Research Progress on the Application of Intervention Mapping in Tertiary Prevention of Cancer / 中国医学科学院学报

Intervention mapping (IM) is a framework for formulating theory-and evidence-based health education projects with participatory approaches from ecological perspectives.The intervention program designed via IM plays a role in reducing the exposure of cancer risk factors,increasing cancer prevention behaviors,and promoting early cancer screening and rehabilitation of cancer patients.This study summarizes the characteristics,implementation steps,and application status of IM in tertiary prevention of cancer,aiming to provide reference for the application of IM in the health education projects for cancer in China.

Clinical efficacy of mild therapeutic hypothermia with different rewarming time on neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: a prospective randomized controlled study / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the clinical efficacy of mild therapeutic hypothermia (MTH) with different rewarming time on neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).@*METHODS@#A prospective study was performed on 101 neonates with HIE who were born and received MTH in Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, from January 2018 to January 2022. These neonates were randomly divided into two groups: MTH1 group (n=50; rewarming for 10 hours at a rate of 0.25°C/h) and MTH2 group (n=51; rewarming for 25 hours at a rate of 0.10°C/h). The clinical features and the clinical efficacy were compared between the two groups. A binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors influencing the occurrence of normal sleep-wake cycle (SWC) on amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram (aEEG) at 25 hours of rewarming.@*RESULTS@#There were no significant differences between the MTH1 and MTH2 groups in gestational age, 5-minute Apgar score, and proportion of neonates with moderate/severe HIE (P>0.05). Compared with the MTH2 group, the MTH1 group tended to have a normal arterial blood pH value at the end of rewarming, a significantly shorter duration of oxygen dependence, a significantly higher proportion of neonates with normal SWC on aEEG at 10 and 25 hours of rewarming, and a significantly higher Neonatal Behavioral Neurological Assessment score on days 5, 12, and 28 after birth (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in the incidence rate of rewarming-related seizures between the two groups (P>0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups in the incidence rate of neurological disability at 6 months of age and the score of Bayley Scale of Infant Development at 3 and 6 months of age (P>0.05). The binary logistic regression analysis showed that prolonged rewarming time (25 hours) was not conducive to the occurrence of normal SWC (OR=3.423, 95%CI: 1.237-9.469, P=0.018).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Rewarming for 10 hours has a better short-term clinical efficacy than rewarming for 25 hours. Prolonging rewarming time has limited clinical benefits on neonates with moderate/severe HIE and is not conducive to the occurrence of normal SWC, and therefore, it is not recommended as a routine treatment method.

Predictive value of four items of new thrombus markers combined with conventional coagulation tests for thrombosis in antiphospholipid syndrome / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the predictive value of four items of new thrombus markers combined with conventional coagulation tests for thrombosis in antiphospholipid syndrome.@*METHODS@#A total of 121 antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) patients who hospitalized at Peking University People's Hospital from March 2022 to January 2023 were selected and divided into thrombus group (50 cases) and nonthrombus group (71 cases) according to whether thrombosis occurred. The differences of laboratory characteristics including antiphospholipid antibodies were compared between the thrombotic and non-thrombotic groups. Chemiluminescent immunoassay was used to detect thrombomodulin (TM), thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT), Plasmin-α2 plasmin inhibitor complex (PIC), and tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor complex (t-PAIC) in plasma from venous. The independent risk factors of thrombosis in patients with APS were determined using binary Logistic regression. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was applied to evaluate the efficacy of each index on the prediction of thrombosis.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the patients without thrombosis, the patients with thrombosis were older [49 (32, 64) years vs. 36 (32, 39) years, P < 0.05]. The percentages of male, smoking, hypertension, and global antiphospholipid syndrome score (GAPSS)≥10 in the patients with thrombosis were significantly higher than those in the patients without thrombosis (P < 0.05). The positive rates of anticardiolipin antibody (aCL) and lupus anticoagulant (LA) in the thrombotic group were significantly higher than those in the non-thrombotic group (P < 0.05), and the levels of prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen, fibrin degradation product in the thrombotic group were significantly higher than those in the non-thrombotic group (P < 0.05).Among the thrombosis group, venous thrombosis accounted for 19 (38.00%), including deep vein thrombosis (16, 84.21%) and pulmonary embolism accounted (5, 26.32%); Arterial thrombosis accounted for 35 (70.00%), including myocardial infarction (6, 17.14%) cerebral infarction (30, 85.71%). The patients in the thrombotic group had significantly greater TM levels than those in the non-thrombotic group (P < 0.05).There were no significant dif-ferences between the two groups in TAT (Z=-1.420, P=0.156), PIC (Z=-0.064, P=0.949), and t-PAIC (Z=-1.487, P=0.137). Univariate and binary Logistic regression analysis of relevant variables showed that advanced age [OR=1.126, P=0.002], elevated TM [OR=1.325, P=0.048], prolonged prothrombin time (PT) [OR=4.127, P=0.008] were independent risk factors for thrombosis in the patients with APS. ROC curve analysis of the above three independent risk factors showed that the combined detection of age, PT and TM had the highest Yoden index (0.727) and sensitivity (83.0%), with a specificity of 89.7%.@*CONCLUSION@#TAT, PIC, TM, and t-PAIC may reflect thrombus formation from the coagulation system, fibrinolysis system, and endothelial system. The combined of age TM and PT is superior to the application of a single marker, which has diagnostic value for the early identification of APS thrombosis.

Study on colonization of Group B Streptococcus in pregnant women of Mongolian and Han nationality and the status of neonatal early-onset septicemia / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective:To explore the carrier status of group B streptococci (GBS) in pregnant women of Mongolian and Han nationality and the neonatal GBS infection in order to identify the high risk factors of GBS infection in Mongolian and Han newborns in this area.Methods:Totally 7289 pregnant women and their newborns born alive were tested for GBS in the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University from June 2017 to June 2020, and their newborns were cultured for GBS, and the venous blood of newborns delivered by GBS positive women were detected for anti-GBS capsular polysaccharide antibody level, in order to determine the high risk factors of neonatal GBS infection.Results:Among the 7289 pregnant women, 3136 were Mongolian pregnant women (2599 full-term delivery and 537 premature delivery) and 4153 were Han pregnant women (3541 full-term delivery and 612 premature delivery). The results of GBS test showed that the GBS carrier rate was 8.19% in the Mongolian preterm delivery group, 4.35% in the Mongolian term group, 11.93% in the Han preterm group, and 5.76% in the Han term group, indicating that the carrier rate of GBS in the preterm group was significantly higher than that in the term group, regardless of Mongolian and Han nationality ( P < 0.05). Further comparing the GBS carrier rate of Mongolian and Han pregnant women, the GBS carrier rate of Mongolian pregnant women was significantly lower than that of Han pregnant women regardless of the premature delivery group and term group ( P < 0.05). (2) A total of 434 newborns were born by GBS positive parturients. The positive rates of GBS in Mongolian premature infants, Mongolian full-term infants, Han premature infants and Han full-term infants were 29.55%, 14.16%, 31.51% and 17.65%, respectively, suggesting that the positive rate of GBS in premature infants was significantly higher than that in full-term infants, regardless of Mongolian and Han nationality ( P<0.05). Further comparing the positive rate of GBS in Mongolian and Han newborns, there was no significant difference in the positive rate of GBS between Mongolian newborns and Han newborns, no matter the premature delivery group and the full-term group. (3) This study compared the incidence of early-onset GBS septicemia in Mongolian and Han newborns. The results showed that the incidence of early-onset GBS septicemia in Mongolian premature infants was 23.08%, and none in full-term infants. The incidence of early-onset GBS septicemia in Han premature infants was 26.09%. The incidence of early-onset GBS septicemia in term infants was 5.56%. The incidence of neonatal GBS septicemia in the preterm group was significantly higher than that in the term group, regardless of Mongolian and Han nationality. By further comparing the incidence of GBS septicemia in Mongolian and Han newborns, there was no significant difference in the positive rate of GBS between Mongolian newborns and Han newborns regardless of the premature delivery group and the term group. (4) In both Mongolian and Han nationality, the level of anti-GBS capsular polysaccharide antibody in premature infants was significantly lower than that in term infants ( P < 0.05). (5) Regardless of the Mongolian and Han nationality, compared with GBS negative group, GBS positive rate was higher in pregnant women aged≥35 years old, with history of menstruation, miscarriage, vaginitis, floating population, and those who had not undergone pre-pregnancy examination,,which were the high risk factors for GBS-positive pregnant women during pregnancy. (6) In both Mongolian and Han nationality, the incidence of chorioamnionitis, puerperal infection, premature delivery and premature rupture of membranes in the GBS positive group was higher than that in the GBS negative group, and the incidence of fetal distress and neonatal asphyxia in the GBS positive group was also higher than that in the GBS negative group. Conclusions:The carrier rate of GBS in Mongolian pregnant women is lower than that in Han pregnant women, and positive GBS during pregnancy will increase the incidence of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes such as chorioamnionitis, puerperal infection, premature delivery, premature rupture of membranes, fetal distress, neonatal asphyxia and neonatal early-onset GBS septicemia. The high risk factors are maternal age ≥ 35 years old, history of menstruation, abortion, vaginitis, floating population, and infection without pre-pregnancy examination. We should attach great importance to the perinatal high risk factors and formulate corresponding intervention measures accordingly, and make rational use of antibiotics for prenatal prevention, so as to further reduce the incidence of early-onset GBS septicemia in newborns.

Neuromodulatory therapies for patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Reviving patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness (DOCs) has always been focused and challenging in medical research. Owing to the limited effectiveness of available medicine, recent research has increasingly turned towards neuromodulatory therapies, involving the stimulation of neural circuits. We summarised the progression of research regarding neuromodulatory therapies in the field of DOCs, compared the differences among different studies, in an attempt to explore optimal stimulation patterns and parameters, and analyzed the major limitations of the relevant studies to facilitate future research.@*METHODS@#We performed a search in the PubMed database, using the concepts of DOCs and neuromodulation. Inclusion criteria were: articles in English, published after 2002, and reporting clinical trials of neuromodulatory therapies in human patients with DOCs.@*RESULTS@#Overall, 187 published articles met the search criteria, and 60 articles met the inclusion criteria. There are differences among these studies regarding the clinical efficacies of neurostimulation techniques for patients with DOCs, and large-sample studies are still lacking.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Neuromodulatory techniques were used as trial therapies for DOCs wherein their curative effects were controversial. The difficulties in detecting residual consciousness, the confounding effect between the natural course of the disease and therapeutic effect, and the heterogeneity across patients are the major limitations. Large-sample, well-designed studies, and innovations for both treatment and assessment are anticipated in future research.

Study on the level of daily living function and its influencing factors in elderly patients after hip fracture surgery / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the short-term prognosis of elderly patients with hip fracture after operation, and to explore the main factors affecting the recovery of daily life function.@*METHODS@#From November 2015 to November 2016, 130 elderly patients with hip fracture were analyzed, including 43 males and 87 females, aged from 60 to 95 (77.54±8.49) years. The death, fall and complications were recorded 3 months after operation. The daily life function of the patients was followed up 3 months after operation with the functional recovery of daily life scale (FRS). T-test, analysis of variance and single factor linear regression analysis were used to analyze the general clinical data. The factors with @*RESULTS@#Among 130 patients, 7 died (5.4%), 4 fell (3.1%), 103 (79.2%) had postoperative complications, and the FRS score of 123 patients was 65.92±22.79. The results showed that gender, age, fracture site, pre fracture Basel rating, frailty index, postoperative hospital stay and total number of postoperative complications had significant differences in the recovery of daily life function (@*CONCLUSION@#The short term rehabilitation level of elderly patients with hip fracture after operation is poor. Basel rating before fracture, frailty index, postoperative hospital stay and total number of postoperative complications may be related risk factors affecting the recovery of daily life function of patients after operation.

Diagnosis and treatment of amiodarone-related thyroid dysfunction / 中国实用内科杂志

Amiodarone can lead to a series of thyroid dysfunction in antiarrhythmic patients, including hypothyroidism(AIH) or hyperthyroidism(AIT), which will lead to irreversible injury and even life-threatening. Therefore, the diagnosis,classification and management of amiodarone-related thyroid dysfunction is challenging, and standardized management is imperative. Combined with the basic viewpoints of the guidelines and evidence-based, in particular the”guidelines for the use of amiodarone” and the “guidelines for the management of 2018 ETA amiodarone-related thyroid dysfunction”, the diagnosis and treatment of amiodarone-related thyroid dysfunction is systematically described, Some opinions and suggestions were put forward to solve the clinical problems of amiodarone related thyroid dysfunction.

Role of Microtubule-associated Protein Tau Phosphorylation in Alzheimer's Disease / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

As a major microtubule-associated protein,tau plays an important role in promoting microtubule assembly and stabilizing microtubules.In Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other tauopathies,the abnormally hyperphosphorylated tau proteins are aggregated into paired helical filaments and accumulated in the neurons with the form of neurofibrillary tangles.An imbalanced regulation in protein kinases and protein phosphatases is the direct cause of tau hyperphosphorylation.Among various kinases and phosphatases,glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) are the most implicated.Accumulation of the hyperphosphorylated tau induces synaptic toxicity and cognitive impairments.Here,we review the upstream factors or pathways that can regulate GSK-3β or PP2A activity mainly based on our recent findings.We will also discuss the mechanisms that may underlie tau-induced synaptic toxicity.

The research progress of neuregulin-1/ErbBs signaling in chronic heart failure / 中国药理学通报

Neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) and the ErbBs family of receptor tyrosine kinases are widely expressed in the cardiovascular system.NRG-1/ErbBs signaling plays an essential role in physiology and pathophysiology of the heart,including stabilization of cardiac myocyte structure and function,promotion of cardiac myocyte proliferation and survival,inhibition of cardiac myocyte apoptosis,reduction of myocardial interstitial fibrosis,regulation of energy utilization,and enhancement of angiogenesis and so on.Therefore,NRG-1/ErbBs signaling is involved in the development and treatment of chronic heart failure(CHF).In this review,we bring the growing literature on NRG-1/ErbBs signaling and its significance in cardiovascular development and heart failure.

A study on the correlation between SP-C gene mutation in exon 5 area and respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants / 中国新生儿科杂志

Objective To study the correlation between the surfactant protein C ( SP-C) gene mutation in exon 5 area and respiratory distress syndrome(RDS) in premature infants. Methods From January 2013 to January 2015, nonconsanguineous premature infants [28 weeks ≤gestational age(GA) A heterozygous mutations were detected in 17 cases among 60 patients in the RDS group. The mutation frequency was 28. 3% . SP-C gene exon 5 region c. 715G > A heterozygous mutations were detected in 8 cases among 60 patients in the control group. The mutation frequency was 13. 3% . The mutation frequency in the RDS group was statistically significantly higher than the control group (χ2 = 4. 093,P =0. 043) . In RDS group, c. 715G > A heterozygous mutation had no significant correlation with RDS grades, oxygen therapy, pulmonary surfactant dose nor treatment outcome (P > 0. 05). Conclusions A correlation may be existed between SP-C gene exon 5 area c. 715G > A heterozygous mutation and RDS in premature infants.

Psychological distress, social support and medication adherence in patients with ischemic stroke in the mainland of China / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Stroke research and rehabilitation have traditionally focused on the physical and functional impact of a stroke. Less attention has been given to the psychosocial factors associated with this chronic condition. By the few studies that have specifically focused on psychosocial factors in the context of stroke, poststroke depression is demonstrated to significantly influence stroke outcomes. Associations of stroke with psychological symptoms other than depression have rarely been evaluated. This study was aimed to investigate the changes of psychological stress, social support and medication adherence in patients with ischemic stroke in the mainland of China. In this study, 90 patients with hemiplegia one year after first-ever middle cerebral artery infarction (stroke group) in the Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from June 2008 to June 2011 were recruited for interview. Ninety age- and sex-matched normal volunteers (control group) were also examined at the same period. The psychological distress was assessed by the Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90), the social support by the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), and medication adherence by Morisky's self-reported inventory, respectively. Group differences were analyzed using unpaired-t test and chi-squared test. The results showed that total mean scores of the SCL-90 in the stroke group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.01). Except two dimensions, paranoid ideation and psychoticism, mean scores of the rest dimensions (including somatization, obsession-compulsion, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, and phobic anxiety) of SCL-90 were significantly higher in the stroke group than those in the control group (P<0.05, or P<0.01). The objective support, subjective support, support availability and total social support scores in the stroke group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05, or P<0.01). Those in the "SCL-90 total scores >150 group" were significantly higher than in the "SCL-90 total scores <100 group" and the "SCL-90 total scores between 100 to 150 group" (P<0.05, or P<0.01). Those in the "SCL-90 total scores between 100 to 150 group" were significantly higher than in the "SCL-90 total scores <100 group" (P<0.05). In 90 patients with ischemic stroke, 26 (28.89%) patients obtained high medication adherence, 47 (52.22%) patients medium medication adherence, and 17 (18.89%) patients low medication adherence, respectively. Among these stroke patients, there were 17 (50.00%) patients with high medication adherence in the "SCL-90 total scores >150 group", 28 (75.67%) patients with medium medication adherence in the "SCL-90 total scores between 100 to 150 group", and 12 (61.16%) patients with low medication adherence in the "SCL-90 total scores <100 group", respectively. There was significant difference in the medication adherence rate among the different SCL-90 scores groups in these stroke patients (P<0.05 or P<0.01). It was led to conclude that ischemic stroke patients one year after hemiplegia have psychological distress, low level of social support and poor medication adherence in the mainland of China. Therefore, it is necessary to mobilize the government, medical institutions and various social support groups to offer psychological interventions to relieve the stress of patients with ischemic stroke, and improve their medication adherence.

Investigation of surfactant protein-C gene on respiratory distress syndrome in the Han nationality new-borns of the Inner Mongolia / 中国小儿急救医学

Objective To investigate the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms of surfactant protein C(SP-C)gene and respiratory distress syndrome(RDS)in the Han nationality newborns in Inner Mongolia and whether there is a mutation occurs on SP-C gene exon 4 and 5.Methods One hundred newborns with RDS(case group)and 100 newborns without RDS(control group)were selected.PCR gene analysis was used to establish the genotype and allele frequencies of exon 4 (T138N)and 5 (S186N)on SP-C.Results In the Han nationality newborns of Inner Mongolia region,there was no mutation on SP-C gene exon 4 and 5.Exon 4(T138N)on SP-C could be checked out three genotypes:namely AA,AC and CC.The genetic polymorphisms of exon 4 on SP-C were not statistically different between the case group and the control group(χ2 ﹦0.744,P ﹦0.689).Besides,exon 5(S186N)on SP-C could also be checked out three genotypes:namely AA,AG and GG.The genetic polymorphisms of exon 5 on SP-C were also not statistically different between the case group and the control group(χ2 ﹦0.770,P ﹦0.681 ).Conclusion There is no mutation on SP-C gene exon 4 and 5.The genetic polymorphism of exon 4 and 5 on SP-C displays no signifi-cant correlation with RDS of the Han nationality newborns in Inner Mongolia.

Correlation analysis of surfactant protein-C genetic polymorphisms and neonatal respiratory distress syndrome of the Mongol nationality in Inner Mongolia / 中国小儿急救医学

Objective To investigate the distribution of surfactant protein-C( SP-C) gene single nu-cleotide polymorphisms and to study the association between the SP-C gene polymorphisms and neonatal respiratory distress syndrome( NRDS) in infants. Methods Fifty-one infants with NRDS( NRDS group) and 51 infants without RDS( control group) were selected. PCR gene analysis and polymerase chain reaction were used to establish the genotype and allele frequencies of SP-C exon 4(T138N) and exon 5(S186N),SP-C exon 4 and 5 for the mutation,and then the association between the polymorphisms and NRDS was analyzed. Results SP-C gene mutations were not found in exon 4 and 5. In the Mongol nationality of the Inner Mon-golia region,SP-C exon 4(T138N) genotypes could check out three genotypes:namely AA,AC and CC. The frequencies of allele A and allele C of SP-C exon 4(T138N) were not statistically different between NRDS group and control group(χ2 =0. 454,P=0. 797). In the Mongol nationality,SP-C exon 5(S186N) genotypes could check out three genotypes:namely AA,AG and GG. The frequencies of allele A and allele G of SP-C exon 5(S186N) were not statistically different between NRDS group and control group(χ2 =0. 493,P =0. 782). Conclusion SP-C exon 4(T138N) and exon 5(S186N) gene polymorphism in Inner Mongolia newborns displays no significant correlation with sex,birth weight or gestational age. SP-C gene mutations are not found in exon 4 and 5. SP-C gene exon 4(T138N) and exon 5(S186N) polymorphisms are not found to be associated with NRDS in Mongol nationality of the Inner Mongolia.

Psychological distress, social support and medication adherence in patients with ischemic stroke in the mainland of China / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Stroke research and rehabilitation have traditionally focused on the physical and functional impact of a stroke. Less attention has been given to the psychosocial factors associated with this chronic condition. By the few studies that have specifically focused on psychosocial factors in the context of stroke, poststroke depression is demonstrated to significantly influence stroke outcomes. Associations of stroke with psychological symptoms other than depression have rarely been evaluated. This study was aimed to investigate the changes of psychological stress, social support and medication adherence in patients with ischemic stroke in the mainland of China. In this study, 90 patients with hemiplegia one year after first-ever middle cerebral artery infarction (stroke group) in the Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from June 2008 to June 2011 were recruited for interview. Ninety age- and sex-matched normal volunteers (control group) were also examined at the same period. The psychological distress was assessed by the Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90), the social support by the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), and medication adherence by Morisky's self-reported inventory, respectively. Group differences were analyzed using unpaired-t test and chi-squared test. The results showed that total mean scores of the SCL-90 in the stroke group were higher than those in the control group (P150 group" were significantly higher than in the "SCL-90 total scores 150 group", 28 (75.67%) patients with medium medication adherence in the "SCL-90 total scores between 100 to 150 group", and 12 (61.16%) patients with low medication adherence in the "SCL-90 total scores <100 group", respectively. There was significant difference in the medication adherence rate among the different SCL-90 scores groups in these stroke patients (P<0.05 or P<0.01). It was led to conclude that ischemic stroke patients one year after hemiplegia have psychological distress, low level of social support and poor medication adherence in the mainland of China. Therefore, it is necessary to mobilize the government, medical institutions and various social support groups to offer psychological interventions to relieve the stress of patients with ischemic stroke, and improve their medication adherence.

Effects of plant growth regulators on induction formation for plantlet microtuber of Dioscorea bulbifera / 中草药

Objective: In order to find the suitable concentration and combination of plant growth regulators, the effects of plant growth regulators (NAA, 2, 4-D, 6-BA, KT, and PP333) on in vitro induction formation for the plantlet microtuber of Dioscorea bulbifera was studied. Methods: Through plant tissue culture technique, single factor test, and orthogonal test, taking the stems with a bud of D. bulbifera plantlets as explants, the effects of plant growth regulators on the in vitro induction formation for the microtubers of D. bulbifera were investigated. Results: Auxin using alone was conducive to the induction formation for the microtuber of D. bulbifera. The suitable concentration of both NAA and 2, 4-D inducing the microtuber formation was 0.5 mg/L, but the inducing effects of NAA and 2, 4-D had no significant difference. Cytokinin using alone was not conducive to the induction formation for the microtuber of D. bulbifera. The suitable concentration of both KT and 6-BA inducing microtuber formation was 2 mg/L, but the inducing effect of KT is better than that of 6-BA. The combination of auxin, cytokinin, and PP333 could significantly promote the in vitro induction formation for the microtuber of D. bulbifera, the better combination was MS+NAA 0.5 mg/L+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+PP333 0.5 mg/L. Conclusion: Based on these experimental results, the paper selects the suitable concentration of plant growth regulators conducive to the in vitro induction formation for the microtuber of D. bulbifera, which has laid the technical foundation for their in vitro induction formation of microtuber and factory production.

Psychological distress, family functioning, and social support in family caregivers for patients with dementia in the mainland of China / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Dementia is a chronic progressive disease seriously affecting the patient's daily life and working skills and may cause the patient disability and dependence. Thus, caring for dementia patients inevitably falls on families in the mainland of China. Unfortunately, there are rarely enough reports available about mental health and social support in family caregivers for domestic dementia patients. This study aimed to investigate the changes in psychological status and social support in domestic dementia family caregivers and hope the government and relevant departments pay more attention to the family caregiver's psychological change, which may be better for dementia patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty-eight immediate family caregivers (family group) for dementia patients, including 21 Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 37 vascular dementia inpatients, were recruited for interview. Fifty-eight age- and sex-matched normal volunteers (control group) were also interviewed in the same period. The psychiatric distress was assessed by the Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90), family functioning was assessed by the Family Assessment Device (FAD), and the social support was assessed by the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Group differences were analyzed using unpaired t test for comparison of SCL-90, FAD, and MSPSS mean scores. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to find the association between the various dimensions of FAD and the social support from dementia family caregivers.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Except phobic anxiety dimension, the other dimensions of SCL-90 mean scores were significantly higher in the family group than those in the control group (P < 0.05). In the family group, except affective involvement dimension, the other dimensions of FAD mean scores were within the scope of unhealthy family functioning. Significant differences in problem solving, communication, roles, affective responsiveness, behavioral control, general functioning, and the total MSPSS mean scores were seen between the family group and the control group (P < 0.01). Except affective involvement dimension, the other dimensions of the family functioning correlated with the perceived social support in the family group (P < 0.05 or 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Dementia patients have a negative effect on families' mental health in the mainland of China. Dementia family caregivers experience defected family functioning and low levels of social support.</p>

Preliminary study on Anemarrhena asphodeloides tissue culture / 中草药

Objective: The tissue culture of Anemarrhena asphodeloides was preliminarily studied to establish A. asphodeloides regeneration system. Methods: The establishment of A. asphodeloieds sterile system, tiller bud proliferation, tiller callus induction and its re-differentiation as well as transplanting of regenerated plantlets were studied by plant tissue culture and single factor test method. Results: The best disinfection way of A. asphodeloides seeds was firstly dealt with 75% ethanol for 30 s and then dealt with 0. 1% HgCl2 for 15 min; The best medium of bud proliferation for A. asphodeloides tillers was MS+KT 1 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L; The best medium of A. asphodeloides tiller callus induction was MS+KT 2 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L; The best medium of A. asphodeloides tillers callus redifferentiation was MS+ KT 2 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L; The best rooting medium of A. asphodeloides callus regeneration buds was 1/2 MS+NAA 0.5 mg/L; The best transplanting substrate of A. asphodeloides plantlets was humus soil. Conclusion: The regeneration system of A. asphodeloides is established, which provides a technological basis for factory production of A. asphodeloides plantlets.

Observation on therapeutic effect of herb-partitioned moxibustion on fibromyalgia syndrome / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the clinical therapeutic effect of herb-partitioned moxibustion combined with medication on fibromyalgia syndrome.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty cases were randomly divided into a treatment group and an observation group, 30 cases in each group. The observation group was treated with oral administration of amitriptyline, and the treatment group with oral administration of amitriptyline and herb-partitioned moxibustion at Dazhui (GV 14), Zhiyang (GV 9), Mingmen (GV 4), Shenshu (BL 23), Guanyuan (CV 4), Shenque (CV 8), and direct moxibustion at Baihui (GV 20). After treatment of one month, their clinical therapeutic effect, and changes of the number of pain points and the scores of VAS and the HAMD depression rating scale were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group and 56.7% in the observation group, the former being better than the latter (P<0.01). The scores of VAS and HAMD and the number of pain points after treatment in the treatment group were better than those before treatment (P<0.01); the score of HAMD and the number of pain points after treatment in the observation group were superior to those before treatment (P<0.01), and there was no significant difference in the score of VAS before and after treatment (P>0.05). After treatment, the score of HAMD and the number of pain points in the treatment group were significantly better than those in the observation group (P<0.01), and there was no significant difference between the two groups in the score of VAS (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The herb-partitioned moxibustion combined with medication is an effective therapy for fibromyalgia syndrome.</p>

Diagnostic value of lesion-directed prostate biopsy under TRUS in early detection of prostate cancer / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate lesion-directed biopsy in improving the detection rate of early prostate cancer (PCa) and in differentiating PCa from other prostate pathological changes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We performed TRUS-guided prostate biopsy for 95 patients suspected of PCa, each subjected to extended random biopsy plus lesion-directed biopsy, and analyzed the sonographic characteristics and pathological findings.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>PCa was detected in 35 of the patients (36.8%), including 16 hypoechoic (45.7%), 4 hyperechoic (11.4%), 10 isoechoic (28.6%) and 5 mixed hetero-echoic lesions (14.3%). Of the 35 PCa cases, 17 (46.2%) were within T2b, 70.6% (12/17) of which were detected by lesion-directed biopsy and 29.4% (5/17) by sextant biopsy, the former obviously higher than the latter (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Lesion-directed prostate biopsy under TRUS can significantly improve the early diagnosis of prostate cancer, increase convenience and reduce patients' pain, but is not sufficient to replace traditional sextant biopsy.</p>

Qualitative evaluation of thyroid nodules with gray-scale contrast-enhanced ultrasound / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the feasibility of gray-scale contrast-enhanced ultrasound for characterizing thyroid nodules.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty thyroid nodules from 35 patients were studied both by conventional techniques and gray-scale contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Of the nodules examined, 15 were benign and 25 malignant. The enhancement of echogenicity was evaluated. The diagnosis was confirmed by surgical biopsy and histopathological examination.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The study using gray-scale contrast-enhanced ultrasound showed absent contrast-enhancement in 9 of 25 malignant nodules and 1 of 11 benign solitary nodules; intense enhancement in 6 of 25 malignant nodules, with perfusion defect in the center; diffuse faint enhancement in 10 of 25 malignant nodules and 10 of 11 benign solitary nodules. Benign cystic nodules all showed absent enhancement in the cystic components and 2 of 4 intense enhancement in the solitary components.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Gray-scale contrast-enhanced ultrasonography imaging may be a useful tool for evaluating the perfusion of thyroid nodules. Solitary nodules showing absent enhancement or intense enhancement with absent enhancement in the nodular center may suggest malignant.</p>