Symptom scores of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and their response to different inhalation drug treatments / 中国医师杂志

Objective:To analyze the response of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with multiple and few symptoms to different inhalation drugs, including acute exacerbation and symptom changes.Methods:This study was a multi center, retrospective Cohort study. The subjects of this study were patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in stable stage in 12 hospitals in Hunan and Guangxi from December 2016 to February 2022. Demographics data, lung function, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Assessment test questionnaire (CAT) score, modified British Medical Research Council dyspnea questionnaire (mMRC) score and inhalation drug scheme of patients were collected. According to the CAT and mMRC scores, patients were divided into a multi symptom group (CAT≥10 points or mMRC≥2 points) or a few symptom group (CAT<10 points and mMRC<1 point); Subsequently, they were divided into four subgroups based on the inhalation drug regimen: long-acting anticholinergic drugs (LAMA) group, long-acting β2-receptor agonists (LABA)+ inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) group, LABA+ LAMA group, and LABA+ LAMA+ ICS group. All patients were followed up for 1 year, with minimum clinical improvement (MCID) defined as a decrease of ≥2 points in the patient′s CAT score at 6 months, and clinical symptom deterioration (CSD) defined as an increase of ≥2 points in the patient′s CAT score at 6 months.Results:A total of 929 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were included, including 719(77.4%) with multiple symptoms and 210(22.6%) with few symptoms. There was no statistically significant difference in MCID, CSD, acute exacerbation, hospitalization frequency, and mortality rate among subgroups of asymptomatic COPD patients treated with different inhalation drug regimens (all P>0.05). Among patients with multiple symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, compared to those who use LAMA or LABA+ ICS, those who used LABA+ LAMA or LABA+ LAMA+ ICS were more likely to obtain MCID and had a more significant improvement in CAT scores, and the risk of acute exacerbation is lower (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Lesser symptomatic COPD patients should receive single drug LAMA as the initial inhalation treatment drug, while multi symptomatic COPD patients should receive LABA+ LAMA as the initial inhalation treatment drug.

Danlou Tablet Improves Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia-Induced Dyslipidemia and Arteriosclerosis by HIF-1α-Angptl4 mRNA Signaling Pathway / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To detect whether Danlou Tablet (DLT) regulates the hypoxia-induced factor (HIF)-1α-angiopoietin-like 4 (Angptl4) mRNA signaling pathway and explore the role of DLT in treating chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH)-induced dyslipidemia and arteriosclerosis.@*METHODS@#The mature adipocytes were obtained from 3T3-L1 cell culturation and allocated into 8 groups including control groups (Groups 1 and 5, 0.1 mL of cell culture grade water); DLT groups (Groups 2 and 6, 0.1 mL of 1,000 µg/mL DLT submicron powder solution); dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG) groups (Groups 3 and 7, DMOG and 0.1 mL of cell culture grade water); DMOG plus DLT groups (Groups 4 and 8, DMOG and 0.1 mL of 1,000 µg/mL DLT submicron powder solution). Groups 1-4 used mature adipocytes and groups 5-8 used HIF-1 α-siRNA lentivirus-transfected mature adipocytes. After 24-h treatment, real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were employed to determine the mRNA and protein expression levels of HIF-1 α and Angptl4. In animal experiments, the CIH model in ApoE-/- mice was established. Sixteen mice were complete randomly divided into 4 groups including sham group, CIH model group [intermittent hypoxia and normal saline (2 mL/time) gavage once a day]; Angptl4 Ab group [intermittent hypoxia and Angptl4 antibody (30 mg/kg) intraperitoneally injected every week]; DLT group [intermittent hypoxia and DLT (250 mg/kg) once a day], 4 mice in each group. After 4-week treatment, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the expression levels of serum total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG). Hematoxylin-eosin and CD68 staining were used to observe the morphological properties of arterial plaques.@*RESULTS@#Angptl4 expression was dependent on HIF-1 α, with a reduction in mRNA expression and no response in protein level to DMOG or DLT treatment in relation to siHIF-1 α -transfected cells. DLT inhibited HIF-1 α and Angptl4 mRNA expression (P<0.05 or P<0.01) and reduced HIF-1 α and Angptl4 protein expressions with DMOG in mature adipocytes (all P<0.01), as the effect on HIF-1 α protein also existed in the presence of siHIF-1 α (P<0.01). ApoE-/- mice treated with CIH had increased TG and TC levels (all P<0.01) and atherosclerotic plaque. Angptl4 antibody and DLT both reduce TG and TC levels (all P<0.01), as well as reducing atherosclerotic plaque areas, narrowing arterial wall thickness and alleviating atherosclerotic lesion symptoms to some extent.@*CONCLUSION@#DLT had positive effects in improving dyslipidemia and arteriosclerosis by inhibiting Angptl4 protein level through HIF-1 α-Angptl4 mRNA signaling pathway.

Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder Based on Heart and Spleen / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Autism spectrum disorder （ASD） is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in childhood， whereas there is no specific medicine at present. There are more and more researches on the treatment of ASD with traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） which the curative effect is reliable. The heart and spleen are the main viscera for the treatment of ASD， but there is still a lack of in-depth analysis of the mechanism of TCM. In order to explore the relationship between the core symptoms of ASD and the heart and spleen， this article specifically explores the theoretical origins of the heart and the spleen in the formation of the core symptoms of ASD， and to clarify the role of the heart and spleen in the occurrence and development of the two core symptoms of ASD from the perspective of TCM. In view of social communication and communication obstacles， the author puts forward and explains the language problems of children with ASD based on the functions of the heart and spleen， the theory of the viscera， the ascription of the meridians， and the classics. The mechanism of the heart and spleen in TCM about the failure of the spleen， the loss of the heart， and the endogenous phlegm. Aiming at the mechanism of the stereotyped symptoms of abnormal behaviors in children with ASD， this paper proposes and explains the TCM mechanism of constant deficiency of the spleen and dereliction of duty， leading to loss of mind， heart and spleen injury， and finally a series of stereotypes and strange syndromes due to lack of spirit. Through the analysis and excavation of TCM theory， it explores theoretical basis for ASD from the theory of heart and spleen， with a view to preliminarily constructing the theoretical framework of TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment of the deficiency of both the heart and spleen， and provide theoretical reference for TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment of ASD. The treatment of ASD from the differentiation of symptoms and signs of the heart and spleen is supported by a strong theoretical basis of TCM， and the rationale， law and prescriptions are complete， which may be the direction of screening effective TCM prescriptions for the treatment of ASD in the future.

Effect of Elian Granule on Autophagy and PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway in Gastric Tissue of Rats with Gastric Cancer / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of Elian granule on autophagy and the phosphatidylinositol -3 kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （PKB/Akt）/mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） signaling pathway in gastric tissue of rats with gastric cancer. Method:SPF SD rats were randomly divided into the normal， model， Elian granule， and Weifuchun groups. In addition to the routine feeding in the normal group， the model， Elian granule， and Weifuchun groups received <italic>N</italic>-methyl-<italic>N</italic>'-nitro-<italic>N</italic>-nitrosoguanidine （MNNG） to induce gastric cancer in rats， and they were respectively given normal saline， Elian granule aqueous solution （3.240 g·kg^-1） and Weifuchun aqueous solution （0.390 g·kg^-1） by gavage （<italic>ig</italic>） for 48 weeks. The gross changes of the stomach taken by laparotomy were observed by naked eyes. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was performed to observe the histopathological changes of the gastric tissue in rats. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） and Western blot （WB） were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta （LC3B）， Beclin1， p62， PI3K， Akt， mTOR in rat gastric tissue. Result:Compared with the normal group， the model group showed gastric distension， thinner gastric wall， pale gastric mucosa， atrophied and flat folds， disordered course， and visible nodules and vegetations. Compared with the model group， the Elian granule group demonstrated alleviated gastric distension， dark gastric mucosa， reduced folds， and regular course， with the thinned gastric wall improved and granular nodules observed occasionally. According to HE staining， compared with the normal group， the model group showed crowded and disordered rat gastric glands， diverse in shape， varied cell morphology， basophilic cytoplasm， large irregular hyperchromatic nuclei， visible mitosis， and infiltrated and destroyed muscularis mucosae. While compared with the model group， the arrangement of gastric glands was regular， and a few mildly atypical cells could be observed in rats of the Elian granule group. Compared with the normal group， the model group exhibited decreased expression of LC3B and Beclin1 mRNA and protein in gastric tissue （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， and increased expression of PI3K， p62， Akt， and mTOR mRNA and protein （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. Compared with the model group， the Elian granule group showed increased expression of LC3B and Beclin1 mRNA and protein in gastric tissue （<italic>P<</italic>0.05）， and decreased expression of PI3K mRNA and p62， Akt， and mTOR mRNA and protein （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. Conclusion:Elian granule can improve the cell atypia of gastric tissue in rats with gastric cancer， and the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway to promote autophagy.

A six-herb Chinese medicine composition ointment as a promising candidate for treatment of hypertrophic scars / 中草药·英文版

Objective: To study the anti-hypertrophic scar effect of the six-herb Chinese medicine composition (SCMC) ointment on the rabbit ear hypertrophic scar models. Methods: The optimal formulation of SCMC ointment matrix was screened by the orthogonal designs and a series of evaluation tests. The SCMC ointment was prepared through emulsifying method. The rabbit ear hypertrophic scar models were established and used to investigate the anti-hypertrophic scar effect of SCMC ointment. Results: Our results demonstrated that all the quality control indications of the SCMC ointment met the requirements. Anti-hypertrophic scar activity results showed that all the rabbit ear scar tissues appeared different degrees of shrink and fading, and took an unobvious but palpable shift from hard to soft texture with the low, middle and high concentration SCMC ointments treatments in vivo. Additionally, on 21st day the scar area and thickness in different concentrations of SCMC ointment groups were significantly reduced than control group, in a concentration-dependent manner. The immunohistochemical results also indicated that the SCMC ointment had good anti-hypertrophic scar properties and could inhibit hypertrophic scar formation. Conclusion: The SCMC ointment could improve the blood circulation condition of hypertrophic scar tissues. Our research has demonstrated the Chinese medicine composition ointment with good anti-hypertrophic scar properties that could be used to treat hypertrophic scars. Meanwhile, it provides a theoretical basis for further clinical application.

Electroacupuncture alleviates inflammatory pain via adenosine suppression and its mediated substance P expression / A eletroacupuntura alivia a dor inflamatória por meio da supressão de adenosina e da expressão mediada de substância P

ABSTRACT Background: Acupuncture has been widely used for alleviating pain. However, its mechanisms remain largely enigmatic. Objective: In the present study, we focused on whether the analgesic effect of electroacupuncture is related to its regulation on adenosine and substance P expression. Methods: We established chronic inflammatory pain model in rats through a single injection of Complete Freund's Adjuvant, and then we treated animals using daily electroacupuncture. We applied seven bilateral sessions of electroacupuncture (ST36 and BL60, 0.5 to 1.5 mA, initial strength of 0.5 mA, increased by 0.5 mA every 10 minutes, for 30 minutes per session, one section per day) to Complete Freund's Adjuvant rats for seven days. The analgesic effect of electroacupuncture was evaluated by measuring paw withdrawal threshold in rats that received mechanical and thermal stimulation. Results: Daily electroacupuncture stimulation effectively increased paw withdrawal threshold in Complete Freund's Adjuvant rats. Electroacupuncture increased the adenosine level in zusanli. A further study showed that electroacupuncture could decrease substance P, neurokinin-1 receptor, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 and CD68 levels in dorsal root ganglion. Interestingly, direct injection of adenosine A1 or substance P receptor antagonists, or dorsal nerve root transection could significantly impair electroacupuncture induced analgesic actions in Complete Freund's Adjuvant rats could and reduce the levels of substance P, neurokinin-1 receptor, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 and CD68. Finally, we confirmed that direct injection of adenosine A1 receptor agonist replicated the analgesic effect of electroacupuncture. Conclusion: Our results indicate regulation of adenosine-mediated substance P secretion. Substance P-mediated pathway may be involved in the analgesia process by electroacupuncture in rats.

RESUMO Introdução: A acupuntura tem sido amplamente utilizada para alívio de dor. No entanto, seus mecanismos são muito pouco conhecidos. Objetivo: Investigar a relação entre o efeito analgésico da eletroacupuntura e a regulação da expressão de adenosina e de substância P. Métodos: Utilizou-se um modelo de dor inflamatória crônica em ratos por injeção única do Adjuvante Completo de Freund e, em seguida, os animais foram tratados com eletroacupuntura diariamente. Foram aplicadas sete sessões bilaterais de eletroacupuntura (ST36 e BL60, 0,5 a 1,5 mA, força inicial de 0,5 mA, aumentada em 0,5 mA a cada 10 minutos, 30 minutos por sessão, uma sessão por dia) em ratos com Adjuvante Completo de Freund, por sete dias. O efeito analgésico da eletroacupuntura foi avaliado pela medida do limiar de retirada da pata em ratos que receberam estimulações mecânica e térmica. Resultados: A estimulação diária com eletroacupuntura aumentou efetivamente o limiar de retirada da pata em ratos com Adjuvante Completo de Freund. A eletroacupuntura aumentou o nível de adenosina na região zusanli. Estudos posteriores mostraram que a eletroacupuntura poderia diminuir os níveis de substância P, receptor de neurocinina-1, fator de necrose tumoral-alpha, interleucina-1β, interleucina-6 e CD68 nos gânglios da raiz dorsal. Curiosamente, a injeção direta de antagonistas do receptor de adenosina A1 ou de substância P, ou a transecção da raiz do nervo dorsal, podem prejudicar significativamente as ações analgésicas induzidas pela eletroacupuntura em ratos com Adjuvante Completo de Freund e reduzir os níveis de substância P, receptor de neurocinina-1, fator de necrose tumoral-alfa, interleucina-1β, interleucina-6 e CD68. Por fim, confirmamos que a injeção direta de um agonista do receptor da adenosina A1 reproduziu os efeitos analgésicos da eletroacupuntura. Conclusão: Nossos resultados indicam a regulação da secreção da substância P mediada pela adenosina. A via mediada pela substância P pode estar envolvida no processo de analgesia por eletroacupuntura em ratos.

Progress in the study of the association between the lipid droplets and hepatitis C virus life cycle / 药学学报

Lipid droplets (LDs) are ubiquitous dynamic organelles that store and supply lipids in all eukaryotic and some prokaryotic cells for energy metabolism, membrane synthesis and production of essential lipid-derived molecules. There is increasing evidence that hepatitis C virus (HCV) has co-evolved due to its lack of lipid biosynthetic pathways to utilize host lipid metabolic pathways to establish a suitable environment for virus proliferation and obtain the necessary components, eventually promote the assembly and transportation of virus. In this review, we outline the relationship between HCV life cycle and lipid droplet biosynthesis and metabolism, with the aim to discover potential antiviral targets for development of new therapeutic interventions.

Effect of baicalin on growth state of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder animal model and its regulation on Ca MKⅡ and ERK1/2 / 中国中药杂志

The aim of this study was to observe the effect of baicalin on the growth state of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder animal model and its regulation on Ca MKⅡand ERK1/2.In the present study,a total of 40 SHR rats were randomly divided into model group,methylphenidate hydrochloride group,and low,medium,and high dose baicalin groups,with 8 rats in each group.Eight WKYrats were selected as a normal control group.The methylphenidate hydrochloride group(0.07 g·L~(-1))and the low(3.33 g·L~(-1)),medium(6.67 g·L~(-1)),and high dose(10 g·L~(-1))baicalin groups received corresponding drugs by gavage administration according to the body weight(0.015 m L·g~(-1)),while the normal group and the model group received the same volume of normal saline by gavage.Thegavage administration lasted for 4 weeks,twice a day.The body weight of the rats and the amount of remaining feed were weighed daily,and the growth state of the rats was statistically evaluated weekly.Percoll density gradient centrifugation was used to prepare brain synaptosomes and an electron microscope was used to observe their structures.The Ca MKⅡand ERK1/2 protein and mRNA expression levels were detected with Western blot and Real-time PCR methods,respectively.RESULTS: showed that baicalin did not affect the normal eating and weight gain of rats,and the weight gain of rats was even more significant than that in the normal group(P<0.05).In the study of its effects on Ca MKⅡand ERK1/2 protein expression in rat synaptosomes,the expression of both proteins in each drug-administered group was higher than that in the model group(P<0.05);besides,the expression levels of Ca MKⅡand ERK1/2 protein were significantly increased in both baicalin high dose group and the methylphenidate hydrochloride group(P<0.05).The relative expression of Ca MKⅡand ERK1/2 mRNA in synaptosome was detected by PCR.The results showed that medium and high doses of baicalin and methylphenidate hydrochloride significantly increased the relative expression of Ca MKⅡand ERK1/2 mRNA in synaptosomes of SHR rats(P<0.05).In conclusion,baicalin does not affect the normal growth and development of SHR rats,so it is safe for administration.Both baicalin and methylphenidate hydrochloride could up-regulate the relative expression of Ca MKⅡand ERK1/2 in mRNA and protein,and the pharmacodynamic stability of baicalin is in a dose-dependent manner to certain extent.

Observations on the Therapeutic Effect of Kinetic Rectification Acupuncture on Acute Facial Neuritis / 上海针灸杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of kinetic rectification acupuncture in treating acute facial neuritis. Method Sixty patients with acute facial neuritis were randomized to observation and control groups. The observation group received kinetic rectification acupuncture and the control group, conventional acupuncture alone. Acupuncture was given five times a week, five times as one course. The therapeutic effects were evaluated after three courses of treatment. Result The total efficacy rate was 93.3% in the observation group and 73.3% in the control group; there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). The latencies and amplitudes of the frontal muscle, orbicularis oculi muscle and quadrate muscle of upper lip improved in the two groups after treatment and had statistically significant pre-/post-treatment differences (P < 0.01). There were statistically significant differences in the pre-/post-treatment difference values of the latencies and amplitudes of the frontal muscle and orbicularis oculi muscle (P<0.01) and no statistically significant difference in the pre-/post-treatment difference values of the latency and amplitude of the quadrate muscle of upper lip (P>0.05) between the two groups. Conclusion Kinetic rectification acupuncture has a marked therapeutic effect on acute facial neuritis. This study provides a particular therapeutic method for clinical practice.

The effects of traditional Chinese medicine intervention among community-dwelling elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment / 中华护理杂志

Objective To explore the effects of health management intervention with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) characteristics among community-dwelling elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment(MCI).Methods A quasi-experimental study design was adopted,and 40 elderly patients with MCI were randomly selected from 2 communities in Zhang-jia-wan Neighborhood in Wuhan.A phased,step-by-step health management for communitydwelling elderly patients with MCI was implemented,which lasted four months.The content of health management intervention included guidance of basic disease knowledge,cognitive training,acupoint massage,exercise of TCM,emotion of TCM and lifestyle of TCM.Knowledge-Attitude-Practice scale and Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale were used before and after intervention.The results were analyzed by descriptive analysis,paired t test,x2 test and other statistical methods.Results There were significant differences in MoCA total score and scores of language,abstract and delayed recall dimensions(P＜0.05);differences of KAP total score,and scores of knowledge dimension and attitude dimension were statistically significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion Health management intervention with TCM characteristics can increase cognitive ability and KAP level among community-dwelling elderly patients with MCI.

Analysis and Enlightenment of Pricing and Reimbursement Mechanism of Medical Consumables in Japan and Australia / 中国卫生经济

With the promoting of medicine and health system reform,it provided new requirement for the price management of medical consumbles.Based on the current statns of medical consumbles price management in China,it studied the mechanism of pricing and reimbursement of Japan and Australia.To implement the price management mode of Chinese medical consumables through optimizing China medical service item package charging,playing the function of evidence-based evaluation and economic evaluation and establishing the supervision system of medical consumable prices.

Clinical Observation of Ling Gui Ba Fa Time-based Points Selection in Treating Diarrhea-predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome / 上海针灸杂志

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy betweenLing Gui Ba Fa (eight magic turtle techniques) time-based points selection method and ordinary acupuncture in treating diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) due to spleen-stomach deficiency.Method Sixty patients were randomized intoLing Gui Ba Fa group and ordinary acupuncture group, 30 cases each. InLing Gui Ba Fa group, Gongsun (SP4) was selected as the host point, Neiguan (PC6) as the guest point, and Dachangshu (BL25), Tianshu (ST25), Shangjuxu (ST37), Sanyinjiao (SP6), Pishu (BL20) and Zusanli (ST36) as the adjunctive points; in the ordinary acupuncture group, Gongsun and Neiguan were selected as the major points, and Dachangshu, Tianshu, Shangjuxu, Sanyinjiao, Pishu and Zusanli were selected as the adjunctive points. The acupuncture treatments were conducted 3 times a week (the practitioner would make appointment with patient at a convenient time if Gongsun had multiple activation time points according toLing Gui Ba Fa), 10 sessions as a course of treatment. Before and after the intervention, the two groups of patients were evaluated by using the traditional Chinese medicine symptoms and syndromes scale and irritable bowel syndrome quality of life questionnaire (IBS-QOL), and clinical efficacy was also observed.Result The control rate was 86.7% inLing Gui Ba Fa group versus 73.3% in the ordinary acupuncture group, and the therapeutic efficacy ofLing Gui Ba Fa group was significantly better than that of the ordinary acupuncture group (P<0.01); after the treatment, the scores in rating symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal bloating and abdominal pain were significantly lower than those before the treatment in both groups (P<0.01), and the declines of scores inLing Gui Ba Fa group were more significant than those in the ordinary acupuncture group (P<0.01).ConclusionLing Gui Ba Fa time-based points selection method can produce a more significant efficacy than ordinary acupuncture in treating irritable bowel syndrome.

Clinical Observation of Ling Gui Ba Fa Time-based Points Selection in Treating Diarrhea-predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome / 上海针灸杂志

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy betweenLing Gui Ba Fa (eight magic turtle techniques) time-based points selection method and ordinary acupuncture in treating diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) due to spleen-stomach deficiency.Method Sixty patients were randomized intoLing Gui Ba Fa group and ordinary acupuncture group, 30 cases each. InLing Gui Ba Fa group, Gongsun (SP4) was selected as the host point, Neiguan (PC6) as the guest point, and Dachangshu (BL25), Tianshu (ST25), Shangjuxu (ST37), Sanyinjiao (SP6), Pishu (BL20) and Zusanli (ST36) as the adjunctive points; in the ordinary acupuncture group, Gongsun and Neiguan were selected as the major points, and Dachangshu, Tianshu, Shangjuxu, Sanyinjiao, Pishu and Zusanli were selected as the adjunctive points. The acupuncture treatments were conducted 3 times a week (the practitioner would make appointment with patient at a convenient time if Gongsun had multiple activation time points according toLing Gui Ba Fa), 10 sessions as a course of treatment. Before and after the intervention, the two groups of patients were evaluated by using the traditional Chinese medicine symptoms and syndromes scale and irritable bowel syndrome quality of life questionnaire (IBS-QOL), and clinical efficacy was also observed.Result The control rate was 86.7% inLing Gui Ba Fa group versus 73.3% in the ordinary acupuncture group, and the therapeutic efficacy ofLing Gui Ba Fa group was significantly better than that of the ordinary acupuncture group (P<0.01); after the treatment, the scores in rating symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal bloating and abdominal pain were significantly lower than those before the treatment in both groups (P<0.01), and the declines of scores inLing Gui Ba Fa group were more significant than those in the ordinary acupuncture group (P<0.01).ConclusionLing Gui Ba Fa time-based points selection method can produce a more significant efficacy than ordinary acupuncture in treating irritable bowel syndrome.

Effect of baicalin on ATPase and LDH and its regulatory effect on the AC/cAMP/PKA signaling pathway in rats with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of baicalin on synaptosomal adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and its regulatory effect on the adenylate cyclase (AC)/cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway in rats with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 40 SHR rats were randomly divided into five groups: ADHD model, methylphenidate hydrochloride treatment (0.07 mg/mL), and low-dose (3.33 mg/mL), medium-dose (6.67 mg/mL), and high-dose (10 mg/mL) baicalin treatment (n=8 each). Eight WKY rats were selected as normal control group. Percoll density gradient centrifugation was used to prepare brain synaptosomes and an electron microscope was used to observe their structure. Colorimetry was used to measure the activities of ATPase and LDH in synaptosomes. ELISA was used to measure the content of AC, cAMP, and PKA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the normal control group, the ADHD model group had a significant reduction in the ATPase activity, a significant increase in the LDH activity, and significant reductions in the content of AC, cAMP, and PKA (P<0.05). Compared with the ADHD model group, the methylphenidate hydrochloride group and the medium- and high-dose baicalin groups had a significant increase in the ATPase activity (P<0.05), a significant reduction in the LDH activity (P<0.05), and significant increases in the content of AC, cAMP, and PKA (P<0.05). Compared with the methylphenidate hydrochloride group, the high-dose baicalin group had significantly greater changes in these indices (P<0.05). Compared with the low-dose baicalin group, the high-dose baicalin group had a significant increase in the ATPase activity (P<0.05); the medium- and high-dose baicalin groups had a significant reduction in the LDH activity (P<0.05) and significant increases in the content of AC, cAMP, and PKA (P<0.05). Compared with the medium-dose baicalin group, the high-dose baicalin group had a significant increase in the ATPase activity (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Both methylphenidate hydrochloride and baicalin can improve synaptosomal ATPase and LDH activities in rats with ADHD. The effect of baicalin is dose-dependent, and high-dose baicalin has a significantly greater effect than methylphenidate hydrochloride. Baicalin exerts its therapeutic effect possibly by upregulating the AC/cAMP/PKA signaling pathway.</p>

Effect of baicalin on behavioral characteristics of rats with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of baicalin on the behavioral characteristics of rats with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and to provide a basis for further research on baicalin in the treatment of ADHD.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 40 SHR rats were randomly divided into model group, methylphenidate hydrochloride (MPH) group, and low-, medium-, and high-dose baicalin groups, with 8 rats in each group. Eight WKY rats were selected as normal control group. The rats in the MPH group (0.07 mg/mL) and the low- (3.33 mg/mL), medium- (6.67 mg/mL), and high-dose (10 mg/mL) baicalin groups were given the corresponding drugs (1.5 mL/100 g) by gavage twice a day, and those in the normal control group and the model group were given an equal volume of normal saline by gavage twice a day. The course of treatment was 4 weeks for all groups. The open field test was performed to observe total moving distance and average moving speed on day 0 of experiment and at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after gavage and to evaluate the control effects of drugs on hyperactivity and impulsive behavior. The Morris water maze test was used to observe the latency, time spent in the target quadrant, and number of platform crossings and to evaluate the effects of drugs on attention.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The open field test showed that the model group and the drug treatment groups had a significantly longer total moving distance and a significantly higher average moving speed than the normal control group on day 0 (P<0.05). On day 7, the MPH group had significant reductions in total moving distance and average moving speed compared with the model group (P<0.05). On day 14, the MPH group and the high-dose baicalin group had significant reductions in total moving distance and average moving speed compared with the model group (P<0.05). The data on days 21 and 28 showed that compared with the model group, the low-, medium-, and high-dose baicalin groups had gradual reductions in total moving distance and average moving speed (P<0.05). The water maze test showed that compared with the model group, the MPH group and the medium- and high-dose baicalin groups had a significantly longer time spent in the target quadrant (P<0.05), and the MPH group and the high-dose baicalin group had a significantly higher proportion of the moving distance in the target quadrant in total moving distance (P<0.05). The high-dose baicalin group had the highest number of platform crossings among all groups (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Both baicalin and MPH can regulate the motor ability and learning and memory abilities of SHR rats with ADHD and thus control the core symptoms of ADHD, i.e., hyperactivity, impulsive behavior, and inattention. Baicalin exerts its effect in a dose-dependent manner, and high-dose baicalin has the most significant effect, but compared with MPH, it needs a longer time to play its therapeutic effect.</p>

Study on associated plants and spatial distribution pattern of Dipsacus asperoides populations / 中国中药杂志

In order to understand the associated species and the population distribution pattern, the investigation of 32 sample plotsfrom the main natural distribution area in Dipsacus asperoides community was carried by quadrat method .The results showed that there were 156 species, which belong to 131 genera and 60 families. There were more species in the two dominant families, Asteraceae and Rosaceae. There were many types of associated, but most appeared at a low frequency. The vegetation type were mostly herbaceous and shrub species, which accounted for 77.6% of the total species. The value of t was greater than t0.05 by methods of variance/mean, showed the difference was significant and the distribution pattern of D. asperoides were cluster distribution. The determination results of seven aggregation intensity index also showed that D. asperoides population accorded with the characteristics of cluster distribution（C>1，K>0，Ca>0，m*>1，m*/m>1，I>0，GI>0）.

Enhanced recovery after preserving the left colonic artery during laparoscopic anterior resection for rectal cancer / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the postoperative outcomes of preserving the left colonic artery during laparoscopic anterior resection for rectal cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinicopathologic data of 91 rectal cancer patients (pathologic Stage II) undergoing laparoscopic anterior resection was retrospectively analyzed. During the surgeries, the left colonic artery was preserved in 40 patients (preserved group) and ligated in 51 patients (unpreserved group). The operating time, intraoperative blood loss, time to first flatus and defecation, duration of postoperative abdominal distension and pain, number of retrieved lymph nodes, ileum fistulation and anatomical leakage rate were compared between the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The surgeries were completed in all the 91 patients laparoscopically without conversion. There was no intraoperative complications including rectal perforation, injury to vessel or ureter in either group. The operating time, blood loss and number of retrieved lymph nodes were similar between the groups (P>0.05). Three patients in preserved group and 5 in ligation group received preventive ileum fistulation due to low rectal cancer. Anatomical leakage occurred in three patients of unpreserved group. The average duration of postoperative abdominal distension and pain was 2.14∓0.35 days in preserved group and 3.15∓0.42 days in ligation group. The time to first flatus and defecation was 37.15∓12.62 h and 3.16∓0.52 days in preserved group and 62.25∓11.75 h and 4.25∓0.75 days in ligation group. Postoperative hospital stay was 4.54∓0.42 days in preserved group and 6.23∓0.51 days in ligation group. Total hospitalization cost in the two groups was 34 525.32∓1206.36 Yuan and 41 215∓1051.32 Yuan, respectively. Significant differences were found the in duration of postoperative abdominal distension and pain, postoperative hospital stay, and total cost between the two groups (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>During laparoscopic anterior resection for rectal cancer, preserving the left colonic artery effectively ensures the blood supply to the anastomosis and the remaining descending colon to promote the recovery of the patients after surgery.</p>

Functional Variant of C-689T in the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ2 Promoter is Associated with Coronary Heart Disease in Chinese Nondiabetic Han People / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

Objective To investigate the association between the polymorphism of C-689T in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ2 (PPARγ2) promoter and coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods This case-controlled study was conducted in nondiabetic Chinese Han people, which enrolled 455 patients with CHD (cases) and 693 subjects without CHD (controls). Data of clinical indexes were collected, including height, body weight, waist circumstance, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), smoking, drinking, physical activity, as well as body mass index (BMI). Fasting blood glucose (FBG), plasma total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels were measured. Polymerase chain reaction-restricted fragments length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to determine the PPARγ2 promoter C-689→T substitution. The genotype distribution of PPARγ2 promoter C-689T, allelic frequency, clinical indexes, and laboratorial measurements were compared between the two groups. The effect of genotype on the risk of CHD was assessed using univariate and multivariate regression model. Results The genotype frequencies of CC, CT and TT in PPARγ2 promoter C-689T were 89.7%, 9.9% and 0.4% in the case group, and 93.1%, 6.6% and 0.3% in the control group, respectively (CC vs. CT+TT, χ= 6.243, P=0.041). Carriers of -689T allele (n=95) had significantly higher TC level than non-carriers (n=1053) (5.12±1.26 vs. 4.76±1.22 mmol/L, P=0.001). Male carriers of -689T allele (n=51) were significantly higher in waist circumference, body weight, TC and TG than male non-carriers (n=656) (all P<0.05). In subjects whose BMI was over 25 kg/m, carriers of -689T allele (n=82) had significantly higher levels of waist circumference, BMI, SBP and TC than non-carriers (n=231) (all p<0.05). The -689T allele was an independent risk factor for CHD (OR=1.668, 95%CI: 1.031-2.705, P=0.037) after adjusting for age, gender, waist circumference, body weight, BMI, smoking, physical activities, SBP, DBP, FBG, TC and TG level. Conclusion These data support the hypothesis that the -689T allele is associated with an increased risk of CHD, in Chinese Han people and correlates significantly with the profiles of CHD-related risk factors.

Current situation on the China infectious disease automated-alert and response system in Guangdong Province, China / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the current situation on China Infectious Disease Automated-alert and Response System (CIDARS) in Guangdong province, China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Early-warning signals and response time were analyzed by using three approaches of CIDARS. Positive rates of early-warning signals and error early-warning rates prior and after the adjustment,were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Totally, 114 585 early-warning signals appeared, with an average response time of 1.35 hours from April 21, 2008 to December 31, 2012. There were 12,394 early-warning signals in terms of fixed threshold method with a positive rate of 7.96%. 85 727 early-warning signals appeared under the mobile percentile method with a positive rate of 0.85%. There were 16,464 early-warning signals by using accumulation and control chart methods,with a positive rate of 1.82%. Results showed there was a positive correlation between the number of reported cases and the number of early-warning signals (r = 0.924, P < 0.01). The overall positive rate in Guangdong province increased from 1.48% to 2.14%, after the adjustment done by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention in 2010. The error early-warning rates regarding eight infectious diseases including hepatitis A, bacillary or amebic dysentery, both typhoid and paratyphoid fevers had reduced.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The early-warning signal response appeared timely in CIDARS with good operation. However, despite the improvement on the efficacy of CIDARS, some functions and parameters of the systems still need to be adjusted.</p>

Study on treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: based on relationship between heart and intestines / 中国针灸

The article puts forward the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome through regulating heart vitality since it is held that the pathological factors of the disease lay in dysfunction of heart and intestines as well as disorder of qi circulation. At the same time, the internal-external relationship between the heart the small intestine is discussed from the theory of Brain-gut Axis in modern medicine, which provides theoretical base of modern medicine for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome through regulation of the heart functions.