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Lattice strain ruthenium nanoparticles uniformly and stably supported on nitrogen-modified carbon nanosheets(RuNPs/NC)were prepared via simple wet-chemical and subsequent pyrolysis method.The nitrogen doped NC could effectively improve their uniform dispersion and lattice compression of RuNPs.Through changing the pyrolysis temperature,the nitrogen content,types and degree of lattice strain of RuNPs could be effectively tuned,which could be used to adjust and control their peroxidase-like activity.The as-prepared RuNPs/NC-900 exhibited highest peroxidase-like activity,and could catalyze the oxidation of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine(TMB)to produce a blue product with the maximum absorption at 652 nm in the presence of H2O2.The steady-state kinetic analysis indicated that the reaction catalyzed by RuNPs/NC followed the Michaelis-Menten kinetic model.Tannic acid(TA),gallic acid(GA)and ascorbic acid(AA)could effectively inhibit the RuNPs/NC-H2O2-triggered chromogenic reaction of TMB,resulting in color fading and decrease in absorbance.Based on this,a sensitive and accurate system was constructed for detection of TA,GA and AA.The detection limits(3σ/S)for TA,GA and AA were 0.014,0.014 and 0.29 μmol/L,respectively.This study not only developed a colorimetric sensing method based on RuNPs/NC nanozyme but also offered a new approach for the sensitive detection of antioxidants in food.
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Sepsis, whose morbidity and mortality remain high in children, is a life-threatening organ dysfunction resulting from dysregulated host responses to infection.With the global outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019, viral sepsis, especially respiratory viral sepsis, has attracted much attention.Early diagnosis and timely intervention are of great benefit to improve the prognosis of patients.This review focuses on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of respiratory viral sepsis in children to provide clinical reference.
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OBJECTIVES@#To investigate local cerebral blood perfusion in preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) based on cerebral blood flow (CBF) values of arterial spin labeling (ASL).@*METHODS@#A prospective study was conducted on 90 preterm infants with a gestational age of <32 weeks and a birth weight of <1 500 g who were born in the Department of Obstetrics and admitted to the Department of Neonatology in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from August 2021 to June 2022. All of the infants underwent cranial MRI and ASL at the corrected gestational age of 35-40 weeks. According to the presence or absence of BPD, they were divided into a BPD group with 45 infants and a non-BPD group with 45 infants. The two groups were compared in terms of the CBF values of the same regions of interest (frontal lobe, temporal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, thalamus, and basal ganglia) on ASL image.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the non-BPD group, the BPD group had a significantly lower 1-minute Apgar score, a significantly longer duration of assisted ventilation, and a significantly higher incidence rate of fetal distress (P<0.05). After control for the confounding factors such as corrected age and age at the time of cranial MRI by multiple linear regression analysis, compared with the non-BPD group, the BPD group still had higher CBF values of the frontal lobe, temporal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, basal ganglia, and thalamus at both sides (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#BPD can increase cerebral blood perfusion in preterm infants, which might be associated with hypoxia and a long duration of assisted ventilation in the early stage.
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Lactente , Gravidez , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Humanos , Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Displasia Broncopulmonar/epidemiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Idade Gestacional , Circulação CerebrovascularRESUMO
Objective: To evaluate different methods' efficacy of controlling acute bleeding and managing long-term menstruation in patients with heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) associated with antithrombotic therapy. Methods: The clinical data of 22 cases with HMB associated with antithrombotic therapy admitted to Peking University People's Hospital from January 2010 to August 2022 were analyzed, aged 39 years old (26-46 years). Changes in menstrual volume, hemoglobin (Hb), and quality of life were collected after control of acute bleeding and long-term menstrual management. Menstrual volume was assessed by pictorial blood assessment chart (PBAC), and quality of life was assessed by menorrhagia multi-attribute scale (MMAS). Results: (1) Treatment of acute bleeding: of the 22 cases with HMB associated with antithrombotic therapy, 16 cases were treated in our hospital and 6 in other hospital for emergency bleeding; of the 16 cases treated in our hospital, 3 underwent emergency intrauterine Foley catheter balloon compression due to severe bleeding (Hb decreased by 20 to 40 g/L within 12 hours). Of the 22 cases with antithrombotic therapy-related HMB, 15 (including 2 cases with severe bleeding) underwent emergency aspiration or endometrial resection, and intraoperative placement of levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) followed by a significant reduction in bleeding volume; 3 cases had controlled acute bleeding after rivaroxaban dose reduction and continued observation; 2 cases were given gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists to control acute bleeding in other hospital, of which 1 case was temporarily treated with periodic blood transfusion, and the other one patient underwent total hysterectomy; and 2 cases had temporary amenorrhea with oral mifepristone after intrauterine balloon compression or oral norethindrone. (2) Long-term menstrual management: of the 22 cases with antithrombotic therapy-related HMB, 15 had LNG-IUS placement and 12 had LNG-IUS placement for 6 months, and menstrual volume was significantly reduced [PBAC scores were 365.0 (272.5-460.0) vs 25.0 (12.5-37.5), respectively; Z=4.593, P<0.001], Hb was significantly increased [91.5 g/L (71.8-108.2 g/L) vs 128.5 g/L (121.2-142.5 g/L); Z=4.695, P<0.001], and quality of life was significantly improved [MMAS scores were 415.0 (327.5-472.5) vs 580.0 (570.0-580.0), respectively; Z=-3.062, P=0.002] before placement compared with 6 months after placement. Three rivaroxaban dose reduction patients' PBAC scores decreased by 20 to 35 but remained >100, and perceived quality of life did not change significantly. Two cases with temporary amenorrhea treated with oral mifepristone felt significantly improved quality of life, and the MMAS scores increased by 220 and 180, respectively. Conclusion: Intrauterine Foley catheter balloon compression, aspiration or endometrial ablation could be used to control acute bleeding in patients with antithrombotic therapy-related HMB, and LNG-IUS for long-term management could reduce menstrual volume, increase hemoglobin, and improve the quality of life of patients.
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Feminino , Humanos , Adulto , Menorragia/etiologia , Fibrinolíticos/efeitos adversos , Levanogestrel/efeitos adversos , Amenorreia/tratamento farmacológico , Mifepristona/uso terapêutico , Qualidade de Vida , Rivaroxabana/uso terapêutico , Hemoglobinas , Dispositivos Intrauterinos Medicados/efeitos adversos , Anticoncepcionais FemininosRESUMO
Cannabinoid receptors are one of the most expressed G protein-coupled receptors in the central nervous system, which are potential drug targets for inflammation, pain and drug abuse. Cannabinoid receptors are composed of type 1 receptor (CB1R), type 2 receptor (CB2R) and other receptors, of which CB1R plays a vital role in regulating central memory, cognition, and motor function. Therefore, screening CB1R agonists has potential value in treating nervous system diseases. In this study, the intracellular loop 3 (ICL3) domain of CB1R was replaced with a circular-permutated enhanced green fluorescent protein (cpEGFP). After infecting HEK 293T cells with lentivirus particles, we obtained a stable cell line that was overexpressed human CB1R-cpEGFP after puromycin selection. The interaction between receptor agonists and CB1R led to the change of receptor conformation, resulting in de-protonation of the EGFP, and enhancing the fluorescence intensity. Therefore, active CB1R compounds could be verified by measuring the fluorescence intensity. Using CB1R agonist arachidonyl-2′-chloroethylamide (ACEA) as a positive control to evaluate the reliability of this model, studies have shown that ACEA could induce receptor activation and increase fluorescence intensity, while antagonist rimonabant inhibited receptor activation with unchanged fluorescence intensity. In conclusion, this study successfully constructed a fluorescent probe screening model for CB1R agonists.
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OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of multiple myeloma patients with myelofibrosis.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 263 patients with multiple myeloma (including 92 patients with myelofibrosis) treated in the department of hematology of our hospital from January 1, 2016 to June 31, 2020 were collected and retrospectively analyzed, the patients were divided into combined group and uncombined group. The MM stage, MM type, genetic characteristics and therapeutic effect of the patients in combined group and uncombined group were observed, and the relationship between the curative effect and the degree of myelofibrosis change of the patients in combined group was analyzed.@*RESULTS@#There was no statistically difference in the MM staging and classification between multiple myeloma patients with or without myelofibrosis (P>0.05). The positive rate of FISH results of the patients in combined group was significantly higher than those in uncombined group, and was significantly correlated to 1q21 amplification, D13S319 deletion, and IgH breakage (P<0.05). After treatment, the effective rate of the patients in uncombined group was significantly higher than those in combined group, and the degree of fibrosis in the effective patients in combined group was significantly reduced.@*CONCLUSION@#The survival rate of the patients with multiple myeloma complicated with myelofibrosis is shorter than that of the patients without myelofibrosis, and the overall prognosis is poor.
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Humanos , Aberrações Cromossômicas , Mieloma Múltiplo/complicações , Mielofibrose Primária/complicações , Prognóstico , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE@#To compare the efficacy and safety of different chemotherapy regimens in elderly multiple myeloma (MM) patients with different Frailty scores.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of elderly patients with MM were retrospectively analyzed, including age, treatment regimen, efficacy, adverse reactions, and the Frailty score included in the activity of daily living score, the instrumental activity of daily living scale and the Charlson comorbidity index. The patients were divided into fit group, mediate fit group and frail group according to the scoring standard. The treatment efficiency and adverse reaction rates of elderly MM with different physical conditions treated by different chemotherapy regimens were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Among the 70 patients, the effective rates of the patients in fit group, the mediate fit group, and the frail group were 79.5%, 81%, and 40%, and the effective rates of the fit patients in double and triple groups were 54.5% and 89.3%, 70% and 90.9% for mediate fit patients, 42.9% and 33.3% for frail patients, the triple regimen in fit patients showed obvious advantages, and the difference showed statistically significant (P<0.05), while the efficacy for mediate patients and frail patients showed no significant difference. During the induction of bortezomib, the incidence of adverse reactions for the patients in the triple group (78.6%) was higher than 67.9% in the double group, and the difference showed no statistically significant (P>0.05).There was no significant difference in the 1-year overall survival rate of the patients and with molecular genetic abnormalities among each groups.@*CONCLUSION@#The therapeutic effect is related to the patient's physical condition. For patients with healthy physique, the triple regimen should be used first. For patients with weak physical constitution, the chemotherapy regimen with low drug toxicity should be selected for safety.
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Idoso , Humanos , Bortezomib , Fragilidade , Mieloma Múltiplo/tratamento farmacológico , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the prognostic value of hemopoietic scoring system composed of hemoglobin (HB), platelet count (PLT) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) in MM patients and its correlation with curative effect.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 172 newly diagnosed MM patients treated by bortezomib as the first-line regimen in our hospital from May 2014 to December 2019 were collected, three variables (HB≤100 g/L, PLT≤150×109/L, MCV≥96 fl) were introduced, each variable was distributed 1 score, the patients were divided into four groups (0, 1, 2 and 3 points in group 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively), and the clinical characteristics and prognosis of the patients in the four groups were analyzed. The initial efficacy evaluation after 3-4 courses of treatment was carried out, and the curative effect of the patients in the different hematopoiesis score groups were compared.@*RESULTS@#The median OS time of the patients in group 1, 2, 3 and 4 was 27.0, 22.5, 20.7 and 18.1 months, while the median PFS time were 23.0, 19.0, 18.0 and 14.0 months, respectively. The OS and PFS of the patients in low score group were significantly better than those in high score group (P=0.045, P=0.048). There was no significant difference in the curative effect of the patients treated by bortezomib after 3-4 courses (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Hematopoiesis score can preliminarily predict the overall survival of newly diagnosed MM patients, but there is no significant difference between different scoring groups in the initial curative effect.
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Humanos , Bortezomib/uso terapêutico , Índices de Eritrócitos , Hemoglobinas/uso terapêutico , Mieloma Múltiplo/diagnóstico , Prognóstico , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Objective:To study the predictive value of serum albumin (ALB) on the first day of life for early-onset sepsis (EOS) in very low birth weight infants (VLBWI).Methods:From January 2015 to December 2020, clinical data of VLBWI (gestational age < 34 weeks, birth weight < 1 500 g) born and hospitalized in our hospital were collected. Based on the serum ALB level at admission, the infants were assigned into high, moderate and low ALB groups. C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) levels among different ALB groups were compared. The infants were also assigned into EOS and non-EOS groups according to the occurrence of EOS and perinatal complications were compared between the two groups. The relationship between EOS and ALB level was analyzed. The predictive value of serum ALB was studied using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.Results:A total of 183 infants were enrolled, including 62 in the high ALB group, 87 in the moderate ALB group and 34 in the low ALB group; and 36 in EOS group and 147 in non-EOS group. The incidence of maternal chorioamnionitis was significantly higher in EOS group than non-EOS group [33.3% (12/36) vs. 6.8% (10/147), P<0.001]. Serum CRP and PCT in the low and moderate ALB groups were significantly higher than the high ALB group ( P<0.05), and the low ALB group showed higher CRP and PCT than the moderate ALB group ( P<0.05). Compared with the non-EOS groups, ALB in the EOS group was significantly lower [24.9 (24.0, 28.5) g/L vs. 29.5 (27.4, 31.2) g/L, P<0.001] and the incidence of hypoproteinemia was significantly higher [52.8% vs.10.2%, P<0.001]. As ALB decreased, the incidence of EOS increased. The incidence of EOS was 55.9% in the low ALB group, 16.1% in the moderate ALB group and 4.8% in the high ALB group ( P<0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of ALB predicting EOS was 69.4% and 79.6%, respectively, with a cut-off value of 27.0 g/L. Conclusions:The VLBWI with maternal chorioamnionitis and serum albumin lower than 27.0 g/L on the first day of life have higher risk of EOS.
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Human milk plays an irreplaceable role in nutrition, immune promotion and psychological development of infants.And it can also decrease the risk of infectious disease, overweight/obesity, diabetes and other diseases.Therefore, the guidelines of various countries advocate that human milk is the optimal choice for infants.However, cases of food allergy in infants fed with human milk are common in clinical practice.Some studies have found that there are some active food antigens in human milk, which can stimulate immune responses and cause allergic symptoms in infants.At present, the mechanism of food allergy in infants fed with human milk is not clear, and this paper is to review the progress in this field in recent years.
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Objective:To compare the accuracy and timeliness of 3-lead electrocardiography (ECG) and pulse oximetry (POX) in neonatal heart rate (HR) monitoring after birth.Methods:This prospective study recruited 42 high-risk newborns with gestational age ≥37 weeks and birth weight >1 500 g who were born through cesarean section without resuscitation requirement in Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital) from October 2019 to August 2020. 3-lead ECG electrodes and POX sensors were attached to the neonates immediately after drying to continuously monitor the HR within 10 min after birth. All procedure was recorded by video camera, and data were independently analyzed by a clinician after the procedure was completed. Differences in time required to connect the devices, time to obtain a reliable HR and the interval between them, the time needed for obtaining a reliable HR after birth, the proportion of neonates with reliable HR obtained within 5 min after birth and the consistency in the reliable HR readings between the two devices were compared using Wilcoxon signed-rank test, McNemar test, Spearman's correlation coefficient, intraclass correlation coefficient or Bland-Altman bias analysis.Results:The median time required to connect POX and 3-lead ECG and to acquire a reliable HR were 13.0 s (10.0-17.0 s) vs 23.0 s (18.0-28.3 s) ( Z=-5.050, P<0.001), and 79.5 s (56.2-128.0 s) vs 11.0 s (10.0-13.3 s) ( Z=-5.646, P<0.001), respectively. The total time from the beginning of connecting the devices and birth to acquiring a reliable HR were both longer for POX than those for 3-lead ECG [92.0 s (71.3-139.0 s) vs 35.0 s (30.0-39.5 s), Z=-5.579, P<0.001; 110.5 s (85.8-153.5 s) vs 52.0 s (45.0-66.3 s), Z=-5.579, P<0.001]. Reliable HRs were obtained in 69.1% (29/42) and 2.4% (1/42) of the infants by 3-lead ECG and POX within 1 min after birth, respectively. The percentage of infants for obtaining a reliable HR detected by 3-lead ECG within 5 min after birth were more than those by POX, but with statistically significant differences only at the first 60 s, 90 s, 120 s and 150 s (all P<0.001). The median HRs obtained by 3-lead ECG and POX within 10 min after birth were 161 beats/min (147-175 beats/min) and 160 beats/min (146-176 beats/min), respectively ( r=0.966, P<0.001). The mean difference of HR detected by the two devices was 0.56 beats/min (95% CI:-4.3 to 5.4 beats/min). The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.961, showing good internal consistency. Conclusions:Neonatal HR can be assessed accurately by 3-lead ECG within 1 min after birth, which is far earlier than that by POX. Therefore, 3-lead ECG can be an option for continuously HR monitor in neonatal resuscitation.
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In China, the current effective special standards on radiological protection for non-uranium mines include GBZ 139-2019 Radiological Protection Requirements for the Production Places of Rare Earths, GBZ/T 233-2010 Radiological Protection Standards for the Workplaces of Tin Mine, and GBZ/T 256-2014 Radiological Protection Requirements for Radon Exposure in the Non-Uranium Mining. The above-mentioned special standards are applicable to all types of non-uranium mines except coal mines, and basically cover all aspects related to the practice of occupational exposure protection principles, such as responsibilities, workplace protection requirements, occupational exposure dose control, protective facilities and equipment, occupational exposure monitoring and evaluation, occupational health surveillance, and personnel training et al. However, there are differences in aspects such as workplace classification, individual dose monitoring and occupational health surveillance. According to the requirements of Chinese basic safety standard GB 18871-2002 Basic Standards for Protection Against Ionizing Radiation and for the Safety of Radiation Sources and international standards on occupational exposure protection, the hierarchical management in the workplace, occupational health management and radiological protection training of miners should be further improved, to provide suggestions and references for the formulation and revision of relevant standards for the prevention and control of occupational radiological diseases of non-uranium mine employees in China.
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According to the requirements of the instructions for the preparation of health standards of Regulations on The Drafting And Review of Health Standards, the drafting and matters needing attention of each part of instructions for the preparation of health standards were analyzed and discussed, and the suggestions on instructions for the preparation of health standards were put forward, so as to provide references for the compilation of instructions for the preparation of health standards.Instructions for the preparation of health standards should fully reflect the whole process of standard compilation and be consistent with the standard text. The compilation of each part should be detailed and appropriate. In order to analyze the relationship with relevant domestic documents and other standards, existing documents and standards should be listed as comprehensively as possible. According to the different adoption of standards and different requirements, the comparative analysis with international standards should be discussed. The basis of main technical contents should be mainly discussed, and the basis for determining technical indicators should be fully detailed and clear. Attention should be paid to the compilation of instructions for the preparation of health standards, which should be treated as standard text and play an important role in instructions for the preparation of health standards.
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Flavonoids, especially chalcones such as hydroxysafflor yellow A and carthamin are the main active ingredients of safflower. To study the biosynthesis pathway of safflower flavonoids is of great significance for the quality control of safflower. Chalcone synthase (CHS) is an enzyme that plays an important role in regulation of the synthesis of flavonoids. However, for the time being, the role of CHS is not yet clear in the biosynthesis of safflower flavonoids. As a plant signaling regulator, JA/MeJA can activate CHS gene expression in plants. CtCHS1, one of the CHS genes in safflower, was elucidated in our previous work. In our continuous search for CtCHSs functions from this plant, other CHS genes CtCHS2 and CtCHS4 in safflower were examined. The floret was stimulated with methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and the transcriptome expression of CtCHS2 and CtCHS4 was analyzed by qRT-PCR at different time points of 0, 3, 6, and 12 h after stimulation. Further metabolites under stimulation by MeJA were analyzed by UHPLC/Q-TOF-MS. The results showed that the expression of CtCHS4 in response to MeJA significantly increased at 3 and 6 h, while the expression of CtCHS2 showed a trend of decrease after induction. Meanwhile, the accumulation of rutin, hydroxysafflor yellow A, D-phenylalanine, kaempferol-3-O-β-rutinoside and carthamin increased obviously. Especially, accumulation of hydroxysafflor yellow A was increased significantly at 3, 6 and 12 h after induction (P ≥ 0.05 or 0.01), but the change in kaempferol, kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucoside, luteolin, quercetin-3-β-D-glucoside was not significant. The accumulation of hydroxysafflor yellow A and carthamin was positively correlated with the expression abundance of CtCHS4 with Pearson correlation analysis method (r ≥ 0.8). The data suggest that CtCHS4 may be a key gene for forming hydroxysafflor yellow A and carthamin and plays an important role in the accumulation of safflower chalcones. The CtCHS4-pMAL-C5X recombinant vector was successfully expressed in BL21 (DE3) Plys to express the product naringenin in vitro under the catalytic substrates p-coumaryol-COA and malonyl-CoA. The results of this study provide a new insight into synthetic genes involved in flavonoids biosynthetic pathway to elucidate the biosynthesis pathway of safflower chalcones.
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Juvenile dermatomyositis( JDM) is an non-purulent chronic autoimmune disease ,which is the most common type of the juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. The disease mainly affects skin and mus-cle system,and is characterized by typical skin rash and progressive muscle weakness. At present,the incidence rate of JDM is much lower,and the etiology and pathogenesis of it are not clear. According to the clinical fea-tures and results of the laboratory testing,it is easy to diagnose typical JDM,meanwhile it lacks the unified crite-rion to evaluate the disease activity. And disease assessment is not only the basis of therapy,but also one of the important parameters to evaluate prognosis ;only estimating the disease more accurately can we optimize the treatment,improve the therapeutic effect and prognosis. Therefore,This paper is mainly focused on three topics, including modified diagnosis criteria of JDM,and approaches to the assessment of JDM,and current treatments and new developments in therapy.
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Objective To investigate ADP-induced platelet aggregation rate(ADP-Ag),safety and efficacy of different ticagrelor dosage in elderly patients undergoing PCI. Methods 48 elderly patients aged 60 or older were enrolled. After PCI treatment, the patients received antiplatelet therapy with ticagrelor 90 mg(n=26)or 45 mg (n=22)twice daily. ADP-Ag was measured on day 3 to 7 after initial ticagrelor therapy and compared between the two different-dose ticagrelor groups. ADP-Ag ticagrelor treatment was also compared to measurement if patients were previously taking clopidogrel 75 mg daily. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE)and bleeding events were recorded in following 12 months. Results Inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation was greater for ticagrelor 90 mg BID versus 45 mg BID(ADP-Ag(27.88±7.77)% vs.(37.87±2.90)%,P<0.05). During the follow-up period,no gastrointestinal bleedings,cerebral hemorrhage or thrombus events occurred in all patients. In ticagrelor 90 mg BID group,stent-restenosis occurred in 3 patients and they needed to take revascularization therapy. Minimal bleeding events occurred in 4 patients(15.4%)and 1 patient(4.5%) with ticagrelor 90 mg and 45 mg BID treatment,respectively. The ADP-Ag with clopidogrel 75 mg QD treatment previously was(51.18±5.55)%,and declined to(26.87±7.33)% and(38.29±2.65)% after conversion to ticagrelor 90 mg BID and 45 mg BID treatment,respectively. Conclusions Ticagrelor of 90 mg BID or 45 mg BID both inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation better than clopidogrel. Ticagrelor 45 mg BID was not inferior to 90 mg BID in preventing MACE and with less minimal bleeding events in elderly patients undergoing PCI.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the associations of blood pressure (BP) level with carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and plaque in a middle-aged and elderly hypertensive population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>By block randomized sampling, an epidemiological investigation was conducted among hypertensives aged 45 - 75 years in the northern rural area of Jiangsu Province. Blood pressure was measured, and carotid CIMT and plaque were determined using a coloured ultrasonograph. The relationship between blood pressure level and CIMT or plaque was analyzed using a multivariable linear regression or logistic regression model.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 524 subjects (male 242) were enrolled. CIMT and plaque prevalence were (0.7 ± 0.1) mm and 46.3% in males and (0.7 ± 0.1) mm and 34.0% in females. After adjustment for relevant variables, CIMT increased 0.001 12 mm with 1 mmHg systolic BP increase in males (P < 0.001) but this trend was not significant in females. The risk of plaque number > 1 was significantly higher in those with grade III hypertension compared to grade I hypertensives (OR: 2.136, 95%CI: 1.138 - 4.012, P = 0.018).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In this middle-aged and elderly hypertensive population, carotid CIMT is positively in relation to systolic BP, especially for male patients. Higher BP is associated with higher risk of plaque occurrence. Hypertension is thus an independent risk factor for the formation of atherosclerosis.</p>
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Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pressão Sanguínea , Fisiologia , Espessura Intima-Media Carotídea , Hipertensão , Epidemiologia , Placa Aterosclerótica , EpidemiologiaRESUMO
Objective To evaluate the relationship between Alzheimer′s disease(AD)and its partial vascular risk factors,and investigate the effect of tanshinone ⅡA(Tan ⅡA)on experimental models of AD combined with chronic cerebral ischemia and its potential mechanism.Methods Eight hundred and forty-nine patients with dementia(549 having diagnosis of AD and 300 without AD),admitted to our hospital from 1975 to 2009,were collected in our study; univariate analysis was performed on the relation between AD and vascular risk factors.Besides that,Tg+ mice were employed in our study and randomly divided into 5 groups,namely,sham-operated group,vehicle group,low Tan ⅡA treatment group,medium Tan ⅡA treatment group and high Tan ⅡA treatment group; or these mice were randomly divided into sham-operated group,vehicle group,Tan ⅡA treatment group(treated with 10 mg/kg daily).Mouse models of AD and chronic cerebral ischemia were established,and Tan ⅡA treatment was given to the Tan ⅡA treatment group.The relationship between AD and vascular factors was assessed by means of analyzing the clinicopathological data of AD cohort.The changes of learning and memory abilities in the mouse models were detected by Morris water maze test.Enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay(ELISA)was employed to detect the level of VEGF; the protein expressions of betaA4-amyloid precursor protein (APP),VEGF and VEGFR-1 were determined by Western blotting,and the mRNA expressions of APP,VEGF and VEGFR-1 were observed by quantitative RT PCR.The effect of Tan ⅡA on canaliculization of human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs)was also investigated fiom cellular level.Results AD was significantly positively correlated with such vascular risk factors as hypertension,diabetes mellitus,coronary disease,cerebrovascular disease and hyperlipemia(P<0.05),while no correlation was noted between AD and pneumonia.The mice of the medium Tan ⅡA treatment group and high Tan ⅡA treatment group had obviously shortened times of searching the platform and swimming distance,prolonged latency of avoiding darkness,decreased frequency of wrong behaviors,and decreased level of VEGF as compared with the vehicle group(P<0.05).The life span in mice of the Tan ⅡA treatment group (treated with 10 mg/kg daily)was prolonged for approximately 24 d as compared with that in the vehicle group; the expressions of APP and VEGF were down-regulated and that of VEGFR-1 in mice of the Tan ⅡA treatment group(treated with 10 mg/kg daily)was up-regulated as compared with those in the vehicle group(P<0.05).The canaliculization of HUVECs was enhanced after incubation with Tan ⅡA for 48 h,followed by increase of VEGFR-1 expression.Conclusion AD is significantly correlated with its vascular factors.Tan ⅡA could improve the learning and memory abilities of dementia mouse through up-regnlation of VEGFR-1 expression and promotion of vascular integrity,indicating the crucial role of vascular factors in treatment of AD.
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Human amniotic epithelial cells (HAECs), which have characteristics of both embryonic and pluripotent stem cells, are therefore a candidate in cell therapy without creating legal or ethical problems. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of intracerebroventricular transplantation of HAECs on doubly transgenic mice of Alzheimer's disease (AD) coexpressing presenilin-1 (PS1) and mutant Sweden amyloid precursor protein (APPswe) genes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The offspring mice genotypes were detected using PCR identification of APPswe and PS1 gene. The doubly transgenic (TG) mice (n = 20) and wild-type (WT) mice (n = 20) were randomly divided into two groups respectively: the transplantation group treated with HAECs and the control group with phosphate buffered saline. Six radial arm water maze test was used to assess the spatial memory in the TG and WT mice. Amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles were analyzed using congo red and acid-silver methenamine staining respectively. Immunofluorescence cytochemistry was used to track the survival of HAECs. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the expression of octamer-binding protein 4 (Oct-4) and Nanog in the HAECs. High performance liquid chromatography was used to measure acetylcholine in hippocampus. The density of cholinergic neurons in basal forebrain and nerve fibers in hippocampus was measured using acetylcholinesterase staining.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Amyloid deposition occurred in hippocampus and frontal cortex in the double TG mice aged 8 months, but not in WT mice. The results also showed that transplanted HAECs can survive for at least 8 weeks and migrate to the third ventricle without immune rejection. The graft HAECs can also express the specific marker Oct-4 and Nanog of stem cell. Compared with the control group, transplantation of HAECs can not only significantly improve the spatial memory of the TG mice, but also increase acetylcholine concentration and the number of hippocampal cholinergic neurites.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>These results demonstrate that intracerebroventricular transplantation of HAECs can improve the spatial memory of the double TG mice. The higher content of acetylcholine in hippocampus released by more survived cholinergic neurites is one of the causes of this improvement.</p>
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Animais , Humanos , Camundongos , Acetilcolina , Metabolismo , Doença de Alzheimer , Genética , Metabolismo , Terapêutica , Âmnio , Biologia Celular , Precursor de Proteína beta-Amiloide , Genética , Metabolismo , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Células Epiteliais , Biologia Celular , Transplante , Genótipo , Hipocampo , Metabolismo , Proteínas de Homeodomínio , Genética , Metabolismo , Imuno-Histoquímica , Transtornos da Memória , Genética , Metabolismo , Terapêutica , Camundongos Transgênicos , Proteína Homeobox Nanog , Fator 3 de Transcrição de Octâmero , Genética , Metabolismo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Presenilina-1 , Genética , MetabolismoRESUMO
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal(HPA)axis-related factors in patients with type 2 diabetes were studied according to different levels of HbA1C.It showed that HPA axis was normal in HbA1C≤ 7% group[ACTH (18.03±8.39)ng/L,blood cortisol(49.22±8.68)μg/L],hyperactive in 7%11% group with weak feedback regulation[ACTH(26.08±15.41)ng/L,blood cortisol(55.64±24.27)μg/L].These results suggest that HPA axis-related factors in type 2 diabetic patients are different with different grades of glucose metabolic turbulence.