 como estadísticamente significativo con una confiabilidad del 95%. Resultados: La edad fue 13,4 ± 2,9 años, tiempo de evolución DM1 5,3 ± 3,2 años, HbA1c 8,6 ± 1,9% y controles de glicemia capilar 3,2 ± 1,2 veces por día. Las calificaciones no mostraron correlación con HbA1c, duración de DM1, hipotiroidismo, problemas de salud mental, antecedentes de hipoglicemia ni de cetoacidosis. N-DM1 de educación básica mostraron calificaciones inferiores a N-PG del mismo nivel 5,6 ± 0,7 vs 6,0 ± 0,2 (p = 0,0002). Las calificaciones se correlacionaron con el número de controles diarios de glicemia capilar, coeficiente de correlación de Pearson (r) de 0,25, 0,41, 0,52 y 0,58 con el promedio general, matemática, lenguaje e historia respectivamente (p < 0,05). Un 6,1% de N-DM1 y 4,8% de N-PG no fue promovido de curso (p = 0,65). La deserción escolar fue 10,5% en N-DM1 y 7,7% en N-PG (p = 0,47). Conclusión: N-DM1que cursaban educación básica tuvieron calificaciones inferiores a N-PG y los pacientes que controlaban su glicemia capilar con mayor frecuencia mostraron mejores calificaciones. La DM1 puede tener un impacto deletéreo en el rendimiento escolar.


The impact of type 1 diabetes (T1D) on school performance is controversial. Objective: To study the relationship between school performance and metabolic control in children with T1D (Ch-T1D), comparing their school grades to general population children (Ch-GP). Patients and Method: Clinical data for 66 Ch-T1D was reviewed, school grades were compared in Ch-T1D with Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) HbA1c < 7.5% and ≥ 7.5%. School marks were also compared between Ch-T1D and Ch-GP from the same level, community and school type (public, private o chartered). Simple linear regression analysis and Mann Whitney test were used to compare groups. A p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Ch-T1D were: 13.4 ± 2.9 years old, T1D duration: 5.3 ± 3.2 years, HbA1c was 8.6 ± 1.9% and capillary blood glucose was measured 3.2 ± 1.2 times per day. Grade averages showed no correlation with HbA1c, diabetes duration, hypothyroidism, mental health issues, neither with hypoglycemia or ketoacidosis records. However, primary education Ch-T1D showed lower grades than Ch-GP 5.6 ± 0.7 and 6.0 ± 0.2 (p = 0,0002). School grades correlated with the number of capillary blood glucose readings per day, Pearson correlation coefficient (r) 0.25, 0.41, 0.52 and 0.58 with general grade point average, math, language, and history average respectively (p < 0.05). School non-pass rate was 6.1% in Ch-T1D and 4.8% in Ch-GP (p = 0.65) and school dropout rate was 10.5% in Ch-T1D and 7.7% in Ch-GP (p = 0.47). Conclusion: Ch-T1D attending primary school showed lower school grades than Ch-GP, and patients who more frequently checked capillary blood glucose showed better school grades. T1D may have a deleterious impact on school performance.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Glicemia/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/psicologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/sangue , Desempenho Acadêmico/estatística & dados numéricos , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/metabolismo , Biomarcadores/sangue , Modelos Lineares , Estudos Retrospectivos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/tratamento farmacológico , Hipoglicemiantes/uso terapêutico
3.
Rev. gastroenterol. Perú ; 32(4): 400-404, oct.-dic. 2012. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-692409

RESUMO

Paciente varón de 45 años natural de Lima, casado con antecedentes de , múltiples parejas sexuales y operado de fimosis, que debuta con eritema nodoso y diagnosticado de hepatitis B crónica en Agosto del 2008, en controles por consultorio se realiza diagnóstico de cirrosis hepática child A y hepatocarcinoma. Inicia tratamiento para la hepatitis B con Entecavir 0,5mg y luego se realiza hepatectomía del segmento V, En Febrero 2009 en controles de imágenes se evidencia recidiva de hepatocarcinoma en el segmento VI (lesión de 14mm) con AFP de 68 ng/dl, se realiza etanolización, con evolución final favorable. Durante el seguimiento no se observa evidencia de recidiva de HCC, continua con Entecavir 0,5 mg /d y en abril 2010, luego de 72 semanas de tratamiento con adecuada adherencia al tratamiento presenta rebrote virológico (carga viral positiva de 646 UI/dl), y se decide agregar a la terapia Tenofovir. Actualmente paciente con buena evolución con última carga viral de Abril del 2012 negativa recibiendo terapia doble para VHB. Reportamos el caso por ser uno de los primeros en nuestro país de resistencia probable a Entecavir y donde se pone de manifiesto la necesidad de examenes complementarios que confirmen dicha sospecha.


A 45 year- old - married man, with several sexual partners, initiated symptoms with nodosum erythema and in August 2008, is diagnosed of chronic hepatitis due to hepatitis B virus (HBV). Later he was diagnosed of Child A cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma. He began HBV treatment with Entecavir 0,5 mg; then he underwent a V segment hepatectomy. In February 2009 he presented a relapse with a tumor of 14 mm on VI segment with AFP values of 68 ng/dl, so he underwent an ethanolization with good evolution. During the follow up, he has not presented evidence of relapse of hepatocarcinoma and continued with Entecavir 0,5 mg/d. In April 2010, after 72 weeks of therapy with good compliance, the patient presented a virological breakthrough (viral load 646 UI/dl) and Tenofovir was added to his therapy. Nowadays the patient is receiving double therapy for HBV and his last viral load, April 2012, was negative. This could be the first case in our country of a probable resistance to Entecavir; complementary tests are needed in order to rule out this suspicion.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Farmacorresistência Viral , Guanina/análogos & derivados , Hepatite B Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Guanina/uso terapêutico , Hepatite B Crônica/diagnóstico , Hepatite B Crônica/virologia
4.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 139(6): 732-738, jun. 2011. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-603118

RESUMO

Background: The higher prevalence of chüdhood obesity has led to search for metabolic syndrome (MS) in this age group. Aim: To study the prevalence of MS in obese children and adolescents. Material ana Methods: Cross sectional study of 255 obese children and adolescents aged 11.3 ± 2.4 years, 45 percent males, 60 percent pubertal, with a body mass Índex (BMI) z score of 2.7 ± 0.6, who were evaluated for obesity. MS was defined as the presence of at least three of the following criteria, according to Ferranti: fasting glucose (FG) ≥ 100 mg/dl, triglycerides (TG) ≥ 100 mg/dl, HDL < 50 mg/dl, waist circumference (WC) > percentile (p) 75 and blood pressure (BP) > p90. Patients were also classified using Cook criteria: FG ≥100 mg/dl, TG ≥ 110 mg/dl, HDL < 40 mg/dl, WC > p 90, BP > p 90. Results: MS was observed in 45 and 22.7 percent of patients, according to Ferranti and Cook definitions, respectively. WC was the most frequent criteria and glucose was the most uncommon. Males had higher body mass Índex, WC and TG levéis than femóles. According to Ferranti and Cook áefinitions, MS prevalence was 53.5 and 28 percent in males and 37.6 andl8.4 percent in fernales (p < 0.05). Fifty and 26.1 percent of pubertal patients exhibited MS vs 36.9 and 17.5 percent in pre-pubertal subjects (p < 0.05) using Ferranti and Cook criteria, respectively. The frequency of MS increased along with a higher BMI. Conclusions: MS is a prevalent condition in obese children and adolescents, especially in males and pubertal children. It is necessary to have a better and universal definition for MS in pediatrics including all ages, in order to be focused in obesity prevention and treatment.


Assuntos
Adolescente , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Índice de Massa Corporal , Síndrome Metabólica/epidemiologia , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Circunferência da Cintura/fisiologia , Glicemia/fisiologia , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Chile/epidemiologia , HDL-Colesterol/sangue , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Síndrome Metabólica/diagnóstico , Obesidade/complicações , Valores de Referência , Distribuição por Sexo , Fatores Sexuais , Triglicerídeos/sangue
5.
Rev. gastroenterol. Perú ; 30(1): 11-16, ene.-mar. 2010. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-558990

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las infecciones son causa común de morbi-mortalidad en pacientes cirróticos. La Diabetes Mellitus (DM) es un reconocido factor predisponente a infecciones y cuya coexistencia como causa o consecuencia se ha visto incrementada en la poblacióncirrótica, de manera particular en población cirrótica de etiología viral de tipo C y cuya prevalencia ha sido reportada hasta en más del 50 por ciento de pacientes en algunas series. Partimos de la hipótesis que la DM constituye un factor de riesgo para infecciones en los pacientes con Cirrosis Hepática. Nos planteamos el siguiente objetivo general: Determinar si existe asociación entre DM e infecciones en pacientes con cirrosis hepática. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal, analítico, multicéntrico. Se dividió en 2 grupos, aquellos con DM (glicemia > 126 mg/dl) y sin DM. Se realizó una comparación de frecuencia y el tipo de infecciones en cada grupo. El análisis se realizó mediante las pruebas t Student, Chi Cuadrado y Odds Ratio como medida de asociación. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 178 pacientes (60,1 por ciento varones) entre 25 y 88 años. El 25,8 por cientotuvieron DM. No hubo diferencias demográficas entre los grupos DM y NDM. La frecuencia de infecciones en DM fue de 84,8 por ciento comparada con 48,5 por ciento en los no DM (p = 0,001 y OR = 5,90). Las infecciones más comunes fueron infecciones urinarias (ITU), neumonías y celulitis. Encontramos una mayor frecuencia de neumonías en el grupo DM, no así de ITU ni celulitis. CONCLUSIÓN: Existe una mayor frecuencia de infecciones en los pacientes cirróticos con DM. La frecuencia de Neumonías es mayor entre cirróticos infectados con DM, no así la de ITU o de celulitis.


AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: Infections are a common cause of morbidity and mortality in cirrhotic patients. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a predisposing factor for infections, and coexistence of DM and cirrhosis has increased in the last years, particularly in cirrhosis caused by hepatitis C virus. The aim of this study was to determine if there is an association between DM and infections in patients with cirrhosis. METHODS: Retrospective, cross sectional, analytical, multicenter study. Patients included were distributed in two groups: those with DM (glucose > 126 mg/dl) and those without DM. Frequency and type of infections were compared between both groups. Data was analyzed using Student´s t test, Chi square, and Odds ratio analysis. RESULTS: 178 patients were included, 60.1 percent were male. Range age was between 25 and 88 years, and 25.8 percent reported DM. There were no demographic differences betweengroups. The frequency of infections in the DM group was 84.8 percent as compared to 48.5 percent in the controls (p=0.001; OR = 5.9). The most common infections were Urinary Tract Infection (UTI), Pneumonia, and Cellulites. We found a higher frequency of Pneumonia in the DM group, not so for UTI and Cellulites population. CONCLUSIONS: The occurrence of DM is a risk factor for infections in patients with hepatic cirrhosis, particularly increased is the risk for acquiring Pneumonia.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Diabetes Mellitus , Fibrose , Infecções , Estudos Multicêntricos como Assunto , Estudos Transversais
6.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 137(1): 31-38, ene. 2009. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-511841

RESUMO

Background: Precocious pubarche (PP), defined as the development of sexual pubic hair before 8 years of age in females and before 9 years in males, is usually a benign condition but it can also be the first sign of an underlying disease. Aim: To analyze the etiology andperform a short term follow up in a cohort of patients with PP. Material and methods: A group of 173 patients (158 females) consulted for PP with a mean age of 7.4±0.1 years. These patients were followed between 15 to 60 months. Anthropometric measurements, bone age, serum levels of total testosterone, 17 OH progesterone (17 OHP) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) were evaluated. Results: Mean birth weight and length was 3024.1±50.5 g and 48.5±0.3 cm,respectively. Ten percent of children were small for gestational age at birth. Bone age was accelerated by 1.1±0.01 years. One hundred and twelve patients were classified as having idiopathicPP (64.7%; 105 females), 29 as central precocious puberty (16.8%; only females), 16 as exaggerated adrenarche (EA 9.2%; 13 females) and 16 as non classical adrenal hyperplasia (9.2%; 11 females). Conclusions: PP represents a common and usually benign sign. However, 26% of cases had apathologic underlying condition. Therefore, all children with PP should be evaluated by a pediatric endocrinologist. Low birth weight was not frequent in this cohort and these patients did not show EA


Assuntos
Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Peso ao Nascer , Puberdade Precoce/etiologia , Determinação da Idade pelo Esqueleto , Idade de Início , Estatura , Índice de Massa Corporal , Chile/epidemiologia , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Recém-Nascido Pequeno para a Idade Gestacional , Puberdade Precoce/diagnóstico , Puberdade Precoce/epidemiologia
7.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 136(8): 996-1006, ago. 2008. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-495798

RESUMO

Background: Congenital hypopituitarism is an uncommon cause of hypophyseal insufficiency It is less common than growth hormone deficiency which has an incidence of 1:4.000 to 1:8.000 Uve newborns. Early diagnosis ofthis condition is important to prevent impairment of cognitive function, poor growth and alterations in metabolic profile in these patients. Aim: To report 23 patients diagnosed with congenital hypopituitarism. Material and methods: Retrospective review of clinical records of 23 patients (12 males) with congenital hypopituitarism, diagnosed during a 21 years period. In a group of 16 patients a molecular study was performed searching for mutations in HESX1, PROP-1 or POUF-1. Results: Short stature was the most frequent sign at the first evaluation, followed by neonatal hypoglycemia and presence of nistagmus, strabismus, atrophic optic nerve or malformations in the middle Une showed in CNS imaging, suggesting septo-optic-dysplasia. All male patients diagnosed during neonatal period, exhibited micropenis. CNS images showed isolated hypophyseal hypoplasia or associated to an ectopic neurohypophysis in most patients. No patient in the subgroup subjected to molecular analysis had any of the mutations in the searched genes. Conclusions: The diagnosis of hypopituitarism must be based on clinical grounds, speciaUy when hypoglycemia, prolonged jaundice, micropenis or midline alterations are found in the neonatal period.


Assuntos
Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Hipopituitarismo/congênito , Hipopituitarismo/genética , Seguimentos , Proteínas de Homeodomínio/genética , Hipopituitarismo/diagnóstico , Mutação , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fator de Transcrição Pit-1/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/genética
8.
Rev. gastroenterol. Perú ; 27(1): 25-30, ener.-mar. 2007. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-533812

RESUMO

Introducción. La insuficiencia hepática aguda (IHA) es un síndrome poco frecuente aunque con elevada mortalidad. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar las características clínico-epidemiológicas de la IHA. Materiales y métodos: Estudio abierto, prospectivo, descriptivo de pacientes con diagnóstico de IHA hospitalizados en la Unidad de Hígado del HNERM desde Febrero 1999 hasta Enero 2003. Resultados. Se estudiaron 15 casos. La edad promedio fue 63 años (30-81), la relación M/F fue 2/1. La etiología fue hepatitis viral B (53.3 por ciento), reacciones tóxicas por idiosincracia (20 por ciento), indeterminada (20 por ciento) y hepatitis A (6.7 por ciento). En el momento del diagnóstico el 80 por ciento presentó encefalopatía Grado I y el 20 por ciento encefalopatía III. El 13.3 por ciento no tuvo ascitis y el 86.7 por ciento ascitis leve-moderada. El 53.3 por ciento tenía como antecedente una enfermedad crónica (diabetes, insuficiencia renal crónica, cardiopatía y otros). Los valores de laboratorio fueron: albúmina media 2.5 gr./dl, bilirrubina media 25.9 mg/dl, tiempo de protrombina media 29'' y Factor V media 40.7 por ciento. Las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron la sepsis y el edema cerebral. La mortalidad global fue 80 por ciento. El tiempo de sobrevida media fue 16.6 días. Conclusiones. La mayoría de casos tuvieron más de 60 años. La principal causa de IHA fue la hepatitis viral B, esta enfermedad puede prevenirse con la inmunización activa. La infección y el edema cerebral fueron causas importantes de muerte. La IHA aunque rara, es una entidad rápidamente progresiva y fatal.


Introduction. Acute Hepatic Insufficiency (AHI) is a rare syndrome but has a highmortality rate. The purpose of this study was to determine the clinico-epidemiological characteristics of AHI. Materials and Methods. Open study, prospective, descriptive of patients diagnosed with AHI in the Liver Unit of the Edgardo Rebagliati Martins State Hospital (HNERM) from February 1999 until January 2003. Results. Fifteen (15) cases were studied. The average age was 63 (30-81), the M-Fratio was 2/1. The diagnosis was viral Hepatitis B (53.3 per cent), toxic idiosyncratic reactions(20 per cent), undetermined (20 per cent) and Hepatitis A (6.7 per cent). At the time of diagnosis 80 per cent had Grade I encephalopathyand 20 per cent Grade III encephalopathy; 13.3 per cent did not have ascites and 86.7 per cent had mild-moderate ascites; 53.3 per cent had a history of chronic illness (diabetes, chronic renal insufficiency, cardiopathy and others). Average laboratory values were: albumin 2.5 gr./dl, bilirubin 25.9 mg/dl, prothrombin time 29” and Factor V 40.7 per cent. The most frequent complications were sepsis and cerebral oedema. Global mortality was 80 per cent. The average survival time was 16.6 days.Conclusions. In most cases the patients were over 60 years of age. The main cause of AHI was viral Hepatitis B, a disease which can be prevented with active immunisation. Infection and cerebral oedema were common causes of death. AHI, although rare, is a rapidly degenerative and fatal condition.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Feminino , Falência Hepática Aguda/complicações , Falência Hepática Aguda/epidemiologia , Falência Hepática Aguda/mortalidade , Insuficiência Hepática , Sobrevida , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Prospectivos
9.
Rev. gastroenterol. Perú ; 24(4): 305-313, oct.-dic. 2004. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-533723

RESUMO

La enfermedad hepática crónica es una entidad clínica que tiene varias causas; siendo la enfermedad viral y el consumo crónico de alcohol las más frecuentes. Las entidades de origen inmunológico son las que en conjunto ocupan el tercer lugar, incluyéndose la hepatitis autoinmune, la cirrosis biliar primaria, la colangitis esclerosante primaria, así como los síndromes de superposición. En el Perú hay escasos reportes en relación a la hepatitis autoinmune, y su frecuencia es desconocida. En la Unidad de Hígado del HNERM. La etiología autoinmune corresponde al 13 por ciento del total de casos hospitalizados por enfermedad hepática crónica en el año 2002. En este artículo reportamos 30 casos de hepatitis autoinmune con diagnóstico clínico y serológico, se hizo biopsia en el 97 por ciento de casos, demostrándose cirrosis en el 70 por ciento. La relación F/M fue de 5/1, la edad promedio fue 48.59 años, y en 6.7 por ciento de casos el debut del cuadro fue como insuficiencia hepática aguda. Se halló anticuerpos antinucleares en 73.33 por ciento, anticuerpos antimúsculo liso en 43.33 por ciento y antimitocondriales en 16.7 por ciento, habiendo coexistencia de autoanticuerpos en 40 por ciento. La endoscopía reveló la presencia de várices en 20 por ciento, pero solo 1 caso debutó con hemorragia variceal. La terapia instaurada fue a base de prednisona y azatioprina en la mayoría de casos. Recibieron tratamiento 26 casos, de los cuales el 80 por ciento tuvo remisión inicial, 2 tuvieron respuesta parcial y 3 no respondieron. En 16.7 por ciento de casos ocurrieron complicaciones relacionadas con el tratamiento inmunosupresor, sobre todo infecciones severas (3 casos). En conclusión, la Hepatitis autoinmune es una causa importante de enfermedad hepática crónica, que tiene características clínicas similares a las reportadas en la literatura internacional, responde al tratamiento inmunosupresor en la mayoría de casos, aunque debe hacerse un adecuado seguimiento del caso...


Chronic liver disease is a clinical entity of different origins. It is most frequently caused by viral infection and alcohol consumption. The entities of immunological origin are listed in third place including autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliar cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, as well as superposition syndromes. In Peru report of cases relating to autoimmune hepatitis are very few and its frequency is unknown. In 2002, autoimmune etiology represented 13 per cent of all the cases admitted in the Hepathology Unit of Edgardo Rebagliati Martins National Hospital (“HNERM”) for chronic hepatic disease. In this article, 30 cases of autoimmune hepatitis clinically and serologically diagnosed are reported.Biopsy was performed on 97 per cent of the cases, of which 70 per cent showed cirrhosis. The relationship F/M was 5/1, the average age was 48.59 years, and in 6.7 per cent of the cases the initial picture was acute hepatic insufficiency. Antinuclear antibodies were found in 73.33 per cent, smooth antimuscle antibodies in 43.33 per cent, and antimitochondrial antibodies in 16.7 per cent, with a coexistence of autoantibodies in 40 per cent. The endoscopy performed revealed the presence of varices in 20 per cent of the cases, but only one case of variceal hemorrhage. In most cases, therapy was initiated based on prednisone andazathioprine. Of 26 cases that were treated, 80 per cent had an initial remission, 2 responded partially,and 3 did not respond. There were complications related to the treatment with immunosuppressants in 16.7 per cent of the cases, and especially severe infections in 3 cases. In conclusion, autoimmune hepatitis is a substantial cause of chronic hepatic disease that has similar clinical characteristics tothose reported in international medical journals. In most cases it responds to treatment with immunosuppressants. However, adequate follow-up is recommended to detect secondarycomplications in the treatment with...


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Feminino , Hepatite Autoimune/terapia , Hepatite Crônica/terapia , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos Retrospectivos
10.
Rev. gastroenterol. Perú ; 17(3): 259-261, sept.-dic. 1997. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-525887

RESUMO

La hemobilia, definida como hemorragia dentro del árbol biliar, es una entidad rara. La comunicación anormal entre los vasos sanguíneos y el árbol biliar puede ser debida a trauma, desórdenes inflamatorios, infecciones, litiasis vesicular, tumores y trastornos de la coagulación. Presentamos el reporte de dos casos, cuyo diagnóstico se realizó por Pancreatocolangiografía Retrógrada Endoscópica (PCRE).


Hemobilia is defined as the hemorrhage within the biliary tree. Maybe, the abnormal communication between blood vessels and the biliary tree, is due to trauma, inflammatory disorders, infections, gallstones, tumors and coagulation disorders. Two cases, which diagnosis were made with retrograde endoscopic cholangio pancreatography, are reported here.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Hemobilia , Colangiopancreatografia Retrógrada Endoscópica
11.
Rev. gastroenterol. Perú ; 17(1): 13-23, ene.-abr. 1997. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-525869

RESUMO

Objetivos: Fueron dos, 1)Determinar la eficacia de la terapia de inyección endoscópica (TIE) en pacientes con sangrado por úlcera péptica con .alto riesgo de recurrencia, y 2)Reconocer los factores de riesgo clínico-endoscópicos que influyen en la recurrencia de hemorragia y la mortalidad por esta patología. Métodos: Es un estudio retrospectivo que incluye 121 pacientes admitidos a una unidad especializada en el manejo de hemorragia digestiva debido a una úlcera péptica con sangrado activo o vaso visible no sangrante, entre Marzo de 1994 y Febrero de 1996, y a los que se les realizó TIEcon adrenalina. Resultados: Se logró éxito en la hemostasia endoscópica inicial en 119 pacientes (99.1 por ciento), en un paciente la hemorragia persistió (0.9 por ciento), y en otro no se pudo realizar la TIE por inaccesibilidad. La hemostasia definitiva se alcanzó en 93 pacientes (77.5 por ciento), y hubo recurrencia en 28 (23.5 por ciento).Se remitió a cirugía a 26 pacientes (21.5 por ciento). El examen univariado demostró que la recurrencia de la hemorragia estuvo relacionada con la presencia de shock (p=0.002), hematemesis (p=0.02),edad mayor de 60 años (p=0.009), número de unidades transfundidas (p=O.OOOOO) y tamaño de la úlcera mayor de 2cm (p=0.018). La mortalidad global en nuestros pacientes fue de 10 por ciento, y la mortalidad operatoria de 34.6 por ciento. Los factores asociados significativamente con la mortalidadfueron la recurrencia de la hemorragia (p=0.000003), presencia de enfermedad concomitante (p=0.05), la presencia de úlcera gástrica (p=0.021), además de la edad (mayores de 60años), presencia de.shock y tamaño de la úlcera mayor de 2cm (P=0.05). Conclusiones: La TIE es un procedimiento útil en el tratamiento de la hemorragia por úlcera péptica con alto riesgo de recurrencia (hemorragia activa o vaso visible), habiéndose obtenido la hemostasia definitiva en el 77.5 por ciento...


Background: Objectives were two. (1) to determine the efficiency of the endoscopic injection therapy (EIT) in patients suffering from bleeding caused by peptic ulcer disease with high risk of recurrence, and (2) to recognize clinical and endoscopical risk factors that influence recurrence of hemorrhage and mortality from this pathology. Methods: This is a retrospective study that included 121 patients, who were admitted by a unit specialized in managing gastrointestinal hemorrhage owing to peptic ulcer with active bleeding or non-bleeding visible vessel, and who underwent EIT with epinephrine between March, 1994 and February, 1996. Results: Initial success was achieved in 119 patients who underwent EIT (99.1 per cent). Bleeding persisted in one patient (0.9 per cent), and in another one, EIT was not successful because of inaccessible location. Definite hemostasis was achieved in 93 patients (77.5 per cent) and there was recurrence in 28 cases (23.5 per cent). Twenty-six patients underwent surgical therapy (21.5 per cent).The univariable analysis showed that hemorrhage recurrence was related to the presence of shock (p=0.002), hematemesis (p=0.2), age over 60 (p=0.009), number of blood units transfused (p=O.OOOOO) and ulcer diameter larger than 2 cm (p=0.018). The global mortality in our patients was of 10 per cent, and surgical mortality was of 34.6 per cent. Factors significantly related to mortality were hemorrhage recurrence (p=0.000003), presence 01concomitant disease (p=0.05), and presence of gastric ulcer (p=0.021), in addition to age (over 60), presence of shock and ulcer diameter larger than 2 cm (p=0.05). Conclusion: EIT is a valuable procedure for the treatment of hemorrhage caused by peptic ulcer with high risk of recurrence (active hemorrhage or visible vessel), with a definite hemostasis of 77.5 per cent...


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Injeções , Úlcera Péptica Hemorrágica/terapia , Estudos Retrospectivos
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