Research advances in abnormal activation and secretion of pancreatic enzymes in acute pancreatitis / 临床肝胆病杂志

Abnormal activation and secretion of pancreatic enzymes in pancreatic acinar cells is one of the important pathogeneses of acute pancreatitis (AP) and can directly damage the pancreatic tissue to accelerate disease progression and induce severe AP. At present, the drugs inhibiting the abnormal activation and secretion of pancreatic enzymes tend to have an unsatisfactory effect in clinical practice, and therefore, it is of great importance to search for new therapeutic targets. This article summarizes the pathological events of abnormal activation and secretion of pancreatic enzymes (cytoplasmic calcium overload, colocalization of lysosomes and zymogen granules, organelle injury, obstructed apical secretion of trypsin, and increased basal secretion of trypsin), collects the molecular mechanisms of related events, and discusses the role of abnormal activation and secretion of pancreatic enzymes in the early stage of AP, so as to provide ideas for the development of targeted drugs in the future.

The practice, experience and reflections of the establishment and management of a birth cohort with 500, 000 pregnant women / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:To lay a foundation for the continuous improvement of the birth cohort management in the future, and provides references for other hospitals in establishing the birth cohort through sharing the practice, experience and reflection of the establishment and management of the birth cohort of 500, 000 pregnant women.Methods:The present situation and data of the establishment and management of the birth cohort of 500, 000 pregnant women were summarized to describing the practice, experience and reflection.Results:The specific work regarding the establishment and management of the cohort include personnel investment, standards development, implementation process and quality control. Three phases of the management experiences were summarized which including explorative process implementation; standardize project implementation, and quality improvement along with the fast development of the birth cohort. Generally, the attention of leadership was one of the most important factors for the establishment and management of birth cohort in each research site.Conclusions:It is important that comprehensive considerations of factors including the personnel, standards, practical management process, quality control and the attention of leadership plays important role in improving the quality and efficiency of birth cohort establishment and management.

Early diagnosis of acute pancreatitis in pregnancy / 临床肝胆病杂志

Acute pancreatitis in pregnancy is one of the rare and serious complications in pregnancy and has sudden onset, rapid disease progression, and difficulty in diagnosis, and thus it greatly threatens the health of mother and infant. Accurate judgement of the etiology of acute pancreatitis in pregnancy and confirmed diagnosis as early as possible are the key to successful clinical treatment. This article summarizes the recent advances in the early diagnosis of this disease from the aspects of etiology of acute pancreatitis in pregnancy, methods for early diagnosis and examination, and differential diagnosis of this disease from other diseases.

The role of autophagy in the development and progression of acute pancreatitis / 临床肝胆病杂志

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an exocrine inflammatory disease of the pancreas, the pathophysiological mechanism of AP remains unclear. Autophagy is an important pathway of metabolic degradation in cells, and autophagy impairment is closely associated with the development and progression of many diseases. Recent studies have found that the process of autophagy is abnormal in AP, with impaired fusion of autophagosome and lysosome and a significant reduction in the degradation function of autolysosome. Abnormal activation of pancreatic enzymes and inflammatory response is the key event in the initiation of AP, and abnormal autophagy is closely associated with these two events. The study of the upstream and downstream mechanisms of autophagy dysfunction in AP may help to find new molecular targets and strategies for the treatment of AP.

Overall burden of cerebral small vessel disease imaging and stroke outcomes / 国际脑血管病杂志

Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is an imaging and clinical syndrome caused by intracranial small vessel lesions.Studies have confirmed that CSVD is closely associated with the stroke outcomes.The overall burden is a concept based on a single imaging marker of CSVD,which can comprehensively reflect the severity of brain injury and identify high-risk stroke patients.This article reviews the correlation between the overall burden of the CSVD imaging and the stroke outcomes.

Clinical value of serum HBV RNA / 临床肝胆病杂志

Although there are various indicators for evaluating the effect of anti-HBV therapy,they have low accuracy and sensitivity.New indicators are still needed to guide clinical practice.Recent studies have found that HBV RNA might be a new potential indicator for clinical detection.This article reviews the basic concepts of HBV RNA,related detection methods,and the value of HBV RNA in clinical diagnosis.

Expression and significance of classical ACE-AngII-AT1 axis and new ACE2-Ang (1-7)-Mas axis of renin-angiotensin system in local pancreas / 临床肝胆病杂志

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a classical circulating enzyme pathway that plays an important role in regulation of pancreatic function. In recent years, with deepening understanding of RAS, researchers found that RAS not only includes the classical ACE-Ang II-AT1 axis, but also includes the new ACE2-Ang (1-7)-Mas axis. Extensive studies have confirmed that the ACE2-Ang (1-7)-Mas axis can antagonize the effect of the ACE-Ang II-AT1 axis. This paper reviews the composition and function of both axes of the RAS in the local pancreas, and also presents the comparison between the two axes.

Therapeutic effect of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with different patterns of syndromes / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is classified into four types, and the major treatment is to tonify kidney and nourishyin, clear blood stasis and toxin by the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Even though, there are stil many patients with poor efficacy. Mesenchymal stem cels have the capacity of multiple differentiation, hematopoietic support and immune regulation, thus having been used for the treatment of refractory, recurrent SLE and achieving good effects. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the therapeutic effect of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cel transplantation on SLE patients with different patterns of syndromes. METHODS: Twenty-one SLE patients were clustered to four syndrome types of TCM, including heat-toxin,yin deficiency of liver and kidney,yang deficiency of spleen and kidney, andqi stagnation and blood stasis. The changes in clinical and laboratory indicators were analyzed statisticaly before and after cel transplantation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The level of 24-hour proteinuria and SLE disease activity index scores in SLE patients were significantly decreased at 1, 3, 6 months after cel transplantation (P < 0.01). Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cel transplantation could significantly reduce the 24-hour proteinuria in SLE patients withyin deficiency of liver and kidney at 1, 3 and 6 months (P < 0.01), while slightly reduce the 24-hour proteinuria in SLE patients with heat-toxin andqi stagnation and blood stasis at 1, 3 months (P < 0.05) as wel as in SLE patients withyang deficiency of spleen and kidney at 1 month (P < 0.05). Additionaly, umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cel transplantation could increase the serum albumin levels in al the SLE patients (P < 0.01), although the changes in patients with heat-toxin were moderate (P < 0.05). Al the SLE patients of four types had an increasing trend of their platelet counting after cel transplantation, but there was no statistical difference before and after cel transplantation. Taken together, umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cel transplantation is effective for treatment of SLE, but has different therapeutic efficacy on SLE patients with different syndrome types of TCM.

Validation for determination method of microbacteria limit of Shuitiaosan powder / 药学实践杂志

Objective To validate the determination method of microbacteria limit of Shuitiaosan powder .Methods Plate counting method was used .The method of counting bacteria and mould was validated by the recovery rates with 5 control strains .The method of checking control bacteria was validated by observing cultivation of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the test group, positive control group and negative control group in the same environment .Results The recovery rate of every trail strains was higher than 70%when centrifugal sedimentation methods were used in the counting bacteria and mould .To the examination of con-trol bacteria , Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were detected by the centrifugal sedimentation methods .The tested strains were observed in the test group and in the positive control group .No strains were observed in the negative control group .Con-clusion The methods are simple , feasible, reliable and can be used for the examination of microbacteria limit .

Pathogenetic mechanism of microcirculatory disturbance and treatment advances in acute pancreatitis / 临床肝胆病杂志

In recent years,there has been increasing evidence that microcirculatory disturbance,including vasoconstriction,shunting,inad-equate perfusion,increased blood viscosity,and coagulation,is closely associated with the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis (AP).These processes may be exacerbated by ischaemia-reperfusion injury and the generation of oxygen radicals.The anatomical features of pancreatic microcirculation,the pathophysiological mechanism of pancreatic microcirculation disturbance and related inflammatory mediators,and pro-gress in the treatment of microcirculatory disturbance in AP are reviewed.It is suggested that the pancreatic and systemic microcirculation may play a key role in the development and progression of AP.

Effects of Arkadia on TGF-β/Smad signal transduction pathway / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a multifunctional protein and regulates a wide variety of cellular bio-effects,such as proliferation,differentiation,migration and apoptosis.Studies have proven that TGF-β is one of the important cytokines that promote fibrosis,and it is confirmed to be closely related to the progression of tumor.Smad signaling is the major pathway in which TGF-β fulfills its functions.These years,it has been found that E3 ubiquitin ligases Arkadia can enhance the biological effect of TGF-β signal transduction pathway through Smad signaling pathway.Therefore,it is increasingly attracting public attention.This study will summarize the effects of Arkadia on TGF-β/Smad signal transduction pathway.

Mechanisms of acute pancreatitis with complications of ALI and ARDS / 国际外科学杂志

Acute pancreatitis happens rapidly and leads to patient's condition changing swiftly.Acute pancreatitis may be complicated by acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS),or even multiple organ dysfunction syndrome,and the mortality rate has been high.The mechanism of acute pancreatitis with complications of ALI and ARDS is intricate.It involves the uncontrolled inflammatory response,the damage and apoptosis of cell,the role of trypsin,the imbalance of coagulation and fibrinolysis,etc.These respects interrelate with each other,forming a complex network.Further study of mechanism of acute pancreatitis complicated with ALI and ARDS will supply more new target for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Measurement of Urinary S100B Protein Concentrations for the Early Evaluation of Brain Damage in Preterm Infants / 天津医药

Objective: To investigate the changes of urinary S100B protein concentrations and their relationship with brain damage in preterm infants there of . Methods: The urinary S100B protein of 84 preterm infants and 26 full term infants, which were used as control, were measured at 24 h and 120 h after birth. At the same time, routine clinical observations, neurologic patterns and ultrasound screens were recorded. The value of urinary S100B protein and brain damage were evaluated in preterm infants with different gestational age. Results: The differences of urinary S100B protein were statistical significance between the different gestations. The levels of urinary S100B protein were higher in preterm infants, whose gestations were lower than 32 W, than those of other groups. The levels of S100B protein were significantly higher in samples of 27 peri-intraventricular hemorrhage (PIVH) and 3 peri-ventricular leukomalacia(PVL) than those in samples without brain damage( P ＜ 0.05). The S100B levels were significantly higher in urine of 10 preterm infants with polycethemia than those in infants without brain damages. In addition, the S100B levels were different in urine of preterm infants with different prognosis. The S100B levels were significantly higher in urine of infants who died or deteriorated than those of others(P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion: There is an evident trend of decrease in urinary S100B protein concentration with increasing gestational age. It will be helpful to identify preterm infants with PIVH,PVL and high risk of brain damages by measurement of S100B protein in urine early after birth, which indicates further inspection, provides protective treatment and enhances follow up.

RAPD Applied to Molecular Epidemiology of Enterobacter aerogenes in a Neonatal Unit / 中华医院感染学杂志

OBJECTIVE To establish RAPD typing method for Enterobacter aerogenes,and apply RAPD to study molecular epidemiology of E.aerogenes in a neonatal unit.METHODS Five E.aerogenes strains were isolated from four patients in the same neonatal unit at the same time.These strains were typed by RAPD technique.Antibiotic susceptibility was determined by MIC to evaluate drug-resistance.RESULTS Two strains belonging to a unique RAPD-typed ones were epidemiologically related strains.These strains isolated from two patients who hospitalized in the same neonatal unit for four and ten days,respectively.Five E.aerogenes strains were resistant to aminoglycosides,piperacillin and the third-generation cephalosporins in varying degree.CONCLUSIONS RAPD technique is a very easy and reliable molecular tool in the study of E.aerogenes epidemiology.Antibiotic resistance of E.aerogenes is probably related with the history of using antibiotics.