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Aim To explore the protective effect of Zishen Huoxue Prescription on OGD/R-induced primary hippocampal neuron damage in rats and the possible mechanism. Methods After the isolated primary hippocampal neurons were identified by immunofluorescence, OGD/R induced neuronal damage, and the changes of autophagic flux at different re-oxygenation time were observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. After OGD/R-induced primary hippocampal neurons were intervened with serum containing Zishen Huoxue Prescription, cell viability was detected by CCK-8, cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry, autophagosomes were detected by transmission electron microscopy, and autophagy-related protein expressions were detected by Western blot. Results 10% Zishen Huoxue Prescription-containing serum could significantly improve cell viability and reduce the proportion of cell apoptosis, increase the number of autophagosomes in neurons, and up-regulate the expression of autophagy-related protein PINK1, Parkin, and pATG16L1. Conclusions Zishen Huoxue Prescription can effectively resist OGD/R-induced apoptosis of primary hippocampal neurons in rats, and its effect may be related to the regulation of PINK1-Parkin pathway to promote mitophagy.
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Diabetic cardiomyopathy(DCM) is a specific cardiac complication of diabetes, which occurs independently of coronary artery disease, hypertension or valvular heart disease. Although diabetic cardiomyopathy is increasingly recognized, the underlying mechanisms are still under controversial. Recently, the putative pathological mechanism involves hyperglycemia, protein nonenzymatic glycosylation, oxidative stress, abnormal calcium ion transport, etc. Inflammation is an independent risk factor for left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. NLRP3 inflammation is the most common inflammasome, which can secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-18, and mediate pyroptosis after activated. It manifests a high level of NLRP3 inflammasomes in DCM animal model, which aggravates the damage of pancreatic β-cell function, myocardial injury and the process of myocardial fibrosis. It has been confirmed that Chinese herbal medicine can affect the initiation and activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes, as well as the expression of downstream genes, and then improve the cardiac function of diabetic cardiomyopathy. In this paper, we have summarized the involvement of NLRP3 inflammasomes in the process of diabetic cardiomyopathy and the therapeutic effects of Chinese herbal medicine.
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Objective@#To investigate the therapeutic and immunomodulatory effects of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) on adjuvant arthritis(AA) rats.@*Methods@#Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were established with AA by complete Freund's adjuvant method.They were randomly divided into model group and hUC-MSCs group (2×106 cells/mL, 5×106 cells/mL, tail vein injection), and the Yisaipu group (2.8mg/kg, subcutaneous injection), 6 rats in each group.Another 6 male SD rats were used as the control group.After the model was established, the body weight and paw volume were recorded weekly, the whole body score and the arthritis index score were calculated, and the joint swelling number was calculated.The animals were sacrificed after d35, the weight of thymus and spleen were weighed, and the corresponding index was calculated, the histopathological changes of the ankle joint were observed by HE staining.The percentages of CD4+ CD44+ T cell and CD4+ CD62L+ T cell were detected by flow cytometry.The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β in the serum of AA rats were detected by ELISA.@*Results@#hUC-MSCs relieved paw volume, the whole body score and arthritis index score, and the joint swelling number in AA rats (F=20.573, 89.092, 14.161, 10.914, all P<0.01). hUC-MSCs reduced thymus index[(0.120±0.032), (0.120±0.031)] and spleen index[(0.250±0.070), (0.240±0.018)] (F=6.339, 4.105, all P<0.01), improved structural damage of ankle joint.hUC-MSCs could regulate the percentage of T cell subsets(CD4+ CD62L+ )[(7.0±1.4)%, (7.9±2.2)%], (CD4+ CD44+ )[(15.0±3.6)%, (12.0±1.9)%] in spleen (F=6.331, 12.719, all P<0.01), and down-regulate the levels of TNF-α [(172.0±13.0)ng/L, (150.0±12.0)ng/L] and IL-1β [(75.0±36.0)ng/L, (74.0±20.0)ng/L] in serum (F=8.221, 3.581, all P<0.05) of AA rats by tail vein injection.@*Conclusion@#hUC-MSCs can promote the treatment of AA rats by regulating the function of T cells.
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To investigate the therapeutic and immunomodulatory effects of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells ( hUC-MSCs) on adjuvant arthritis (AA) rats.Methods Twenty -four male Sprague-Dawley( SD) rats were established with AA by complete Freund＇s adjuvant method.They were randomly divided into model group and hUC -MSCs group (2×106 cells／mL,5×106 cells／mL,tail vein injection),and the Yisaipu group (2.8mg／kg,subcutaneous injection ),6 rats in each group.Another 6 male SD rats were used as the control group.After the model was established ,the body weight and paw volume were recorded weekly ,the whole body score and the arthritis index score were calculated ,and the joint swelling number was calculated.The animals were sacrificed after d35,the weight of thymus and spleen were weighed ,and the corresponding index was calculated ,the histopathological changes of the ankle joint were observed by HE staining .The percentages of CD4 +CD44 +T cell and CD4 +CD62L+T cell were detected by flow cytometry.The levels of TNF-α,IL-1βin the serum of AA rats were detected by ELISA.Results hUC-MSCs relieved paw volume ,the whole body score and arthritis index score ,and the joint swelling number in AA rats (F＝20.573,89.092,14.161,10.914,all P＜0.01).hUC-MSCs reduced thymus index[(0.120 ±0.032),(0.120 ±0.031)] and spleen index[(0.250 ±0.070),(0.240 ±0.018)] ( F＝6.339,4.105,all P＜0.01),improved structural damage of ankle joint.hUC-MSCs could regulate the percentage of T cell subsets(CD4 +CD62L+)[(7.0 ±1.4)%,(7.9 ±2.2)%],( CD4 +CD44 +) [(15.0 ±3.6)%,(12.0 ± 1.9)%] in spleen (F＝6.331,12.719,all P＜0.01),and down -regulate the levels of TNF -α[(172.0 ± 13.0)ng／L,(150.0 ±12.0)ng／L] and IL-1β[(75.0 ±36.0)ng／L,(74.0 ±20.0)ng／L] in serum (F＝8.221, 3.581,all P＜0.05) of AA rats by tail vein injection.Conclusion hUC-MSCs can promote the treatment of AA rats by regulating the function of T cells.
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Based on the deletion information of high virulent PRRSV genome, 3 oligonucleotide primer were designed and synthesized. Specific and sensitive reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) assays were de-veloped for the detection of high virulent PRRSV. The sensitivity and specificity of RT-PCR assays were evaluated, the results showing that the detection limit of the assay was found to be 0.265 pg of tissue total RNA, and the protocol have no cross-reaction with classical swine fever virus, porcine circovirus type 2,pseudorabies virus, streptococcus, haemophilus parasuis and Escherichia coli. Then 36 cell cultures, two PRRSV live vaccine strains and 184 clinical specimens from 52 farms were tested. Five PRRSV field iso-lates were the high virulent PRRSV; two PRRSV live vaccine strains from normal PRRSV, and 123 speci-mens from 42 farmer were positive (only 1 specimen was normal PRRSV). This RT-PCR method proved to be accurate differential diagnosis of the high virulent PRRSV and normal PRRSV with the characteristics of rapidity, sensitivity and specificity, and has a strong clinical relevance.