Immunohistochemical profile of Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Objective: To analyze the frequencies of histological types of lymphoma, diagnosed with complete immunohistochemical profile in younger and older age group

Study Design: Cross-sectional analytical study

Place and Duration of Study: Dow Diagnostic Research and Reference Laboratory, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, from January 2009 to September 2013

Methodology: Consecutive cases of lymphomas, which were diagnosed using immunohistochemistry, were analyzed according to WHO classification. Frequency and percentages for different types of lymphomas were calculated. Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas characteristics in two age groups of less than and more than 40 years were compared, applying chi-square test

Results: Out of the 318 cases, 79 [25%] were Hodgkin Lymphomas [HL] and 239 [75%] were Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas [NHL]. Mixed Cellularity Hodgkin Lymphoma [MCHL] was the commonest [n=48]. Amongst the NHL, 215 [89.95%] were B cell lymphomas and 24 [10.05%] were T-cell lymphomas. Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma [DLBCL] was the commonest lymphoma [n=165, 69.95% of NHL]. Anaplastic T-Cell Lymphoma [ALCL, n=10] was the commonest T-cell lymphoma. The frequency of HL was significantly higher in the younger age group and that of NHL was higher in the older age group [p < 0.001]. Primary lymph node involvement was reported in 175 [55%] and cervical lymph node was the most frequent site. Extra nodal involvement was seen in 93 [29%] of all cases and was reported in 87 [36.4%] of NHL and 6 [7.5%] of HL. The most common extra nodal site was the gastrointestinal tract

Conclusion: Hodgkin lymphoma comprises 25% and non-Hodgkin lymphoma comprises 75% of all lymphomas. Both occur in younger age groups than reported in the West. B-cell NHL is three times more common than T-cell lymphoma. DLBCL is the most frequent lymphoma. ALCL is the most common T-cell, and mixed cellularity is the most common Hodgkin lymphoma

Bronchial carcinoid presenting as multiple lung abscesses

Bronchial carcinoid tumours is a rare group of pulmonary malignant neoplasm that is derived from neuroendocrine system. Bronchial carcinoid usually present with hilar masses, atelactasis, bronchiectasis, or post-obstructive pneumonia. This case describes a very unusual presentation of bronchial carcinoid tumour with multiple lung abscesses involving the whole lung. This report is of an adult lady who presented with multiple lung abscesses involving her whole of the right lung. She was found to have an endo-bronchial lesion in her right main bronchus which eventually turned out to be carcinoid tumour. She responded to resection and antibiotic therapy

Spectrum of thyroid gland disorders in Karachi-DDRRL experience

To find out the spectrum of thyroid gland disorders in association with age and gender and to identify histological types of thyroid lesions. Descriptive study. This study was carried out at the Department of Histopathology, DOW University [OJHA campus] Karachi from 1[st] Jan 2010 to 31[st] Dec 2011. The specimens were received in 10% buffered formalin and processed as per routine laboratory procedure and then embedded in paraffin for block preparation. The sections were stained with the routine haematoxylin and eosin method and were studied and diagnosed by a consultant histopathologist. Difficult cases were discussed in Departmental Consultation Committee. Total 208 cases were studied, there was a female predominance 184 [88.5%] and among them majorities were in 3[rd] decade of life. Males were 24 [11.5%] commonly seen in 4[th] decade of life. The ages ranged from 15-75 years, mean age is 30 years. Nodular hyperplasia was the commonest thyroid lesion found. The information in the present study may be considered as a baseline data of thyroid diseases in Karachi and a more elaborate prospective study carried out on a large scale in this country will contribute more to make the things clearer