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Resumen Introducción En México, en 2017 el Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía reportó a la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 [DT2] como la segunda causa de muerte. Para lograr controlar esta enfermedad, uno de los enfoques más útiles es el de ofrecer educación suficiente y actualizada a quienes viven con ella. Objetivo Determinar el efecto de una intervención educativa sobre el estilo de vida, el grado de conocimientos sobre DT2 y el nivel de la hemoglobina glucosilada [HbA1c], Material y métodos Cuasi-experimento. Se impartieron pláticas educativas durante cuatro meses a personas con DT2 del Seguro Popular del Centro de Salud de Bokobá, Yucatán. El estilo de vida se evaluó con el Instrumento para medir el estilo de vida en diabéticos [IMEVID], y el grado de conocimientos en DT2 con un cuestionario validado. Se usaron pruebas t de student pareadas y pruebas de Wilcoxon para hacer las comparaciones. Resultados Participaron 39 pacientes. Las medias pre y post intervención: para el IMEVID 63.15 y 77.41 puntos [p < 0.001], para el grado de conocimientos 25.73 y 79.70 puntos [p < 0.001] y para la HbA1c de 9.25% y 8.14% [p < 0.001], respectivamente. Conclusiones La intervención educativa mejoró significativamente el estilo de vida y el grado en conocimientos. También, logró disminuir el nivel de HbA1c.
Abstract Introduction In Mexico in 2017, the National Institute of Statistics and Geography reported type 2 diabetes mellitus [DT2] as the second cause of death. In order to control this disease, one of the most useful approaches is to provide sufficient and updated training to those who live with it. Objective To determine the effect of an educational intervention based on proper lifestyle, the degree of theoretical knowledge about DT2 and on the level of glycosylated hemoglobin [HbA1c]. Materials and methods Quasi-experimental design. Educational sessions were held for four months to DT2 patients with Seguro Popular in the Bokobá Health Center, Yucatán. The Instrument for the Measurement of Lifestyle in Diabetics [IMEVID] was applied, and the degree of knowledge about DT2 was assessed using a validated questionnaire. Paired student t tests and Wilcoxon tests were used for the comparisons. Results 39 patients were included. The pre and post intervention mean values were: for Life Style Scores 63.15 and 77.41 points [p < 0.001], for knowledge levels 25.73 and 79.70 points [p < 0.001], and for HbA1c 9.25% and 8.14% [p < 0.001], respectively. Conclusions The educational intervention, significantly improved the lifestyle and the degree of knowledge about DT2, and significantly reduced the HbA1c values.
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Aims: To evaluate preparation herbal mixed of Pouteria campechiana, Chrysophyllum cainito, Citrus limonum and Annona muricata (PCCA) on vasorelaxant and hypotensive effect on rat model and toxicological data after acute oral administration to give scientific support to the use ethnomedical and to explore their potential damaging on oral intake. Study Design: Experimental. Place and Duration of Study: Sample female and male Wistar rats. Pharmacology laboratory of Chemistry School and Department of Clinical and Epidemiological Research of Medicine School, Autonomous University of Yucatán. Between October 2014 and July 2016. Methodology: An ethanolic extract of PCCA was prepared at a ratio of 1:1:1:1 of each plant plus individual extracts were prepared. Vasorelaxant effect was assessed (3.03 to 100 μg/mL), hypotensive effect ((100, 200, 300 mg/Kg) and median lethal dose (LD50) by oral acute toxicity method (OECD 423 guide). Results: PCCA extract induced a significant vasorelaxation (medium effective concentration (EC50)=463.43 μg/mL) in a concentration-dependent manner in aorta’s endothelium-intact rings and this effect was partially endothelium-dependent. Acute oral administration of 200 and 300 mg/kg of PCCA exhibited significant decrease in systolic blood pressure in normotensive rats. PCCA did not show clinical toxicity of acute oral administration. Only 2000 mg/kg show histopathological inflammatory responses on gut and liver. Conclusion: PCCA induces a significant cardiovascular effect and was not toxic for rodents. The results support the popular use of some Mayan Medicinal plants as antihypertensive agents; however, clinical studies are necessary.
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Resumen Introducción La obesidad, el sobrepeso y la carcinogénesis son de origen multifactorial y resultado de procesos crónicos donde el ambiente y la genética tienen un papel fundamental. Por lo que su magnitud tiene variaciones regionales, nacionales e internacionales. En Yucatán la prevalencia de obesidad es muy alta, por lo que su implicación en el cáncer podría ser mayor que en otras poblaciones. Material y Métodos Estudio de casos y controles, Muestra probabilística de 400 mujeres de 20 a 65 atendidas en el hospital regional del ISSSTE en Mérida, Yucatán en 2013-2014; los casos: 200 mujeres con diagnóstico histopatológico de tumor mamario y los controles: 200 mujeres sin mastopatía, pareadas por edad. Exceso de peso IMC > 25. Análisis Chi2, ANOVA, t-Student y diferencia de proporciones. Resultados 64% de los tumores mamarios fueron de tipo maligno y 36% de tipo benigno. 91.5% de las mujeres con tumores malignos, 65% de las mujeres con tumores benignos y 59% de las mujeres sin tumores de mama, tenían exceso de peso. El exceso de peso relacionó con los tumores malignos, OR 5.65 (IC95% 2.57-12.4, p<0.001). Las neoplasias más prevalentes fueron de tipo carcinoma ductal (65%) y lobulillar (19%). Conclusiones El exceso de peso se asocia con la presencia de tumores mamarios especialmente de tipo maligno en mujeres yucatecas, por lo que el control del peso en mujeres con factores de riesgo para cáncer de mama puede ser un factor preventivo para el proceso de carcinogénesis.
Abstract Introduction Obesity, overweight and carcinogenesis are of multifactorial origin and result of chronic processes where the environment and genetics play a fundamental role. So its magnitude has regional, national and international variations. In Yucatan the prevalence of obesity is very high, so that its implication in cancer could be higher than in other populations. Material and methods Case-control study, Probabilistic sample of 400 women aged 20 to 65 attended at the ISSSTE regional hospital in Merida, Yucatan in 2013-2014; The cases: 200 women with histopathological diagnosis of breast tumor and controls: 200 women without mastopathy, matched by age. Excess weight BMI> 25. Chi2, ANOVA, t-Student and difference in proportions. Results 64% of the mammary tumors were of the malignant type and 36% of the benign type. 91.5% of women with malignant tumors, 65% of women with benign tumors, and 59% of women without breast tumors were overweight or obesity. Excess weight was associated with malignant tumors, OR 5.65 (95% CI 2.57-12.4, p <0.001). The most prevalent neoplasms were ductal (65%) and lobular (19%) carcinomas. Conclusions Excess weight is associated with the presence of breast tumors especially of malignant type in Yucatecan women, so that weight control in women with risk factors for breast cancer may be a preventive factor for the process of carcinogenesis.