Epidemiological characteristics of sexually transmitted diseases from 2005 to 2017 in Mengla County， Yunnan Province / 上海预防医学

Objective:To determine the epidemiological characteristics and incidence trends of sexually transmitted diseases （STD） in Mengla County of Yunnan Province， and provide evidence for future prevention and control of STD. Methods:STD case information from 2005 to 2017 was extracted from the National Notifiable Infectious Disease Report Information System. Data were collected by year and disease type，and the incidence rate， epidemic characteristics and suspicious contact history of STD were statistically analyzed. Results:A total of 1 251 STD cases were reported in Mengla county from 2005 to 2017， including 490 gonorrhea， 483 syphilis， 216 condyloma acuminatum， 16 genital chlamydial infection and 46 genital herpes. The average annual incidence of STD was 35.57/100 000. The majority of STD cases were 20-29 years old （n=541，43.25%）， married （n=603，48.20%）， Han people （n=638，50.10%）， with education of middle school （n=536，42.85%）， and occupation of farmers （n=702， 56.12%）. The 42.61% of STD cases had non-marital sexual contact history， in which the proportion was significantly higher among male （55.05%） than female （28.98%）. In addition， the proportion of non-marital sex among STD cases increased gradually by year and significantly differed. Conclusion:The epidemic status of STD in Mengla county is relatively low. However， STD incidence increased gradually by year， which warrants more and specific measures on the STD control and prevention.

Epidemiology investigation of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated renal insufficiency in a community-based population in Shanghai / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To investigate the prevalence and related factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) and its associated renal insufficiency in adult residents of a community in Shanghai. Methods A total of 9 257 residents aged 20-75 years old in a community of Shanghai were selected by random cluster sampling. All participants were interviewed to complete questionnaires, physical examination, examination of blood, urine and common biochemical indicators for T2DM, renal insufficiency and other related factors. Then the SPSS 19.0 software was used for analysis. Results Of the 9 257 respondents, eligible data of 8 207 subjects were enrolled in the study. The prevalence of T2DM was 12.7% (95% CI: 12.0%-13.4%), and the prevalence of its associated renal insufficiency was 15.4% (95% CI: 12.3%-18.4%), and majority of patients (65.8%) were in the early stage. Among the T2DM patients in this survey, the prevalence of renal insufficiency in obese patients was higher than that in patient with the normal body mass index. Logistic regression analysis showed that elder (OR=1.35), central obesity (OR=1.50), hyperuricemia (OR=2.51) were independent risk factors related with renal insufficiency in T2DM patients. Conclusions Renal insufficiency has become one of the important public health problems in T2DM patients. It shows a more urgent need for early prevention and control of CKD to prevent the incidence of end-stage renal disease and related complications in T2DM patients with advanced age, obesity, and hyperuricemia.

Relationship between hyperuricemia and chronic kidney disease in adult residents of communities in the Songjiang district, Shanghai / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To explore the relationships between hyperuricemia (HUA)，serum uric acid (SUA) level and the chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adult residents of communities. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Xinqiao town of Songjiang district, Shanghai and a total of 9 527 residents aged 20-75 years were selected by random cluster sampling. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between SUA and CKD. Results Subjects were divided into five groups according to the gender-specific quintiles of SUA. The CKD prevalence in serum uric acid quintiles of male were 4.9%, 5.7%, 6.0%, 8.0% and 13.8% respectively，while of female were 12.8%, 12.7%, 11.9%, 13.3% and 18.2% respectively, increasing along with the increase of SUA among both sexes (all P420 μmol/L(male) or >360 μmol/L(female). In the unadjusted model, HUA was significantly associated with CKD of all subjects (OR=2.03, 95% CI:1.69-2.44, P<0.001), and the association was still significant (OR=2.04, 95% CI:1.68-2.49, P<0.001) after adjustment for the potential confounders. The multivariate-adjusted odds of CKD associated with HUA was 2.89 (95% CI:2.12-3.94,) and 1.98 (95% CI:1.51-2.60) for male and female, respectively. Conclusion Hyperuricemia was independently associated with the increased prevalence of CKD among community-based population living in the Songjiang district, Shanghai.

Synergistic interaction between melittin and chemotherapeutic agents and their possible mechanisms: an experimental research / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effect of melittin and 5-Fu, DDP, and TXT on human gastric cancer cell line BGC-823 and to primarily explore their possible mechanisms.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Median effect analysis was employed to determine the interaction between melittin and 5-Fu, DDP, TXT by analyzing the relationship between fraction affected (FA) and the combination index (CI) acquired from the dose-effect curve. Expressions of chemotherapeutic agent-associated genes of BGC-823 cells with or without treatment were measured by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) Both melittin and chemotherapeutic agents inhibited the growth of BGC-823. (2) For BGC-823 cells were acted by 5-Fu +melittin, when FA ranged between 0.35-0.75, CI was less than 1. For BGC-823 cells were acted by DDP + melittin, when FA ranged 0.55 or so, CI = 1; when Fa ranged below 0.55, CI was less than 1. For BGC-823 cells were acted by TXT + melittin, CI less than 1 could be seen in the whole interval. (3) After treatment suppressed were the expressions of chemotherapeutic agent-associated genes of BGC-823 cells such as thymidylate synthetase (TS), excision repair cross-complementing gene 1 (ERCC1), breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1), beta-tubulin III (TUBB3), and microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Melittin had a synergistic effect on the cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic agents. The possible mechanisms might be associated with down-regulating chemotherapeutic agent-associated genes.</p>

Inhibitory effect of cinnamaldehyde on invasion capacities of human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-435S and its relation with regulating the expression of miR-27a / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the inhibitory effect of cinnamaldehyde on invasion capacities of human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-435S and its relation with regulating the expression of miR-27a.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The effect of cinnamaldehyde on invasive capacities of MDA-MB-435S was measured by Transwell matrigel invasion assay. The effect of miR-27a expression on invasive capabilities of MDA-MB-435S, the intervention of cinnamaldehyde in the miR-27a expression, and its relation with its effect on invasive capabilities were defected with liposome 2000 transinfection miRNA27a mimics/inhibitors, real time-polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR), and Transwell chamber model.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the control group, the number of cells passing through the transwell chamber was more significantly reduced after treated by cinnamaldehyde for 12 h (P < 0.05). The miR-27a expression was 962.07 times and 40% of that of the control group after transinfected by miR-27a mimics and miR-27a inhibitors. After transinfected by miR-27a inhibitors, the number of cells passing through the transwell chamber was more significantly reduced (P < 0.05). The miR-27a expression of MDA-MB-435S was down-regulated by 12-h treatment of cinnamaldehyde (2(-deltaCt) = 0.56, 0.18, 0.18, respectively). The number of miR-27a mimics transinfection pretreated MDA-MB-435S cells passing through the transwell chamber increased more obviously than the number of un-pretreated MDA-MB-435S cells in the control group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Cinnamaldehyde could inhibit invasive capabilities of human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-435S. The over-expression of miR-27a played an important role in the invasive capability of MDA-MB-435S. The inhibition of cinnamaldehyde on invasive capabilities of MDA-MB-435S cells was correlated with down-regulating the expression of miR-27a.</p>

Distribution of compact bone mesenchymal stem cells in lung tissue and bone marrow of mouse / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was aimed to investigate the distribution of compact bone mesenchymal stem cells(MSC) marked with lentiviral plasmid pGC FU-RFP-LV in lung tissue and bone marrow of mouse. The MSC were infected by lentivirus with infection efficiency 78%, the infected MSC were injected into BALB/c mice via tail veins in concentration of 1×10(6) /mouse. The mice were randomly divided into 4 group according to 4 time points as 1, 2, 5 and 7 days. The lung tissue and bone marrow were taken and made of frozen sections and smears respectively in order to observed the distributions of MSC. The results indicated that the lentiviral infected MSC displayed phenotypes and biological characteristics which conformed to MSC by immunophenotyping analysis and induction differentiation detection. After the MSC were infected with optimal viral titer MOI = 50, the cell growth no significantly changed; the fluorescent microscopy revealed that the distributions of MSC in bone marrow on day 1, 2, 5 and 7 were 0.50 ± 0.20, 0.67 ± 0.23, 0.53 ± 0.14, 0.33 ± 0.16; those in lung tissue were 0.55 ± 0.15, 0.47 ± 0.13, 0.29 ± 0.13, 0.26 ± 0.08. It is concluded that the distribution of MSC in lung tissue reaches a peak on day 1, while distribution of MSC in bone marrow reaches a peak on day 2. The distribution of mouse MSC relates with RFP gene expression and implantation of MSC in lung tissue and bone marrow.

Delphi method applied for assessment of respiratory infectious disease risk in winter of 2013 and spring of 2014 in Songjiang District of Shanghai / 上海预防医学

By means of risk assessment, to explore the likelihood, harmfulness, pop-ulation susceptibility and comprehensive risk in relation to infectious respiratory diseases in late winter of 2013 and early spring of 2014 in Songjiang District of Shanghai , providing the basis for prevention and con-trol of infectious diseases . [ Methods] Delphi method was used and experts were invited to score for designed questions .Infectious respiratory diseases comprehensive risks were evaluated by applying the for-mula P(Risk) =[L(likelihood)+I(impact)+V(vulnerability)]/3 according to the risk evaluation plan. [ Results] After two rounds of risk evaluation by experts , the coefficient of expert activity was 1 .00 , the coefficient of authority was 0.70, 0.73 and 0.71 respectively in likelihood, harmfulness and susceptibility , and the coefficient of coordination was 0.68, 0.65 and 0.67 respectively.The viewpoints of experts tended to be consistent .Comprehensive analysis showed that the risk of influenza was high , and tuberculosis , HFMD, influenza A H7N9 avian influenza, smallpox and influenza A H1N1 avian influenza were relatively high too, while the risk of measles, scarlet fever, mumps were moderate. [Conclusion] During late winter of 2013 and early spring of 2014 in Songjiang District , close attention should be paid to the risk of in-fluenza, tuberculosis, HFMD, influenza A H7N9 avian influenza, smallpox and influenza A H1N1 avian in-fluenza .And it is important that emergency plans should be formulated or improved , drills carried out peri-odically, and experience and lessons summarized .

Tounongsan extract induces apoptosis in cultured Raji cells / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of Tounongsan () extract (TNSE) on proliferation and apoptosis of the human lymphoma cell line Raji and its possible mechanism of action.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The viability of TNSE-treated Raji cells was measured by a 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Cell apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry. The molecular mechanisms of TNSE-mediated apoptosis were further investigated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of the mRNA expression of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), Bcl-xL, Bcl-2-associated death promoter (Bad), caspase-9 and caspase-3. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expressions of NF-κB, Bad, cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved caspase-3.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>TNSE inhibited Raji cell proliferation in dose- and time-dependent manners. After 48-h treatment with various concentrations of TNSE (125, 250 and 500 μg/mL), the apoptosis rates of Raji cell were 12.23%±1.98% (P<0.05), 20.97%±3.96% (P<0.01) and 30.4%±4.87% (P<0.01), respectively, compared with those of the control (6.02%±1.01%). RT-PCR demonstrated that NF-κB mRNA expression was significantly downregulated in Raji cells treated with 250 μg/mL TNSE for 48 h (P<0.05), while Bad, caspase-9 and caspase-3 mRNA levels were upregulated (P<0.05). Moreover, TNSE treatment resulted in downregulation of NF-κB protein expression and strikingly upregulated protein expressions of Bad, cleaved caspase-9, cleaved caspase-3 in a dose-dependent manner, as determined by Western blot.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TNSE exhibits significant anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects in Raji cells, which may be involved in regulation of NF-κB and Bad, and activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3.</p>

Tobacco consumption and behavior of the smokers in Jiangxi province / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To explore the behaviors of smokers as well as the tobacco consumption in Jiangxi province.Impact regarding the increases of tobacco retail price on the smoking behaviors among cigarette consumers was also studied.Data was provided for further development on measurements including legislation,taxing and increasing the retail price on tobacco.Methods 805 residents above 15 year-olds were chosen through random clustered sampling,and face to face interviewed,in Shangrao and Yichun of Jiangxi province.A chart was drawn to show the relationship between the change of smoking behavior and the increase of sales price of tobacco.Results The average rate of smoking was 27.08％ (46.62％ for males and 3.05％ for females).16.06％ (35/218) of the smokers had ever tried to quit smoking but failed.The years of smoking ranged from 1 year to 50 years,with 96.33％ of the smokers purchased cigarettes on their own.Price of the cigarette ranged from 15 to 30 RMB per package,and smokers usually spent on average 192 RMB which accounted 13％ of their monthly income,per month.According to the chart,if the cigarette price had a 50％ increase,it would lead to 45％ of the smokers reduce the number of cigarette consumption with another 5％ of the smokers attempt to quit smoking.If cigarette price had an increase by 2 times,50％ of the smokers would attempt to quit smoking.So the chart could be used to estimate the percentage of smokers' behavior change according to the increase of tobacco's sales price.Conclusion The cconomy burden of tobacco consumption among cigarette smokers was huge,suggesting that the Chinese smokers did need to change their smoking behavior.Chinese government should develop tobacco-related legislations and laws and set proper cigarette tax,hopefully this could reduce the number of smokers in a long run.

Reconstruction and preparation of lentiviral vector system expressing dual-reporter genes / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was aimed to construct, package and purify the recombinant lentivirus vector carrying the firefly luciferase gene (FLUC) and red fluorescent protein gene (RFP) and to transfect the recombinant lentivirus into HeLa cells, so as to observe the expression levels of these two genes. The FLUC and RFP genes were amplified by RT-PCR and inserted in the lentiviral expression vector (pLenti-Bi-cistronic) to construct the lentiviral vector pLenti-FLUC-RFP. The viral particles were generated by cotransfection of 293T cells with pLenti-FLUC-RFP and three packaging vectors, and the virus titer was determined by calculating the percentage of RFP positive cells. After transfection of pLenti-FLUC-RFP into HeLa cells, the expression of RFP was observed by fluorescent microscopy, and the activity of FLUC was determined by luciferase reporter gene assay kit. The results showed that the inserting orientation of the RFP and FLUC genes in the lentiviral vector pLenti-FLUC-RFP were verified by restriction analysis. Targeted RFP and FLUC sequences were confirmed by DNA sequencing. The final titer obtained was 1×10(7)TU/ml. The expressions of RFP and FLUC were observed in the transfected HeLa cells. It is concluded that the pLenti-III-FLUC-RFP recombinant lentivirus vector carrying RFP gene and FLUC gene with high viral titer is constructed and packaged successfully, and provides experimental basis for studying dynamic distribution of mesenchymal stem cells in vivo.

Research progress on immunologic mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cells for treatment of graft-versus-host disease / 中国实验血液学杂志

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are the non-hematopoietic stem cells with a multi-differentiation potentials, which has a low immunogenicity and immune regulation ability. MSC immune regulation ability is particularly important, such as MSC can inhibit the activation and proliferation of T, B lymphocytes, NK cells and dendritic cells (DC). Meanwhile, MSC is able to reconstruct the human hematopoietic microenvironment, improving the successful rate of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Graft versus host disease (GVHD) is the main factor causing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation-related mortality. Based on the above mentioned properties, MSCs are used to treat autoimmune diseases and GVHD, recently. Therefore, deep exploration of the cellular immune mechanisms of MSC to treat GVHD is particularly important. This review focuses on progress of research related to treatment of GVHD by MSC immune mechanisms and briefly summarizes the status of the clinical studies.