Symptom network topological features predict the effectiveness of herbal treatment for pediatric cough / 医学前沿

Pediatric cough is a heterogeneous condition in terms of symptoms and the underlying disease mechanisms. Symptom phenotypes hold complicated interactions between each other to form an intricate network structure. This study aims to investigate whether the network structure of pediatric cough symptoms is associated with the prognosis and outcome of patients. A total of 384 cases were derived from the electronic medical records of a highly experienced traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) physician. The data were divided into two groups according to the therapeutic effect, namely, an invalid group (group A with 40 cases of poor efficacy) and a valid group (group B with 344 cases of good efficacy). Several well-established analysis methods, namely, statistical test, correlation analysis, and complex network analysis, were used to analyze the data. This study reports that symptom networks of patients with pediatric cough are related to the effectiveness of treatment: a dense network of symptoms is associated with great difficulty in treatment. Interventions with the most different symptoms in the symptom network may have improved therapeutic effects.

Research on the rules of Chinese medicine for depression syndrome based on modern medical records / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To analyze the medication rules of modern physicians on treating depression syndrome, so as to provide reference for clinical treatment of depression syndrome.Methods:We collect and sort out the modern medical records of depression syndrome in the cloud platform of ancient and modern medical records (v1.5) and the modern medical records' database of famous doctors, and search CNKI, Chongqing VIP and Wanfang databases for the modern depression medical cases from journals during database establishment time to October 1, 2018. We extracted traditional Chinese medicine prescription data in the medical records, and applied the ancient and modern medical records cloud platform (v 1.5) to standardize the acquired TCM data, and integrate data mining function for frequency statistics, cluster analysis, association analysis and complex network analysis to obtain the high frequency of drugs' attributes, classification, and common drug pairs and core prescriptions of modern doctors. Results:After screening, a total of 1 984 cases were included, 3 618 cases were diagnosed, and 3 089 pieces of data of TCM prescriptions were included. A total of 1 458 medicines were involved, and the total frequency of medication was 39 634. The high frequency medicines were: Bupleurum chinense (1 546 times), Poria cocos (1 210 times), Angelica sinensis (1 167 times), Paeonia lactiflora (1 109 times) and Tulip (1 091 times). The commonly used Chinese medicines were mainly warm, flat, bitter and bitter, mostly attributed to the four meridians of spleen, lung, liver and heart. Commonly used medicines were Radix Paeoniae Alba- Bupleurum, Radix Angelicae- Bupleurum, Radix Bupleurum- Tulip, Radix Angelicae- Paeoniae Alba, Radix Angelicae- Paeoniae Alba- Bupleurum, etc. The core prescriptions were Suanzaoren Decoction, Chaihu- Shugan San and Erchen Decoction. Conclusions:Modern physicians' treating principles for depression syndrome is soothing liver and regulating qi, invigorating spleen and nourishing heart, emphasizing qi and blood, harmonizing liver, spleen and heart, and linking TCM pathogeneses.

Multistage analysis method for detection of effective herb prescription from clinical data / 医学前沿

Determining effective traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatments for specific disease conditions or particular patient groups is a difficult issue that necessitates investigation because of the complicated personalized manifestations in real-world patients and the individualized combination therapies prescribed in clinical settings. In this study, a multistage analysis method that integrates propensity case matching, complex network analysis, and herb set enrichment analysis was proposed to identify effective herb prescriptions for particular diseases (e.g., insomnia). First, propensity case matching was applied to match clinical cases. Then, core network extraction and herb set enrichment were combined to detect core effective herb prescriptions. Effectiveness-based mutual information was used to detect strong herb-symptom relationships. This method was applied on a TCM clinical data set with 955 patients collected from well-designed observational studies. Results revealed that groups of herb prescriptions with higher effectiveness rates (76.9% vs. 42.8% for matched samples; 94.2% vs. 84.9% for all samples) compared with the original prescriptions were found. Particular patient groups with symptom manifestations were also identified to help investigate the indications of the effective herb prescriptions.

A Research on the Discovery Methods in Prescription and Medication Based on Professor Xue Boshou's Clinical Prescription Data / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

How to discover the valuable knowledge from the large amount of prescription data accumulated in the long-term medical practice of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is one of the important contents of TCM modernization.Based on the prescription data of Xue' s clinical practice of many years,this paper explored the method of combining TCM network and prescription network to find out Xue' s common core drug combination.Based on 9,584 prescriptions in the Hospital Information System of Guang'anmen Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,prescription network and drug network were constructed according to the similarity of prescription composition and drug co-occurrence relationship.Using the complex network analysis methods,such as community analysis method,to analyze the prescription and drug compatibility,the results were evaluated and analyzed by Xue and his successors.As a result,through complex network analysis,126 modular prescriptions and 4 TCM modules were obtained.One of the core components of the prescription module included Xiao Chai Hu decoction,Yin Qiao powder,and Sheng Jiang powder compound addition and subtraction.It was in consistent with the drug composition of exogenous febrile prescriptions excavated earlier.In conclusion,using the complex network methods,we can get some core drug combinations prescribed by Prof.Xue,and achieve the common compound core drug combination for treating diseases with certain vantages,laying a foundation for further inheriting and excavating Xue' s effective experience.

A Study on the Named Entity Recognition Method on Symptom Names in the History of Present Illness in Traditional Chinese Medical (TCM) Clinic / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Clinical cases of TCM are used as important clinical data to record the whole process of the interaction between doctors and patients in the form of text.However,in the context of big data,there is a lack of research on the use of information covered in clinical cases.Therefore,we studied the method of extracting the symptom term from the history of present illness in TCM clinic in this paper,in order to lay the foundation for the further use of clinical cases.First,twelve thousand,three hundred and sixty-seven history data of present illness were obtained by random selection and expert review.According to the different disease types,they were divided into the two groups of the experiments:4,838 data in the diabetes group,7,529 data in the spleen and stomach disease group and 12,367 data in the mixed or combined group.A glossary of symptom terms covering 22,996 words were compiled.Then,five feature templates,such as sliding window feature,prefix and suffix character and lexical features,were selected.CRFs model was adopted to carry out named entity extraction experiment.As a result,in the open test,the performance of diabetes,spleen and stomach disease and mixed group were (0.83,0.8,0.82),(0.9,0.9,0.89) and (0.88,0.87,0.87),respectively,while the results were (0.83,0.82,0.83),(0.95,0.95,0.95) and (0.93,0.92,0.92) in the ten-fold cross validation.In conclusion,the results showed that the CRFs algorithm was an excellent sequence labeling algorithm and applied to the named entity extraction task of symptom history.

Design Concept and Method of Case Report Forms in Optimum Research on Famous TCM ;Doctors’ Experienced Prescriptions / 中国中医药信息杂志

Optimum research on famous TCM doctors’ experienced prescriptions can optimize the composition of prescriptions which originated from experienced prescriptions, clarify the functions of indications and efficacy features of experienced prescriptions. Case report forms which are normally adapted to clinical new medicine study cannot meet the demand of observational study to optimize experienced prescriptions. This article expounded design features, structure elements and collection timing and proposed requirements for information collection through practice of case report forms in the optimum research on famous TCM doctors’ experienced prescriptions, with a purpose to realize the optimization of experienced prescriptions through observational study on famous TCM doctors’ experienced prescriptions and provide evidence for further clinical research on experienced prescriptions.

Exploration on Development Status and Trend of Clinical Research Data in Chinese Medicine / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Data is an effective vehicle for clinical evaluation. High-quality data is the key to ensure universal conclusions. In the context of medical data information, based on problems of clinical research data of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), the author described the complexity and diversity of clinical data, and existed problem of data access in extant research mode. In the era of big data, by analyzing application status of both domestic and foreign clinical data, as well as the difference of application ways on structured and unstructured data of electronic medical records, and the requirements of data in different models in clinical research, the author suggested to establish development model for data sharing in both clinical practice and scientific research in order to adapt to the diversification and information of data.

Problems and Strategies for Herb Data Standardization Processing Based on Multi-area Prescriptions / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Based on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) herb data of inpatient department and senior famous TCM doctors from many TCM hospitals in China. Existing problems of TCM herb data standardization preprocessing were analyzed in order to explore scientific and reasonable preprocessing program which can provide technical support for the accurate analysis of herbal information. Clinical medicine doctors and herbal pharmacists collaborated and analyzed the real-world TCM herb data collected from multi-regions. In connection with characteristics of TCM, data mining was combined in the analysis of requirement to identify existing problems and explore appropriate problem-solving solutions. The results showed that based on the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (PPRC, 2010 version) and regional herb preparing and dispensing guidelines, the herb collection rules, methods and processes were made for the herb data standardization. Herbal data processing program for different regions were formulated. It was concluded that herb data standardization rules and methods made by this plan solved standardization and accuracy of TCM herb data analysis and utilization in multi-area.

Research Overview and Question Discussion on International Clinical Phenotype Ontology / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) clinical symptoms, which were main evidences in syndrome differentiation and treatment, were also main data in the clinical individual diagnosis and treatment. However, the absence of high-quality symptom ontology was still obvious in TCM clinical and data using. By analyzing the research and data of clinical phenotype ontologies associated with symptoms, this paper was aimed to introduce and sort the existing ontologies, in order to discuss related problems. Furthermore, we provided ideas and expound the importance of building data network of symptoms, diseases, genes, drugs, chemicals, side effects with the data we collected and disposed around symptoms, in order to construct TCM clinical phenotype ontology. We believed that our work will help the development of individual treatment and precision medicine in TCM. It was also the key of individual big data analysis which was urgent need to promote.

Computing Methods for Herb Target Prediction:Technique Discussion and Experimental Analysis / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Due to the importance of molecular mechanisms of drug actions, network pharmacology has become a new perspective on drug mechanism research and novel drug discovery. Drug target prediction using computational methods, is one of the key research topics in network pharmacology. This paper reviewed the related research on drug target prediction methods. Furthermore, general principles of drug target prediction methods and key steps of them in recent years were summarized. Given the diversity of Chinese medicine ingredients, the network controlla-bility of herbs and the lack of high-quality pharmacological data, the network regulation mechanism of Chinese herb research will meet even more difficulties than modern drug research. Therefore, this paper also discussed main is-sues and research trends of Chinese herb target prediction. Finally, combining with the actual consolidated network data of Chinese herbs, chemical structure similarity computation and link prediction methods, the network-based herb target prediction method was proposed to demonstrate key research steps. Furthermore, we discussed the most significant research topics that we should addressed to enhance the high quality results of herb target prediction.

Clinical Decision Support System on Basis of Case-Based Reasoning for Traditional Chinese Medicine / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Real world clinical diagnosis and treatment activity is a complicated decision-making task. The effective clinical cases of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) of highly experienced physicians play an important role in the routine diagnosis and treatment and the formulation of medical knowledge . Based on TCM electronic medical record data, this paper proposed a decision support prototype system on TCM clinical diagnosis and treatment based on TCM effective clinical cases and case-based reasoning (CBR) algorithm, which is used to assist inexperienced clinicians to make more reliable clinical decisions, and thereafter to improve the clinical curative effectiveness. The system integrates TCM clinical cases data set from a TCM clinical data warehouse, and retrieves the similar cases based on CBR method. In particular, according to the underlying personalized diagnosis and treatment for patients in TCM, this system implemented a flexible diagnosis and treatment modification mechanism based on correlation analysis among symptoms, diagnoses (syndrome or pattern in TCM) and medicine. Finally, through a demonstration of clinical application, we made an initial evaluation of the usefulness and practical effects of the system.

Correlation Analysis of Syndromes and Symptoms of TCM AECOPD Based on Clinical Research Information Sharing System / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

This study was aimed to analyze correlation between traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes and symptoms of acute exacerbation chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) based on complex network in order to provide a scientific basis for TCM syndrome amendments of diagnostic criteria, and explore relevant technologies to promote its application. By way of the current Clinical Research Information Sharing System, data and data pro-cessing were carried out (EHR 3000 between August 2011 and January 2013) into the database by ETL software. The MISCR (correlation between common symptoms and common syndromes) from both common symptoms and com-mon syndromes of AECOPD was analyzed with existing diagnosis standards of AECOPD. The comparative analysis on TCM syndromes such as heat phlegm obstructing the lung, lung and kidney qi deficiency, phlegm turbid obstructing the lung and their correspondent existing diagnosis standards of AECOPD showed that the common TCM syndromes in the clinic are the mixture of deficiency and excess syndromes. However, some individual symptom is contradicted to its correspondent syndrome. It was concluded that based on the Clinical Research Information Sharing System, the research on correlation analysis between syndromes and symptoms of AECOPD can provide strong evidence and methodology for the validation and revision of TCM diagnostic criteria.

"Study on Chinese Medicine ""Disease-Syndrome-Herb"" Association Analysis Method Based on Clinical Medical Research Information Sharing System" / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Based on the Clinical Medical Research Information Sharing System ( CMRISS ) , this article took thedisease-syndrome-herb study on acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) as a model to explore the establishment of disease-syndrome-herb study method on many types of diseases for the guidance of Chinese medicine clinical practice. The CMRISS of the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, which contained 5000 format electronic medical records from August 2011 to March 2013 , was used as the database . Data preprocessing , crystal reports and complex network were used in data mining to receive the frequency relation of AECOPD disease-syndrome-herb in order to analyze medica-tion features of different Chinese medicine clinical syndromes of AECOPD . The results showed that three syn-dromes, which were phlegm-heat obstructing the lungs, phlegm-stasis obstructing the lungs, and qi-yin deficien-cy, have corresponding Chinese herbs of licorice, orange peel and earthworm. The treatment of syndrome of phlegm-heat obstructing the lungs contains herbs to clear heat, remove phlegm and activate blood circulation. The treatment of syndrome of qi-yin deficiency contains herbs to benefitqi , nourish yin as well as to activate blood circulation and remove phlegm. It was concluded that the application of CMRISS is able to process a large amount of clinical data. The data mining results can be used to guide clinical practice. It provided a better plat-form for the scientific research of Chinese medicine clinical practice .

Discussion on scientific value of clinical data / 国际中医中药杂志

"Coming from clinical experiences and serving for the clinical application", which is the basic mode of academic development and technological progress of Chinese medicine. Clinical data embodies clinical experience and medical innovation and technology. Clinical data is also an important carrier to spread Chinese medicine and knowledge wealth for the whole country. The author thoroughly discussed the scientific value, necessity and significance of Chinese medicine clinical data in this article.