Adenocarcinoma primario de unión ileocutánea / Primary adenocarcinoma of ileo-cutaneous junction

El adenocarcinoma de intestino delgado es una patología poco frecuente, y menos aún de la unión ileocutánea. Tener una ileostomía en el contexto de una cirugía por enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal se ha descrito dentro de los factores predisponentes. Se reporta un caso de adenocarcinoma de unión ileocutánea 34 años posterior a panproctocolectomía por colitis ulcerosa. Se discute la presentación, estudio y posterior tratamiento quirúrgico, además de breve revisión de la literatura.

Small bowel adenocarcinoma is a rare disease, and even more of the ileo-cutaneous junction. Having an end-ileostomy after surgery for inflammatory bowel disease has been described among the predisposing factors. A case of ileo-cutaneous junction carcinoma is reported 34 years after total proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis. We discuss the clinical presentation, diagnostic studies, and treatment, including a brief review.

Use of aerobic treadmill exercises on nerve regeneration after sciatic nerve injury in spontaneously hypertensive rats

Purpose: Various postoperative protocols have been proposed to improve outcomes and accelerate nerve regeneration. Recently, the use of physical exercise in a post-surgical neurorraphy procedure has shown good results when started early. We experimentally investigated the hypothesis that post-operative exercise speeds up results and improves clinical and morphologic parameters. Methods: Isogenic rats were randomly divided into four groups: 1 SHAM; 2 SHAM submitted to the exercise protocol (EP); 3 Grafting of the sciatic nerve; and 4 Grafting of the sciatic nerve associated with the EP. The EP was based on aerobic activities with a treadmill, with a progressive increase in time and intensity during 6 weeks. The results were evaluated by the sciatic functional index (SFI), morphometric and morphologic analysis of nerve distal to the lesion, and the number of spinal cord motor neurons, positive to the marker Fluoro-Gold (FG), captured retrogradely through neurorraphy. Results: Functional analysis (SFI) did not show a statistical difference between the group grafted with (­50.94) and without exercise (-65.79) after 90 days. The motoneurons count (Spinal cord histology) also showed no diference between these groups (834.5 × 833 respectively). Although functionally there is no difference between these groups, morphometric study showed a greater density (53.62) and larger fibers (7.762) in GRAFT group. When comparing both operated groups with both SHAM groups, all values were much lower. Conclusions: The experimental model that this aerobic treadmill exercises protocol did not modify nerve regeneration after sciatic nerve injury and repair with nerve graft.

Transfusão sanguínea em artroplastia de quadril: a curva laboratorial hemática deve ser o único preditor da necessidade de transfusão? / Blood transfusion in hip arthroplasty: a laboratory hematic curve must be the single predictor of the need for transfusion?

Objetivo: verificar se a curva laboratorial hemática deve ser o único preditor de transfusão sanguínea pós-operatória em artroplastia total de quadril (ATQ). Métodos: amostras laboratoriais sanguíneas de 78 pacientes consecutivos submetidos à ATQ foram analisadas em cinco em períodos distintos (um pré-operatório e quatro pós-operatórios). Verificou-se a contagem de hemoglobina, hematócrito e plaquetas desses pacientes. Foram analisadas características antropométricas e comportamentais e comorbidades referentes à amostra, para verificação de fatores de risco associados à prática transfusional. Os indivíduos do estudo foram divididos em dois grupos: aqueles que receberam transfusão sanguínea foram alocados no Grupo 1 (G1) e os que não a receberam, no Grupo 2 (G2). As condutas transfusionais respaldaram-se dos critérios da Academia Americana de Anestesiologia e da Sociedade Britânica de Hematologia. Resultados: receberam transfusão de hemoderivados 27 (34,6%) pacientes. As análises das curvas de hemoglobina, hematócrito e plaquetas entre o G1 e o G2 nas cinco visitas distintas foram similares (p > 0,05). Todos os fatores de risco analisados, com exceção da etnia, não apresentaram repercussões nos índice de transfusão em suas análises com valor p > 0,05. A soma das comorbidades clínicas associadas aos pacientes no G1 foi mediana de 3 (IC 95% 2,29-3,40), enquanto no G2 a mediana foi 2 (IC 95% 1,90-2,61) com valor p = 0,09. Conclusão: a curva hemática apresenta confiabilidade limitada quando usada como parâmetro exclusivo e absoluto. A existência de pacientes tolerantes às variações da curva hematimétrica pressupõe que as suas avaliações de caráter clínico, funcional e de ...

Objective: to determine whether the laboratory hematic curve must be the single predictor of postoperative blood transfusion in total hip arthroplasty. Methods: the laboratory blood samples of 78 consecutive patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty was analyzed during five distinct moments: one preoperative and four postoperative. There was a count of hemoglobin, hematocrit and platelets of the patients samples. Other catalogued variables ascertain possible risk factors related to transfusional practice. They characterized the anthropometric, behavioral and co morbidities data in this population. The study subjects were divided and categorized into two groups: those who received blood transfusion during or after surgery (Group 1, G1), and those who did not accomplish blood transfusion (Group 2, G2). Transfusion rules were lead by guidelines of American Academy of Anesthesiology and the British Society of Hematology. Results: a total of 27 (34.6%) patients received blood transfusions. The curves of hemoglobin, hematocrit and platelet transfusions between G1 and G2 were similar (p > 0.05). None of the analyzed risk factors modified the rate of transfusion rate in their analysis with p value > 0.05, except the race. The sum of clinical co morbidities associated with patients in G1 was a median of 3 (95% CI 2.29-3.40), while in G2 the median was 2 (95% CI 1.90-2.61) with p = 0.09. Conclusion: the curve in red blood cells has limited reliability when used as sole parameter. The existence of tolerant patients hematimetric curve variations assumes that their assessments of clinical, functional evaluation and co-morbidities are parameters that should influence the decision to transfusion red blood cells. .

Factitious lesions of the hand / Lesao facticia na mao

OBJECTIVE: The presence of a lesion with atypical presentation, obscure clinical history, which does not improve with classic treatments, shall raise the red flag of the medical team. In such cases, the hypothesis of a factitious lesion shall be considered. Many times the correct diagnosis on the initial assessment may avoid high-cost diagnostic tests, unnecessary treatments, and time consumption of the medical team. We present here two classic cases of factitious lesions that, similar to those described in the literature, is difficult to diagnose and difficult to treat. .

OBJETIVO: A presença de lesão com apresentação atípica, história clínica indefinida, que não melhora com tratamentos clássicos, deve colocar a equipe médica em alerta. Nesses casos, a hipótese de lesão factícia tem de ser levada em conta. Muitas vezes o diagnóstico correto na avaliação inicial pode evitar a realização de testes diagnósticos de alto custo, tratamentos desnecessários e desgaste da equipe médica. Por meio da apresentação de dois casos clássicos de lesão factícia na mão mostramos que, assim como descrito na literatura, tal patologia é de difícil diagnóstico e tratamento. .

Vólvulo del colon transverso / [Tranverse colon volvulus].

The volvulus of the colon is a relatively common cause of colonic obstruction, mainly in the sigmoid colon, less frequent in the caecum, and rarely in the transverse colon. Multidetector tomography (MDCT) is able to establish the diagnosis showing dilated loops of proximal right and transverse colon, which depend on the time scale of evolution, with an abrupt transition site at the splenic flexure and a secondary torsion of the transverse colon mesentery. Volvulus of the transverse requires surgical detorsion in adults. Among the therapeutic options, simple detorsion or detorsion associated with a colopexy are included, but both have high rates of recurrence compared to resection techniques. Surgical resection of the involved segment is required prior to gangrene and perforation. Resection with or without primary anastomosis is the treatment of choice and prevents recurrence. The transverse colon volvulus is a disease of very low frequency and clinical diagnosis may be difficult. The management remains controversial. We stress that although many surgeons will never see a case of transverse colon volvulus, it should be considered as a differential diagnosis of intermittent abdominal pain or acute intestinal obstruction.

Awareness of stroke risk factors and warning signs in southern Brazil / Avaliação de fatores de risco de doença cerebrovascular no sul do Brasil

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the knowledge about stroke in Caxias do Sul. METHOD: A closed-ended, self-administered questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge about stroke among residents of Caxias do Sul. In order to verify variables associated to lack of knowledge we defined three main end points: (1) the inability to recognize that stroke is a disease that affects the brain; (2) insufficient knowledge of risk factors; (3) insufficient knowledge of signs and symptoms of acute stroke. RESULTS: A total of 952 subjects answered the questionnaire. Lower income and lower educational level were independent factors associated to inability to recognize that stroke affects the brain. Lower income and being under 50 years old were independent risk factors to lack of knowledge concerning stroke risk factors. Lower educational level was the unique risk factor for insufficient knowledge about stroke warning signs. CONCLUSION: There is a lack of knowledge about stroke in Caxias do Sul. People with lower socioeconomic status and lower education level should be the targets of educational campaigns.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o conhecimento sobre doença cerebrovascular em Caxias do Sul. MÉTODO: Um questionário auto-administrado, com questões objetivas, foi utilizado para avaliar o conhecimento sobre doença cerebrovascuar em residentes de Caxias do Sul. A fim de verificar as variáveis associadas à falta de conhecimento, definiram-se três principais desfechos: (1) incapacidade de reconhechecer que o derrame é uma doença que afeta o cérebro; (2) conchecimento insuficiente sobre fatores de risco; (3) conhecimeto insuficiente sobre sinais e sintomas de acidente vascular encefálico. RESULTADOS: Um total de 952 sujeitos responderam o questionário. Menor renda e menor nível socioeconômico foram fatores independentes associados à incapacidade de reconhecer que derrame afeta o cérebro. Menor renda e ter menos que 50 anos de idade foram fatores independentes associados à conchecimento insuficiente sobre fatores de risco para doença cerebrovasculas. Menor nível educacional foi o único fator de risco independente associado à conhecimento insuficiente sobre sinais de alerta do acidente vascular encefálico. CONCLUSÃO: Há uma lacuna de conhecimento sobre doença cerebrovascular em Caxias do Sul. Pessoas com menor nível socioeconômico e menor nível educaional deveriam ser o alvo para campanhas educacionais.

Percepções sobre epilepsia no decorrer do curso de Medicina / Perceptions on epilepsy during the Medicine course

Introdução: Estudos que qualificam noções de epilepsia na sociedade demonstram que as pessoas com melhor conhecimento acerca da doença são as que apresentam menos atitudes negativas para com os pacientes. O médico é o principal vetor de informação sobre saúde na sociedade. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a percepção de estudantes de Medicina sobre epilepsia nas diferentes etapas do curso. Metodologia: Estudo transversal através de questionários sobre epilepsia aplicados a 154 acadêmicos do curso de Medicina da Universidade de Caxias do Sul. Foi utilizado o teste qui-quadrado para comparação das respostas entre as fases do curso (inicial, 1º ao 4º semestre; intermediária, 5º ao 9º; final, 10º ao 12º). Resultados: A maioria dos alunos (95,5%) já ouviu ou leu sobre epilepsia e conhece alguém com diagnóstico de epilepsia (63,6%). Quanto às causas propostas no questionário, quase 80% dos acadêmicos assinalaram doenças cerebrais. Entretanto, aproximadamente 30% apontaram doença mental como causa de epilepsia. Apesar de 95% reconhecerem o tratamento farmacológico, apenas 38% relacionou cirurgia como terapêutica. A maioria (93,5%) não acredita que os portadores de epilepsia costumam apresentar doença psiquiátrica severa. Além disso, 88,3% dos voluntários empregariam e 81,8% se casariam com alguém com epilepsia. Nenhum aluno rotula a epilepsia como contagiosa. Conclusões: Poucas diferenças foram observadas nas respostas entre as diferentes etapas do curso de Medicina. O estudante de Medicina possui razoável conhecimento sobre epilepsia, embora existam idéias errôneas sobre o tema entre eles (AU)

Introduction: Studies qualifying epilepsy notions in society show that people with better knowledge about the disease are the ones that present less negative attitudes towards these patients. Physicians are the main providers of health information in society. The objective of this study was to evaluate medical students perception on epilepsy at different stages of the medical course. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study conducted through questionnaires on epilepsy responded by 154 medical undergraduates of the Universidade de Caxias do Sul. The Chi square test was used to compare the answers between the three phases of the course (initial, 1st to 4th semester; intermediate, 5th to 9th semester; and final, 10th to 12th semester). Results: Most of the students reported that (95,5%) they had already heard or read about epilepsy and that they know somebody with epilepsy (63,6%). As for the causes proposed in the questionnaire, almost 80% of the students marked cerebral diseases. However, approximately 30% pointed mental disease as a cause of epilepsy. Although 95% of the respondents acknowledged the pharmacological treatment, only 38% reported surgery as a treatment option. Most (93,5%) of these undergraduates did not believe that epilepsy patients present a severe psychiatric disease. Moreover, 88,3% of the students would employ and 81,8% would marry someone with epilepsy. None of the students labeled epilepsy as contagious. Conclusions: Few differences were found in the answers across the different stages of the medical course. Medical students have reasonable knowledge on epilepsy, even though some erroneous ideas do exist among them (AU)

Awareness, attitudes and perceptions on epilepsy in Southern Brazil

OBJECTIVE: To verify awareness and attitudes toward epilepsy in Southern Brazil. METHOD: A questionnaire about familiarity with the disease, awareness and attitudes toward epileptics was applied to 832 inhabitants of Caxias do Sul. The answers were analyzed in three different groups: G1, non-university students; G2, university students up to the second year; and G3, university students with more than two years education and university graduates. RESULTS: University students and graduates are better informed regarding causes and treatment of epilepsy. Moreover, those interviewees present less negative attitudes toward epileptics. However, a large part of that group lacks some basic information on the disease. CONCLUSION: There is lack of information on epilepsy among Brazilians. Education campaigns should be carried out in order to clarify some aspects concerning epilepsy.

OBJETIVO: Verificar o conhecimento e as atitudes sobre epilepsia na população de Caxias do Sul. MÉTODO: Foi aplicado um questionário sobre familiaridade com a doença, conhecimentos e atitudes diante de um portador de epilepsia a 832 moradores da cidade. As respostas foram analisadas em três grupos distintos: G1, não-universitários; G2, universitários até o segundo ano; e G3, universitários com mais de dois anos e graduados. RESULTADOS: Os universitários e graduados possuem melhor conhecimento sobre causas e tratamento da epilepsia. Além disso, esses entrevistados apresentam menos atitudes negativas para com o portador de epilepsia. Entretanto, uma boa parte desse grupo apresenta falta de alguns conhecimentos básicos sobre a doença. CONCLUSÃO: Há falta de informação à população brasileira sobre epilepsia. Campanhas educacionais devem ser realizadas no intuito de desmistificar alguns aspectos concernentes à epilepsia.