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1.
Afr. J. Clin. Exp. Microbiol ; 23(4): 358-368, 2022. tables
Artigo em Inglês | AIM | ID: biblio-1396680

RESUMO

Background: The family Enterobacteriaceae belongs to the order Enterobacterales, a large diverse group of Gramnegative, facultatively anaerobic bacteria that sometimes cause multidrug-resistant infections which treatment options are often challenging. They are the leading cause of nosocomial bloodstream infection (BSI) and urinary tract infections (UTI). The objective of the study was to carry out a point-prevalence survey of antimicrobial resistance and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) clinical isolates in two hospitals in Kuwait and Nigeria. Methodology: Clinically significant bacterial isolates of patients from Kuwait and Nigeria, identified by VITEK-2 and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry analysis were studied. Susceptibility testing of selected antibiotics was performed using E-test and broth dilution methods. Genes encoding carbapenemase, ß-lactamases, and extended-spectrum ßlactamases (ESBLs) were detected by conventional PCR and sequencing, and whole genome sequencing (WGS) analyses. Results: Of 400 isolates from Kuwait and Nigeria, 188 (47.0%) and 218 (54.5%) were Escherichia coli and 124 (31.0%) and 116 (29.0%) Klebsiella pneumoniae, respectively. The prevalence of CRE was 14.0% in Kuwait and 8.0% in Nigeria. The resistance rates of CRE isolates against colistin and tigecycline in Kuwait were 6.6% versus 25.0%, and in Nigeria were 14.2% versus 14.2%, respectively. blaOXA-181 gene was the commonest in CRE isolates in Kuwait and blaNDM-7 in Nigeria. The commonest ESBL gene among the CRE isolates was blaCTX-M-15 in both countries. AmpC resistance genes were present in only Kuwait isolates and mediated by blaEBC, blaCIT and blaDHA. WGS analysis of 12 selected CRE isolates with carbapenem MICs>32µg/ml but no detectable genes from conventional PCR, revealed the presence of multidrug efflux pump genes such as major facilitator superfamily antibiotic efflux pump and resistance-nodulation-cell division antibiotic efflux pump groups. Conclusion: The prevalence of CRE was higher among isolates from Kuwait than Nigeria and the genes encoding resistance in CRE were different. The presence of efflux pump was a main mechanism of resistance in most of the Nigerian CRE isolates.


Assuntos
Humanos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Fator 2 Ativador da Transcrição , Prevalência , Kuweit
2.
Afr. J. Clin. Exp. Microbiol ; 23(4): 426-436, 2022. tables
Artigo em Inglês | AIM | ID: biblio-1396798

RESUMO

Contexte: L'émergence et la montée en puissance des infections causées par des isolats d'entérobactéries ultrarésistantes (XDR) et pandrug-résistantes (PDR) constituent un sérieux défi clinique et de santé publique. L'isolement de bactéries Gram-négatives PDR (GNB) en milieu clinique est très rare et plus rare est l'infection causée par XDR GNB. En dehors des options thérapeutiques restreintes, ces infections sont associées à une augmentation de la mortalité et de la morbidité. Des études urgentes pour réévaluer les options thérapeutiques existantes et la recherche de nouvelles molécules antibiotiques sont désespérément nécessaires. Les objectifs de cette étude étaient de signaler l'émergence d'infections à CRE multirésistantes (MDR), difficiles à menacer, rarement rencontrées dans notre hôpital et d'enquêter sur leur épidémiologie moléculaire. Méthodologie: Il s'agissait d'une analyse observationnelle rétrospective de six patients atteints d'infections graves causées par des isolats d'entérobactéries XDR et PDR à l'hôpital universitaire Mubarak AL Kabeer, Jabriya, Koweït, sur une période d'un an et demi. Les mécanismes de résistance de ces isolats ont ensuite été étudiés de manière prospective par caractérisation moléculaire et études génomiques. Résultats: La majorité des infections ont été causées par Klebsiella pneumoniae (83,3%, 5/6) et une (16,6%) a été causée par Escherichia coli. Trois patients avaient une infection du sang (BSI), un avait à la fois une BSI et une infection des voies urinaires (UTI), un avait une infection des voies respiratoires et le dernier avait une UTI. Deux patients ont été infectés par des producteurs d'OXA-48, un patient a été infecté par un producteur de NDM-1, un patient a été infecté par un producteur de NDM-5, un patient a été infecté par un producteur de NDM-1 et d'OXA-48 et le dernier patient a été infecté avec le producteur NDM-5 et OXA-181. Pour un traitement définitif, tous les patients ont reçu une thérapie combinée. Le taux de mortalité était élevé (50.0%). Conclusion: Le taux de mortalité élevé associé aux infections XDR et PDR Enterobacterales et les options antimicrobiennes limitées pour le traitement soulignent la nécessité d'améliorer la détection de ces infections, l'identification de mesures préventives efficaces et le développement de nouveaux agents avec une efficacité clinique fiable contre elles.


Assuntos
Humanos , Infecção Hospitalar , Genes MDR , Infecções , Kuweit
3.
Indian J Med Microbiol ; 2011 Apr-June; 29(2): 130-135
Artigo em Inglês | IMSEAR | ID: sea-143795

RESUMO

Objective: This study reports an outbreak of Klebsiella pneumoniae infections in 14 patients during a 2-month period (August-September, 2008) in the intensive care unit (ICU) of a teaching hospital in Kuwait. Materials and Methods: The clinical sources were blood (9), urine (3) and respiratory secretions (2) identified by the automated VITEK-2 ID System. Susceptibility testing was performed by the E-test method. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production was assessed using the ESBL E-test and confirmed by PCR. Carriage of bla genes was determined by PCR and sequence analysis. The transferability of resistance phenotypes was demonstrated by conjugation experiments and clonal relatedness was determined by PFGE. Results: The isolates were susceptible to imipenem, meropenem, and tigecycline and produced ESBL. All isolates yielded an amplicon of 499 bp with universal consensus primers (MA primers). DNA sequence analysis showed that they all harboured blaCTX-M-15 and blaTEM-1 genes. The environmental isolate obtained from a suction machine was also CTX-M-15/TEM-1 producer. The resistance phenotypes were transferrable to the Escherichia coli J53 r strain. PFGE, revealed two clones, A and B, related with a Dice coefficient of >94.1%. A mortality rate of 21.4% was recorded. Conclusion: The outbreak was contained by robust and aggressive infection control measures. This study highlights the first outbreak of CTX-M-15-producing K. pneumoniae associated with high mortality in an adult medical ICU in Kuwait.


Assuntos
Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Técnicas Bacteriológicas , Sangue/microbiologia , Conjugação Genética , Surtos de Doenças , Eletroforese em Gel de Campo Pulsado , Feminino , Transferência Genética Horizontal , Genótipo , Hospitais de Ensino , Humanos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Infecções por Klebsiella/epidemiologia , Infecções por Klebsiella/microbiologia , Klebsiella pneumoniae/classificação , Klebsiella pneumoniae/enzimologia , Klebsiella pneumoniae/genética , Klebsiella pneumoniae/isolamento & purificação , Kuweit/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tipagem Molecular , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Escarro/microbiologia , Urina/microbiologia , beta-Lactamases/biossíntese , beta-Lactamases/genética
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