Adverse Psychological and Therapeutic Effects of Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) Use: A Systematic Review

@#Aims: This review aimed to comprehensively examine kratom’s therapeutic potential for treatment of mental health-related issues as well as any related benefits and risks. Design: Systematic review. Data sources: Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Medline. Review methods: Three authors carried out electronic search of articles published between 1950 to September 2022 through major databases for a duration of three months (from July to September 2022). Each author independently screened the literature for inclusion and exclusion criteria, the findings were then compared, discrepancies between authors were resolved, and the final selection of articles were reviewed. Results: A total of 46 articles were included in this review. A total of three in vitro and animal studies and five cross-sectional online surveys reported the therapeutic potential of kratom in opioid replacement therapy. In addition, a total of two animal studies and three cross-sectional online surveys highlighted the role of kratom as a potential antidepressant and anxiolytic. Contrastingly, two animal studies, 11 studies in human subjects, and 16 case reports documented the risk of kratom dependence, cravings, tolerance, and kratom-related substance use disorder as the major safety concern of implementing kratom use as a therapeutic agent. Conclusion and impact: In the absence of human clinical trial, coupled with various considerable adverse events of kratom (not limited to psychological side effects), evidence to support kratom as potential therapeutic use remains inconclusive.

Investigation on the effect of job-transfer training for psychiatrists in Henan province / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective:To evaluate the effect of job-transfer training for psychiatrists in Henan province in 2018 and to compare them with the results of 2016.Methods:Data of the trainees were collected through questionnaires in 2017 and 2019 respectively. The influencing factors of knowledge and skills were determined by Multiple linear regression analysis; baseline data, training intention, training feedback and the proficiency of knowledge and skills were compared by independent sample t test and chi-square test. Results:The overall satisfaction rate for training was 98.3%, and the overall mastery rate of training knowledge and skills was 59.2% in year 2018. Compared with 2016, the willingness to participate in training, the satisfaction rate, the recognition degree of " 1+ 10+ 1" training mode, the degree of mastery and practical application of training knowledge and skills increased( P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the distribution of the primary reasons for participating in the training, factors hindering their participation in the training, and the causes for their failure to fully apply their learning to practice( P<0.01). The results showed that scope of practice, title, intention, and interest in psychiatry was related to the mastery of training knowledge and skills( P<0.05). Conclusions:The effect of training in 2018 is better than 2016, and the degree of mastery and practical application of training knowledge and skills should be increased.

Analysis of the effect of improved early warning score on the theory and practice interactive infiltration training model for surgical internship nurses / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To study the application value of improved early warning score in the practice of theory and practice interactive infiltration training mode for neurosurgery interns.Methods:A total of 84 neurosurgery interns were selected as study samples and randomly divided into control group and intervention group by random double blind method, each group had 42 interns. The control group adopted the interactive infiltration model of theory and practice. The Intervention group adopted the interactive infiltration training mode of theory and practice under the improved early warning scoring system design. Statistics and comparison of the performance of the two groups of trainee nurses, the evaluation of teaching teachers and patients, the self-evaluation of trainee nurses, and the occurrence of nursing errors during the internship.Results:The related examination results between the two groups showed significance ( t value was 7.182,5.462,5.530, P<0.01). The evaluation for nursing students by teachers and patients also showed significant difference ( t value was 6.989-8.790, P<0.01). The incidence of error event in the intervention group was 9.52% (4/42), lower than that in the control group [30.95% (13/42)]. There was statistical difference between two groups ( χ 2 value was 14.227, P<0.01). Conclusions:The application of the improved early warning score in the theory and practice interactive infiltration training mode of neurosurgery interns can improve the satisfaction of teachers and patients to interns, enhance the self-satisfaction of interns and reduce the incidence of nursing errors of interns.

Analysis of the effect of improved early warning score on the theory and practice interactive infiltration training model for surgical internship nurses / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective@#To study the application value of improved early warning score in the practice of theory and practice interactive infiltration training mode for neurosurgery interns.@*Methods@#A total of 84 neurosurgery interns were selected as study samples and randomly divided into control group and intervention group by random double blind method, each group had 42 interns. The control group adopted the interactive infiltration model of theory and practice. The Intervention group adopted the interactive infiltration training mode of theory and practice under the improved early warning scoring system design. Statistics and comparison of the performance of the two groups of trainee nurses, the evaluation of teaching teachers and patients, the self-evaluation of trainee nurses, and the occurrence of nursing errors during the internship.@*Results@#The related examination results between the two groups showed significance (t value was 7.182,5.462,5.530, P<0.01). The evaluation for nursing students by teachers and patients also showed significant difference (t value was 6.989-8.790, P<0.01). The incidence of error event in the intervention group was 9.52% (4/42), lower than that in the control group [30.95% (13/42)]. There was statistical difference between two groups (χ2 value was 14.227, P<0.01).@*Conclusions@#The application of the improved early warning score in the theory and practice interactive infiltration training mode of neurosurgery interns can improve the satisfaction of teachers and patients to interns, enhance the self-satisfaction of interns and reduce the incidence of nursing errors of interns.

Signaling pathways and neural circuits of alcohol reward memory / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

A key symptom of alcohol dependence is the strong desire to consume alcohol,which of-ten leads individuals to relapse despite negative social,interpersonal and health consequences. Core of crav-ing is repeatedly drinking alcohol and relevant cues can form pathological reward memory,which is the root cause of craving and relapse. Therefore,the extinction of the alcohol related reward memory is important for reducing relapse. The establishment of alcohol reward memories is associated with reward,motivation and memory circuits in the brain. Dysregulation of alcohol reward memory pathways is a key factor in the devel-opment of alcohol dependence, and the nature of these pathways varies depending on the brain region in which they are located. So systematic review that what reward memory pathways are involved in the develop-ment of alcohol dependence,and what brain regions are involved in these pathways,combined with animal ex-periments and alcohol dependent magnetic resonance imaging data,explain how alcohol reward memory signa-ling pathways regulate alcohol reward memory and how these pathways interact with neural circuits,plays a key role in the early recognition,prevention and treatment of alcohol dependence.

Analysis of ICU nurses'knowledge, belief and behavior about patients' early activities and its influencing factors / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To analyze the knowledge, belief and behavior of ICU nurses on patients'early activities and its influencing factors. Methods 311 ICU nurses from three general tertiary hospitals in a certain city were selected to evaluate the knowledge, belief and behavior status quo of patients'early activities by self-made nurses.Nurses'scores were understood and influencing factors were analyzed. Results 301 ICU nurses scored an average of (6.88 ± 1.51) on patients'early activity knowledge (21.01 ± 1.99) on patients' early activity belief knowledge and (16.58 ± 2.47) on patients'early activity behavior knowledge. The results showed that the influencing factors of ICU nurses'early activity behavior included age, whether nurses had received professional training, educational background, professional title, working hours and whether they were ICU specialist nurses. Conclusions The survey results show that ICU nurses have low awareness of patients'early activities. The influencing factors are age, whether nurses have received professional training, educational background, professional title, working hours and whether they are ICU specialist nurses, which directly affect the implementation of patients'early activities in departments.

Severe influenza A (H1N1) in late pregnancy: a case report / 中华危重病急救医学

Pregnancy has increased susceptibility to H1N1 influenza virus infection. Maternal influenza infection is associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality. A case of influenza A (H1N1) during late pregnancy (pregnancy 1, birth 0, pregnancy 30+2 weeks) was admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University on December 16th, 2018. The patient was set on mechanical ventilation with a FiO2 of 1.0, a positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) of 15 cmH2O (1 cmH2O = 0.098 kPa), and a tidal volume of 4-6 mL/kg (ideal body weight). However the pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2) could only be maintained at about 0.85. The disease was controlled by the treatments of anti-infection, mechanical ventilation, immune therapy, nutritional support, preventive anticoagulant treatment by heparin sodium, adequate negative fluid balance, and other organ support therapy. This article introduced the treatment process of the patient in detail, and provided experience for clinical treatment.

Analysis of ICU nurses'knowledge, belief and behavior about patients' early activities and its influencing factors / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective@#To analyze the knowledge, belief and behavior of ICU nurses on patients'early activities and its influencing factors.@*Methods@#311 ICU nurses from three general tertiary hospitals in a certain city were selected to evaluate the knowledge, belief and behavior status quo of patients'early activities by self-made nurses.Nurses'scores were understood and influencing factors were analyzed.@*Results@#301 ICU nurses scored an average of (6.88±1.51) on patients'early activity knowledge (21.01±1.99) on patients' early activity belief knowledge and (16.58±2.47) on patients'early activity behavior knowledge. The results showed that the influencing factors of ICU nurses'early activity behavior included age, whether nurses had received professional training, educational background, professional title, working hours and whether they were ICU specialist nurses.@*Conclusions@#The survey results show that ICU nurses have low awareness of patients'early activities. The influencing factors are age, whether nurses have received professional training, educational background, professional title, working hours and whether they are ICU specialist nurses, which directly affect the implementation of patients' early activities in departments.

Severe influenza A (H1N1) in late pregnancy: a case report / 中华危重病急救医学

Pregnancy has increased susceptibility to H1N1 influenza virus infection. Maternal influenza infection is associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality. A case of influenza A (H1N1) during late pregnancy (pregnancy 1, birth 0, pregnancy 30+2 weeks) was admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University on December 16th, 2018. The patient was set on mechanical ventilation with a FiO2 of 1.0, a positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) of 15 cmH2O (1 cmH2O = 0.098 kPa), and a tidal volume of 4-6 mL/kg (ideal body weight). However the pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2) could only be maintained at about 0.85. The disease was controlled by the treatments of anti-infection, mechanical ventilation, immune therapy, nutritional support, preventive anticoagulant treatment by heparin sodium, adequate negative fluid balance, and other organ support therapy. This article introduced the treatment process of the patient in detail, and provided experience for clinical treatment.

Effects of n-butylphthalide on mitochondria in hippocampus and learning and memory abilities in rats with chronic alcoholism / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective@#To explore the effects of n-butylphthalide (NBP) on mitochondria in hippocampus and learning and memory abilities in rats with chronic alcoholism.@*Methods@#60 male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups on average, including normal group, model group and treatment group, with 20 rats in each group.Rats of model group and treatment group are given 6% (V/V) alcohol solution continuously for 28 d to establish the model of chronic alcoholism.Rats in the treatment group were given butylphthalide for 14 days from the fourteenth day after giving alcohol solution.The Y type electric maze was used to test the learning and memory ability of rats, the content of H2S in the hippocampus and the activity of mitochondrial ATP enzyme were measured by spectrophotometry, and the protein expression of F-actin was detected by Western blot.@*Results@#Compared with the normal group, the learning and memory ability of the rats in the model group were decreased, the content of H2S in the hippocampus were increased, and the activity of mitochondrial ATP enzyme and the expression of F-actin protein were decreased, and most of the mitochondria were damaged under the electron microscope.The training times of the rats in treatment group(61.88±3.61)was lower than that of the model group(82.19±4.87), the ability of learning and memory was improved(P<0.05). Compared with the model group ((1.50±0.07)U/mgprot, (0.08±0.01)), the activity of the mitochondrial ATP enzyme((1.84±0.11)U/mgprot) and the level of F-actin protein(0.12±0.01)in rat hippocampus of treatment group were increased, the difference was statistically significant(both P<0.05). The level of H2S in rat hippocampus of the treatment group ((34.56±2.47) nmol/g) was lower than that of the model group ((44.55±3.71) nmol/g), the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Compared with model group, the mitochondrial damage of the hippocampus in the treatment group was improved under electron microscope.@*Conclusion@#NBP can abate mitochondrial damage and improve learning and memory abilities in chronic alcoholism rats.

Genetic diversities of different geographical populations of Aedes albopictus based on mitochondrial gene COI / 中国人兽共患病学报

In order to figure out phylogenetic relationship and genetic diversity of different geographical populations,genetic analyses of Aedes albopictus were performed based on mitochondrial gene COI.Based on samples collected from most distribution regions in China,mitochondrial gene Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit I was obtained through PCR and DNA sequence.Together with some COI sequences downloaded from GenBank,60 COI sequences with the final length of 598 bp were used for subsequent analyses.Results showed that there was no obvious divergence according to phylogenetic analyse,all sequences were clustered together in Maximum Likelihood tree.Sixteen haplotypes were detected,and four of them shared haplotypes.Haplotype diversity (Hd) was 0.737,nucleotide diversity (π) was 0.20 ％.Population genetic differentiation analyses demon strated that Hainan population showed obvious divergences.In the network of haplotypes,H1 and H6 was found to be the primary haplotypes,and they formed two radical centers.All these results indicate that A.albopictus populations of China are expanding presently,and Hainan population become differential with other geographical populations,which probably attribute to geographical isolations.

The effects of sodium butyrate on ethanol-seeking behavior and H3K9 acetylation in NMDA receptor 2B subunit promotor region in the hippocampus of rats / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of sodium butyrate on ethanol-seeking behavior and H3K9 acetylation levels in NMDA receptor 2B subunit(NR2B) promoter region in the hippocampus of Wistar rats.To explore the epigenetic mechanism underlying ethanol-seeking behavior.Methods According to random number table,48 male Wistar rats were divided into saline group,sodium butyrate group,ethanol group and sodium butyrate + ethanol group,with 12 rats in each group and administered by intraperitioneal injection respectively.Conditioned place preference (CPP)was used to evaluate the ethanol-seeking behavior.Using Western-blot,real-time PCR and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays,the expression of NR2B protein,NR2BmRNA and the relative level acetylated H3K9 in NR2B promoter region in the hippocampus were determined respectively.Results The CPP test and the CPP score in each group were different (P＜ 0.05).Compared with the CPP test(261.1 ± 102.2) and the CPP score(48.5±94.6) of saline group,the CPP test ((406.8±109.2),(502.7±72.89)) and the CPP score((198.2± 119.4),(277.5±76.2)) of ethanol group and sodium butyrate + ethanol group were significantly higher(P＜0.05),the CPP test(193.4±93.8) and the CPP score (9.7±94.0)of sodium butyrate group were not significantly different(P＞0.05).Compared with the ethanol group,CPP test of sodium butyrate + ethanol group was significantly higher(P＜0.05).The expression of NR2B protein,NR2BmRNA and acetylated level H3K9 in NR2B promoter region in the hippocampus in each group were different (P＜ 0.05).Compared with the expression of NR2B protein (1.00 ± 0.28),NR2BmRNA(1.00±0.14) and H3K9 acetylation in NR2B promoter region(1.00±0.25)in the hippocampus of saline group the expression of NR2B protein((1.40±0.34),(1.79±0.30)),NR2BmRNA((1.26±0.16),(1.50±0.08)) and aeetylated level H3K9 in NR2B promoter region ((1.68±0.16),(2.35±0.45)) of ethanol group and sodium butyrate ± ethanol group were significantly higher(P＜0.05).The expression of NR2B protein(0.85±0.24),NR2BmRNA(1.05±0.13) and acetylated level H3K9 in NR2B promoter region(0.96±0.41) of sodium butyrate group were not significantly different(P＞0.05).Compared with the ethanol group,the expression of NR2B protein,NR2BmRNA and acetylated level H3K9 in NR2B promoter region in the hippocampus of ethanol group,these of sodium butyrate + ethanol group were significantly higher (P＜0.05).The CPP score were positively correlated with the expression of NR2B protein (r=0.474,P＜0.05).The expression of NR2B protein were positively correlated with the expression of NR2BmRNA (r=0.468,P＜0.05).The expression of NR2BmRNA were positively correlated with the expression of H3K9 acetylation in NR2B promoter region(r=0.596,P＜0.05),and the CPP score were positively correlated with the expression of H3K9 acetylation in NR2B promoter region (r=0.542,P＜0.05).Conclusion The increasing acetylation level of H3K9 in NR2B promoter region in the hippocampus may be one of the epigenetic mechanisms of promoting ethanolseeking behavior,and H3K9 deacetylation in NR2B promoter region in the hippocampus is likely to be a new target for controlling ethanol dependence.

The changes of NR2B expression in the striatum of rats with chronic alcohol exposured at different withdrawal time / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To observe the changes of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor 2B subunit (NR2B) expression in the striatum of chronic alcohol exposured rats at different withdrawal time.Methods 72 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into withdrawal 2h group,withdrawal 6h group,withdrawal 12h group,withdrawal 1d group,withdrawal 3d group and control group,and 12 rats in each group.In the 5 withdrawal groups,ethanol was administered in drinking water at the concentration of 6％ (V/V) for 16 weeks,and rats in control group were maintained with water.After 16 weeks ethanol was removed and ethanol withdrawal syndromes were evaluated.The expression of NR2B protein in the striatum was measured by immunofluorescence and western blot and the expression of NR2B mRNA in the striatum was measured by realtime PCR.Results Compared with withdrawal scores of control group((1.50±0.80)),scores of withdrawal 2h,6h,12h,1d,3d groups ((10.42±2.50),(15.42± 1.93),(9.25±2.01),(7.67± 1.92),(2.25±0.87) respectively) were higher,and the withdrawal scores of withdrawal 6h group were the highest.Compared with the expression of NR2B fluorescence intensity (2210.00± 178.20),the expression of NR2B protein(0.150±0.009) and the expression of NR2B mRNA(0.006±0.001) in the striatum of control group,the expression of NR2B fluorescence intensity (2710.56 ± 194.21),(5035.16 ± 234.41),(3326.23 ± 378.16),(2570.64 ±177.88),the expression of NR2B protein (0.192±0.008),(1.649±0.205),(0.783±0.109),(0.180±0.009) and the expression of NR2B mRNA (0.026±0.002),(0.351±0.034),(0.248± 0.023),(0.024±0.003) of withdrawal 2h,6h,12h,ld groups were significantly higher (P＜0.05),and with the extension of the withdrawal time,the expression was gradually increased.The expression of withdrawal 6h group was the highest,then began to decline,and returned to baseline levels at withdrawal 3 d(P＞0.05).Withdrawal scores were positively correlated with the expression of NR2B protein(r=0.719,P＜0.01),the expression of NR2B protein was positively correlated with the expression of NR2B mRNA(r=0.937,P＜0.01),and the expression of NR2B mRNA was positively correlated with withdrawal scores(r=0.673,P＜0.01).Conclusion The expression of NR2B was up-regulated in the striatum of chronic alcohol exposured rats at different withdrawl time.NR2B protein and NR2B mRNA expression is positively correlated with the withdrawal scores,suggesting that regulating the expression of NR2B may be a new target for the treatment of ethanol withdrawal symptoms.

Homology and clinical distribution of tigecycline-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii / 中国感染控制杂志

Objective To study the homology and clinical distribution of tigecycline-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (A.baumannii )in a hospital.Methods Multidrug-resistant A.baumannii (MDRAB,n = 88 )from specimens from clinical departments of a hospital in 2013-2014 were collected and detected susceptibility to tigecy-cline;homology of tigecycline-resistant strains were detected by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE),clinical characteristics and distribution of infected patients were analyzed.Results 88 patients didn’t use tigecycline before MDRAB were isolated.Of 88 MDRAB strains,4 (4.55%)were resistant to tigecycline,which were No.10,31 , 33,and 87 strains.PFGE results revealed that No.31 ,33,and 87 strains were of the same genotype,and with high homology,which distributed in three different departments;No.31 strain was detected from general intensive care unit (ICU),No.33 strain was detected from emergency ICU,although strains were detected from different depart-ments,patients were transferred before strains were isolated,and were admitted to departments of gastrointestinal surgery and emergency ICU during the same period;No.87 strain was detected from neurosurgical ICU and patient had never been transferred,the detection time was 7-8 months later than No.31 and 33 strains.No.10 strain was isolated from emergency ICU,patient was not transferred.Conclusion Of MDRAB isolated in this hospital,tigecy-cline-resistant strains are low,most strains are homologous,cross infection may be exists in different departments.

Toxicity of outer membrane vesicles derived from Acinetobacter baumannii strains with different drug-resistance spectrums / 中华临床感染病杂志

Objective To compare the toxicity of outer membrane vesicles ( OMVs) secreted by Acinetobacter baumannii strains with different drug-resistance spectrums.Methods Four Acinetobacter baumannii strains with different drug-resistance spectrums were collected (strain 33, 3237, B29 and 10), and OMVs produced by these strains were extracted and purified.BCA assay was used to determine the protein concentrations, and RAW264.7 cells were incubated with different concentrations of OMVs for 24 h. Cell viability was measured with CCK-8 assay, and gene expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha ( TNF-α) , interleukin-6 ( IL-6) , interleukin-1 beta ( IL-1β) , keratinocyte-derived chemokine ( KC) and macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2) was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR.One-way ANOVA was used for data analysis.Results According to the result of drug susceptibility test, strain 10 was extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii ( XDRAB ) strain, strain B29 was multi-drug resistance Acinetobacter baumannii (MDRAB) strain, while strain 33 and 3237 were non-MDRAB strains.After incubated with different concentrations of OMVs for 24 h, cell viability of RAW264.7 declined with the increase of OMVs concentrations.OMVs released from strain10, B29 and 3237 significantly lowered the cell viability at the concentration of 5 μg/mL, while the cytotoxicity of OMVs released from strain 33 was much weaker, and no remarkable decrease in cell viability was observed even at the concentration of 25 μg/mL.OMVs of all strains induced the release of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, KC and MIP-2 in RAW264.7 cells, and the levels of theses cytokines were increased with the concentration of OMVs.Inflammatory response in cells incubated with OMVs from strain 33 was the weakest, while OMVs from strain 10 induced strongest inflammatory response.KC and MIP-2 levels were significantly higher in RAW264.7 cells incubated with OMVs from strain 10 with a concentration of 5 μg/mL than that incubated with OMVs from other strains ( F=19.094 and 19.032,P<0.05 or <0.01).Conclusions OMVs from Acinetobacter baumannii strains with different drug-resistance spectrums are of different toxicity.OMVs from XDRAB and MDRAB strains have higher toxicities and may induce stronger inflammatory response.

A randomized, double-blind, controlled study: Ji-Tai tablet for the treatment of acute withdrawl syndrome of mild heroin dependence / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the efficacy and safety of Ji-Tai tablet and Ji-Tai tablet combined with buprenorphine in the treatment of patients with acute withdrawal syndrome of mild heroin dependence.@*METHODS@#A total of 150 patients with mild heroin dependence were recruited, and were randomly assigned to a Ji-Tai tablet group (n=50), a Ji-Tai tablet combined with buprenorphine group (n=50) and a control group (n=50) during a 10-day clinical trial. Opiate withdrawal scale (OWS) was used to measure the severity of withdrawal symptoms. Anxiety symptoms assessments were made at 0 day (baseline), the day 5 (middle), and the day 10 (end) by the Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA). Symptoms were assessed before and 1 h or 2 h after medication each day. The total withdrawal symptoms scores and the daily reduction rate were used to measure the effect of Ji-Tai tablet vs Ji- Tai tablet plus buprenorphine. Safety evaluation was carried out by the following measures: baseline of treatment, drug side effects after the treatment, vital signs (blood pressure, heart rate, and respiration rate), laboratory examination (routine blood and urine tests and the liver and kidney function tests), and electrocardiograms.@*RESULTS@#A total of 142 mild heroin dependence patients performed the experiments (including 48 in the Ji-Tai tablet group, 48 in the Ji-Tai tablet with buprenorphine group and 46 in the control group). The scores of baseline withdrawal symptoms were 43.520±19.786, 42.640±17.648 and 47.100±24.450, respectively, with no significant differences among the 3 groups (all P>0.05 ). During the 10-day treatment, the reduction rate of acute withdrawal symptoms scores increased daily, the acute withdrawal syndrome scores and the anxiety symptoms scores declined from day 0 to day 10, there was also no significant difference among the 3 groups (all P>0.05). Ji-Tai tablet did not affect vital signs such as blood pressure, heart rate, and respiration rate.@*CONCLUSION@#Ji-Tai tablet or Ji-Tai tablet combined with buprenorphine had no effect on acute withdrawal symptoms of mild heroin dependence.

Relationship between memory impairment and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 2B expression in alcohol dependence patients / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To explore the characteristic of memory impairment and its relationship with Nmethyl-D-aspartate receptor 2B (NR2B) expression in alcohol dependence patients,in order to provide an unprecedented view of alcohol-associated memory impairment therapy.Methods Participants (n=67) included 35 alcohol dependence patients and 32 matched healthy controls.Wechsler memory scale (WMS) was used to access the memory.The expression levels of NR2B were detected with quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).Results Compared with the memory quotient(MQ) of controls(69.45±8.96),that of alcohol dependence patients(50.59±8.64) significantly decreased (t=-6.08,P＜0.01).Compared with the NR2B expression level of controls (1.00-0.00),that of alcohol dependence patients (3.52 ± 1.17) significantly increased (t =9.67,P＜0.01).MQ was negatively correlated with the levels of NR2B expression (r=-0.44,P＜0.05).Conclusion Alcohol dependence patients suffer memory impairment detected by WMS,and modulate NR2B expression may improve the memory.

Nursing of patients with thyroid cancer undergoing micro-endoscopic resection / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To explore the clinical effect of micro-endoscopic resection of thyroid cancer and supply corresponding nursing measures through comparison of micro-endoscopic resection and conventional thyroidectomy.Methods 60 cases of thyroid cancer patients during May 2011 to March 2012 were selected.The experimental group (30 cases) underwent micro-endoscopic resection,while the control group was given conventional thyroidectomy.Items such as the operation time,bleeding volume in operation,complication,incision length,postoperative pain evaluation,postoperative resumption time of activity of neck were compared between the two groups.Results The total operation time was (105.4±28.7)min in the experimental group,and (98.1±22.4) min in the control group respectively.The bleeding volume was (22.4±11.6) ml in the experimental group,and (47.3±18.2) ml in the control group respectively.The postoperative resumption time of activity of neck was (22.3±7.7) h in the experimental group,(39.0±10.8) h in the control group.The above items had significant statistical difference between two groups.The incidence of complication had significant statistical difference between two groups.The incision length of the experimental group was (2.95±0.13) cm,(7.72±0.93) cm in the control group,there was significant statistical difference between two groups.Conclusions Compared with conventional surgery,micro-endoscopic technique in thyroid surgery has good efficacy.And assisting with essential nursing strategy,the effcacy of microendoscopic technique can be improved.

Relationship on personality characteristics and event related potential P300 with internet addiction disorder of youngsters / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To explore the relation between personality characteristics and event related potential P300 with internet addiction disorder(IAD) of youngsters.Methods Eysenck Personality Questionnaire and event related potential test were used for forty-two IAD and forty non-IAD in youngsters,and the results were compared between the two groups.Results The latency of N2,P3 ((267.2±24.2) ms,(374.5 ±22.0) ms) of event related potential in IAD group were significantly longer and the amplitude of P3 ((3.9± 2.5) μV) was significantly lower than those in non-IAD group((235.7±21.8) ms,(332.3±23.5) ms,(7.8±2.4) μV) (P＜0.01).And the indexes of P,N score (56.2±9.4,49.8±7.4) of Eysenck Personality Questionnaire were significant higher than those in non-IAD group(51.9±9.7,42.4±7.5)(P＜0.01),but the indexes of E,L score (45.7±9.0,44.3±7.9)of Eysenck Personality Questionnaire were significant lower than those in non-IAD group(51.2±9.4,50.9±8.3) (P＜0.01).Correlation analysis showed that there were remarkable positive correlation with latency of P300 and P,N score of Eysenck Personality Questionnaire respectively in IAD group(r=0.49,0.54,P＜0.01),and a significant negative correlation with E,L score(r=-0.43,-0.46,P＜0.01),there was a remarkable negative correlation with amplitude of P300 and P,N score of Eysenck Personality Questionnaire respectively in IAD group(r=-0.41,-0.50,P＜0.01),and a significant positive correlation with E,L score(r=0.45,0.47,P＜0.01).Conclusion IAD in youngsters has personality characteristics and cognitive dysfunction,and it has a relation with personality and event related potential P300.

Determination of cognition function and sleep status in goungsters with internet addiction disorder and correlation analysis / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective To explore the changes of cognition and sleep status in the youngsters with internet addiction disorder (IAD), and to clarify the relation between cognition and sleep-related indicators of IAD youngsters.Methods Event related potential (ERP) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)test were used for forty-two IAD (case group)and forty non-IAD (control group) in youngsters, and the indexes of period latency (PL)of N1 ,P2 ,N2 ,P3 and amplitude of P3 (P3 amp)of ERP were analyzed,the factor scores of sleep quality (SQ), sleep latency (SL), sleep time (ST), sleep efficiency (SE), sleep dysfunction (SD), sleeping pills (SP), daytime dysfunction (DD)and total score of PSQI were analyzed. The correlation between the P3 PL, P3 amp of ERP and all the indexes of PSQI in case group was analyzed.Results The PL of N2 ,P3 of ERP in case group was significanly longer and the P3 amp was significantly lower than those in control group (P<0.01);the factor scores of the SQ,SL,ST,SE,SD,DD,and the total score of PSQI test had significant differences between two groups (P<0.01).The correlation analysis results showed that there were remarkable positive correlations between the P3 PL and the factor seores of the SQ,SL,ST,SE,SD,DD and the total score of PSQI test in case group (r=0.46,0.34,0.51,0.40,0.48,and 0.54;P<0.01),and there were remarkable negative correlations betweeb P3 amp and the indexes of PSQI test in case group (r=-0.42,-0.45,-0.49,-0.38,-0.38,and -0.50;P<0.01).Conclusion The IAD youngsters have cognition and sleep dysfunction,and the both factors can affect each other.