Reliability and validity of the 10-item resilience sale in Chinese community-dwelling adults / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To explore the reliability and validity of the 10-item Connor-Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC-10) in Chinese community-dwelling adults.Methods:Using multistage stratified sampling, totally 2 051 community-dwelling adults were selected and they were investigated by the 10-item Connor-Davidson resilience scale, the center for epidemiological studies depression scale (CES-D) and 10-item Kessler psychological distress scale (K10). The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to evaluate the CD-RISC-10 by SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 22.0.A parallel analysis and Velicer's minimum average partial (MAP) test were also supplemented to confirm the EFA-derived structure of the scale.Results:The Cronbach α coefficient of the CD-RISC-10 was 0.94, and the Spearman-Brown reliability was 0.89.The total correlation of the questions ranged from 0.74 to 0.81 (all P<0.01). The exploratory factor analysis retained its single dimension, which can explain 63.24% of the total variance.Confirmatory factor analysis revealed the single factor model fit data adequately ( χ2/ df=4.596, CFI=0.967, TLI=0.973, RMSEA=0.065). The resilience(27.02±13.50) was negatively correlated with depression(9.75±5.24) and psychological distress (19.23±6.37)( r=-0.32, -0.35, both P<0.01). Conclusion:The CD-RISC-10 scale has acceptable reliability and validity, with using easily and conveniently.Therefore, it is an effective tool for measuring the resilience of the community-dwelling adults.

Abnormal gray matter and structural covariance network in first-episode and early-onset depression / 中华放射学杂志

Objective:To investigate the abnormalities of gray matter volume (GMV) and the synergistic changes in different cerebral regions in the first-episode and early-onset depression (EOD) patients.Methods:A total of 60 patients with untreated EOD (EOD group) and 64 healthy controls (control group) matched for age, gender, and education underwent high-resolution T 1WI MR scans. Voxel-based morphometry was used to calculate the cerebral GMV. The difference in GMV between the two groups was compared with the t-test. Different brain regions were selected as seeds for structural covariation network (SCN) analysis. Spearman correlation model was used to analyze the correlation between the GMV in different cerebral regions and illness duration as well as the scores of Hamilton rating scale for depression (HAMD) 17 items in EOD group. Results:Compared to control group, the EOD group had significantly increased GMV in the right orbitofrontal cortex, right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, right inferior parietal lobule, right superior parietal lobule and bilateral precuneus ( P<0.05, corrected by FDR). Based on the right orbitofrontal cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex as seed regions, structural covariance analysis revealed that abnormal cooperative brain regions in EOD group, mainly distributed in the bilateral frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, temporal lobe, paralimbic system and cerebellum ( P<0.05, corrected by FDR). In EOD group, significant negative correlations were observed between the GMV in the right orbitofrontal cortex ( r=-0.314, P=0.015), the left precuneus ( r=-0.283, P=0.029), and illness duration. Significant positive correlations were observed between the GMV in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the scores of anxiety/somatization factor of HAMD17 ( r=0.331, P=0.010), the left precuneus and weight factor of HAMD17 ( r=0.255, P=0.049), respectively. Conclusions:Abnormal GMV changes are observed in some regions of the prefrontal and parietal lobule in patients with untreated EOD, accompanied by extensive covariant brain regions and additional structural connectivity. In addition, the abnormal GMV changes in some regions are associated with clinical features. Part of the prefrontal and parietal lobule may be the biomarkers to objectively evaluate abnormal brain structure in depression patients in the early stage.

Oxygen-challenge MR study on the dynamic evolution of ischemic penumbra in rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion / 中华放射学杂志

Objective:To investigate the application value of oxygen-challenge MRI in the identification of ischemic penumbra in acute middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model in rats.Methods:Fifty-eight SD rats were received MCAO processing. Ten MCAO rats were randomly selected. MRI scanning was performed and modified neurological severity score mNSS was evaluated before and after oxygen stimulation at the 1st, 3rd, 6th and 12th hour after MCAO model preparation. The scanning data before and after oxygen stimulation were recorded as air group and oxygen group respectively. T 1 values and T 1 change rate of different brain regions were measured. Twenty-four MCAO rats were selected for oxygen stimulation according to the above four time points. At each time point, 3 MCAO rats were randomly selected for HE staining and recorded as oxygen stimulation group 1 ( n=12). Meanwhile, 3 MCAO rats were randomly selected for immunohistochemical examination at each time points to determine the expression of protein kinase C receptor (RACK1), recorded as oxygen stimulation group 2 ( n = 12). Another 24 MCAO rats were selected without oxygen stimulation. Among them, three MCAO rats were randomly selected at each time point for HE staining, recorded as non-oxygen stimulation group 1 ( n=12); and three MCAO rats were randomly selected at each time point for immunohistochemistry to detect the expression of RACK1, recorded as non-oxygen stimulation group 2 ( n=12). Independent sample t-test was used for the comparison between the two groups. One way ANOVA was used for the comparison in T 1 change rate between different brain regions, and repeated measurement ANOVA was used for the comparison of T 1 change rate in the same brain region at different time points. The correlation between the expression of RACK1 protein in oxygen group 2 and non-oxygen group 2, as well as T 1 values in air group and oxygen group was analyzed by Spearman analysis. Results:At the same time point, the difference of mNSS scores between air group and oxygen group was statistically significant ( P<0.05). At different time points, the difference of mNSS between the two groups was also found statistically significant ( P<0.05). There were significant differences in T 1 values and T 1 change rate between air group and oxygen group in ischemic core area, mismatched area and contralateral normal area, among which the difference was statistically significant (all P<0.05). At different time points, the cellular edema or vacuolation in the cerebral ischemic area of 24 MCAO rats in the oxygen challenge group 1 and the non-oxygen challenge group 1 showed an aggravating trend, and the degree of cellular edema or vacuolation in the cerebral ischemic area of the non oxygen challenge group 1 was slightly less degree than that of the non-oxygen challenge group 1. The expression of RACK1 protein in the cerebral ischemia area of 24 MCAO rats in the oxygen challenge group 2 and the non-oxygen challenge group 2 decreased at different time points, and the expression of RACK1 protein in the non-oxygen challenge group 2 was higher than that in the oxygen challenge group 2 ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Oxygen challenge MRI can be used to determine the oxygen metabolism in the brain infarction tissue of MCAO rats. The oxygen challenge MRI T 1 value and T 1 change rate can help to identify the ischemic penumbra of MCAO rats. Oxygen stimulation may delay the development of cerebral ischemia. The expression of RACK1 plays a protective role in acute cerebral ischemia and is related to the development of hypoxia in brain tissue.

Whole-tumor histogram analysis of apparent diffusion coefficient maps in grading diagnosis of ependymoma / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To study the value of whole tumors volume based apparent diffusion coefficient histogram analysis in grading diagnosis of ependymoma. Methods Seventy?one patients with ependymal tumors were retrospectively analyzed, including 13 cases of WHOⅠ, 28 cases of WHOⅡ, 30 cases of WHO Ⅲ. Regions of interest (ROI) in the apparent diffusion coefficient maps of three groups on each layer of tumor level were drawn by using MaZda software and were analyzed using the whole tumors gray histogram. The histogram parameters of the three groups all fitted the normal distribution and homogeneity test of variance. The ANOVA analysis was used to compare the three groups. LSD-t test was used to compare the two groups to find out statistical significance of each parameter. Results Through histogram analysis of 9 parameters, three parameters were statistically significant (P<0.05), including variance, perc. 01％ and perc. 10％. The remaining 6 parameters had no significant difference between the three groups (P>0.05). Between the WHOⅠand the WHOⅡ, the sensitivity of perc.10％was 85.7％, the specificity was 87.7％, the area under the curve was 0.835, and the best cut-off value was 131.33. Between the WHOⅠand the WHOⅢ, the sensitivity of perc.10％was 85.7％, the specificity was 100.0％, the area under the curve was 0.872, and the cut-off was 126.5.Between the WHOⅡand the WHOⅢ, the sensitivity of variance was 68.4％, the specificity was 79.6％, the area under the curve was 0.794, and the cut-off was 2645.7. They had a high identification efficiency. Conclusion Whole-tumor histogram analysis of apparent diffusion coefficient maps could provide ancillary diagnostic value in grading diagnosis of ependymoma. Perc.10％and variance had a high diagnostic efficiency.

The MRI findings of cavernous hemangioma in the thoracic spinal epidural space / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To explore the MRI features of cavernous hemangioma in the thoracic spinal epidural space,to improve the recognition of the disease.Methods The clinical,pathological and MRI data of 7 cases with cavernous hemangioma in the thoracic spinal epidural space confirmed by surgery and pathology were analyzed retrospectively.Results 7 cases of cavernous hemangioma in the thoracic spinal epidural space were included in our study,all cases underwent MRI contrast enhancement examination and 6 of them underwent conventional MRI examination.On T1WI,4 cases showed hypointensity,2 cases showed slightly hypointensity and 1 case showed mixed slightly hypointensity.On T2WI,5 cases showed slightly hyperintensity,1 case showed slightly hypointensity. On fat suppression sequence,5 cases showed hyperintensity,1 case showed heterogeneous hyperintensity.On diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI),7 cases showed obviously hyperintensity.On contrast-enhanced images,the lesions enhanced homogeneously in 5,enhanced heterogeneously in 2.Conclusion MRI can display the location,appearance and enhancement pattern of thoracic spinal epidural cavernous hemangioma distinctly,while definite diagnosis of which still depends on pathology.

Imaging features of oligodendroglioma in cerebellar hemispheres / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To improve the diagnosis of oligodendroglioma(OD)in cerebellar hemispheres and discuss MRI features. Methods Clinical and imaging data of 7 cases with OD in cerebellar hemispheres were analyzed retrospectively,which were confirmed by surgery and pathology.Results In 7 patients,4 patients were OD,and 3 patients were anaplastic oligodendroglioma(AOD).MRI showed hypointense on T1WI and vividly hyperintense or mixed hyperintense on T2WI.The time intensity curve(TIC)manifested rise slowly;DWI(b=1 000 s/mm2) showed homogeneously hypointense or iso-hypointense.The ratios of OD and AOD were 1.753±0.784,1.660±0.551 respectively;Magnetic resonance spectroscopy(MRS)of oligodendrogliomas revealed a increased choline(Cho)and reduced N-acetylaspartate(NAA)without lactate(Lac)peak.Conclusion MRI manifestation of OD in cerebellar hemispheres has certain characteristics:the boundary of lesion is unclear, irregular in shape,easy to cystic and necrotic,with or without peripheral edema of the tumor,delayed enhancement,higher in Cho peak,lower in NAA peak and lacking in Lac peak.

Application of MRI histogram analysis in assessment risk of medulloblastoma recurrence / 中国介入影像与治疗学

Objective To explore the value of MRI histogram analysis in the risk assessment of medulloblastoma recur rence.Methods The data of 28 patients pathologically confirmed of medulloblastoma was analyzed retrospectively.All patients were divided into recurrent group and the non recurrent group (each n=14).The ROIs were drawn on the maximum level of enhanced MR sagittal images,and the histogram analysis were performed using the software named Mazda.The statistical analysis was performed on the histogram parameters to find out the different characteristics between the two groups,and the ROC curve was drawn to evaluate its diagnostic efficacy for recurrence of medulloblastoma.Results In all of the 9 parameters which are extracted from histogram,kurtosis had statistical significance between the 2 groups (P=0.018).The area under the ROC curve was 0.776 (P=0.018),and the sensitivity and specificity of kurtosis in the risk assessment of medulloblastoma recurrence were 64.3％ and 71.4％,respectively.Conclusion MRI histogram analysis can be an important method to assess the risk of medulloblastoma recurrence.