RESUMO
El aumento de tuberculosis y la multidrogo resistencia de cepas de micobacterias es un problema de los sistemas de salud, en 2009, en el Hospital Roosevelt Gordillo y cols, determinaron la TB-MDR en pacientes con tuberculosis diagnosticada microbiológicamente, la tasa de resistencia fue de 4.3%. Objetivo: Determinar los patrones de resistencia y perfiles genéticos de cepas con monoresistencia y cepas TB-MDR del Complejo M. tuberculosis. Métodos: Se utilizaron dos métodos para evaluar las cepas de M. tuberculosis, un método fenotípico, MGIT, y un método Genotípico, Genotype HAIN LifeScience para determinar el perfil genético de las cepas. Resultados: Se evaluaron 846 cepas de micobacterias de los años 2008 al 2013, encontrándose un 2.2% de TB-MDR. Las cepas evaluadas genotípicamente fueron 761, a las cuales se determinó los genes de resistencia, encontrándose monoresistencia a Isoniacida en 58 cepas, 7.6%, monoresistencia a Rifampicina en 18 cepas, 2.4% y 15 cepas MDR, 2.0%. Las mutaciones más frecuentes en monoresistencia fueron inhA MUT1 y katG MUT1 y la combinación de ambos genes 3.2%, 3.0% y 1.3%, para cepas TB-MDR la combinación rpoB Mutación silenciosa + katG MUT1 + inhA MUT1. Se encontró que en pacientes con cepas MDR el 3.1% son HIV+ y el 1.5% son HIV-...(AU)
Introduction: The increase of tuberculosis and multidrug resistance in mycobacteria strains is a problem for health systems, in 2009, in Hospital Roosevelt, Gordillo and cols, determined the TB-MDR in patients diagnosed with tuberculosis microbiologically, the resistance rate was 4.3%. Objective: To determine the resistance patterns and genetic profiles of monoresistant strains and MDR-TB strains of M. tuberculosis complex. Methods: Two methods for evaluating M. tuberculosis strains were used, a phenotypic method, MGIT, and a genotypic method, Genotype HAIN LifeScience to determine the genetic profile of the strains. Results: 846 strains of mycobacteria of the years 2008 to 2013 were evaluated, finding 2.2% of MDR-TB. The strains genotypically evaluated were 761, of wich, resistance genes were determined, finding isoniazid monoresistance in 58 strains, 7.6%, Rifampicin monoresistance in 18 strains, 2.4% and 15 MDR strains, 2.0%. The most frequent mutations for monoresistant strains were inhA MUT1 and katG MUT1 and the combination of both genes 3.2%, 3.0% and 1.3%, respectively, and the most frequent mutations for TB-MDR strains was the combination rpoB silent mutation + katG MUT1 + inhA MUT1. There was found that in patients with MDR strains 3.1% are HIV+ and 1.5% are HIV-. Conclusions: The percentage of TB-MDR strains was 2.3%, and the most common genes were rpoB silent mutation, inhA MUT1 y katG MUT1. There was found a higher percentage of monoresistance in isoniazid than rifampicin, being the HIV+ patient population the one that presented higher percentages in both monoresistance to RIF and INH and TB-MDR strains.