[Evaluation of integrated lupus ratio test]

Improving the diagnostic strategy of the lupus anticoagulant is prerequisite in hemostasis. The objective of our work is to develop and evaluate the three integrated tests expressed as normalized ratio or Lupus Ratio and can combine the various stages in the diagnosis of these antibodies. Three Lupus Ratio are used, they were determined with activator thromboplastin time, the diluted thromboplastin time and diluted Russell Viper venom time. Reference values and thresholds for positivity were determined for all tests. Our preliminary results showed concordant and discordant profiles with those previously obtained by conventional methods of detection of circulating lupus antibody type. The interest of the integrated testing is to discusse and compari our results with those of the literature. The determination of the Ratio Lupus offers compelling and promising results and allows considering, for in a short term, the replacement of conventional techniques with improved diagnosis

[Chronic myeloid leukemia and inhibitors of tyrosine kinase]

Chronic myeloid leukemia is a hematological malignancy in the group of myeloproliferative syndromes. It is characterized by the presence of an acquired genetic abnormality at the hematopoietic stem cells, the Philadelphia chromosome. Inhibitors of tyrosine kinase, whose leader is imatinib, has profoundly changed the therapeutic management and prognosis of this malignancy. The failure of imatinib treatment is due to resistance mechanisms that are not all fully characterized. However, cross and multiple resistance remain difficult to treat and require a better understanding of their mechanisms to overcome residual disease in the near future. The persistence of a long term residual disease associated with the presence of quiescent leukemic cells, and the occurrence of relapse led to the development of second and third generation inhibitors tyrosine kinase and the combination of these inhibitors with therapeutic immunomodulators such as interferon alpha, or vaccination protocols are discussed. The purpose of this review is to update on the molecular abnormalities found in chronic myeloid leukemia with emphasis on mechanisms of imatinib resistance and the current therapeutic strategy in the era of new generations of inhibitors of tyrosine kinase

[Biological diagnosis of haemophilia]

It is a constitutional hemorrhagic disease of recessive transmission linked to X chromosome. Our objective work is to index the different cases in our service. During 18 months [April 2008 - September 2009], we account 124 haemophiliac cases diagnosed in our laboratory. Our results interest a diagnosed 124 haemophiliac cases, including 99 cases of haemophilia A [79, 83%] and 25 cases of haemophilia B [20,17%]. 81 patients have an age less than 15 years old with a median of age as 13 years [limits 9 months - 39 years]. The annual incidence of haemophilia is 82 cases. 62 persons had clinical symptomatology whereas the others were asymptomatic. These symptoms were arthropathy [59, 67%], haemoarthrosis [27,4%], haematoma [4,83%], nosebleeds epistaxis, gingivorrhagia gums [4,83%] and ecchymosis [3,26%]. According to the type of haemophilia. The severe forms of haemophilia [FVIII of FIX

[Current concept of the coagulation]

Coagulation is the whole of enzymatic reactions leading in transforming plasma into a gel primarily made up of fibrin to consolidate the clot formed during primary hemostasis. Fibrin derived from the enzymatic cleavage of fibrinogen by thrombin, a key enzyme of coagulation. The classic design of coagulation describes two different pathways: intrinsic and extrinsic. In fact these two ways are overlapping since passages exist between them. In this work we are interested in the current concept of coagulation physiology by underlining the place of the cellular reactions in this phenomenon. The phenomena of coagulation take place either in circulation, or on a cellular surface. The effectiveness of the enzymes implied in coagulation is much larger on a cellular surface than in plasma, bringing to conceive coagulation like a cellular phenomenon. Recently, this cellular conception of coagulation resulted in proposing a new sight of coagulation which would proceed in three phases: initiation, amplification, propagation

[Pityriasis versicolor about 1087 cases]

Pityriasis versicolor is a frequent and common worldwide superficial dermatosis that can occur in all ages. The goal of this work is to show the important place that occupies the pityriasis among the superficial mycosis of skin and the scalp and to try to draw the profile and the features of this affection. To evaluate the prevalence of the pityrosporum we achieved a retrospective survey on a period of 13 years to the labotutory of Parasitologiy and Mycology of the children hospital in Rabat, The diagnosis was based on a direct microscopic exam of the squames coming from the lesions. Pityriasis versicolor was diagnosed among 1087 subjects [45, 15%of the dermatosis] and was located to the skin in 55, 47%tof cases A light feminine predominance is noted with 54, 93%. The age of predilection is between 16 tand 30 years representing 41, 98%of all cases. There iwas no meaningful variation according to the seasons. The pityriasis versicolor is a banal infection but is unaesthetic and poses a real problem for its treatment that is long and has frequent recurrences

[Hematological profile of visceral leishmaniasis-about 264 cases]

Visceral leishmaniasis or Kala Azar is a systemic infection caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania It is exclusively transmitted by the bite of a female sand fly of the genus Phlebotomus. The objective of the present study is to define the haematological aspect of this parasitic infection. Material and methods: A retrospective study concerned 264 cases of visceral leishmaniasis diagnosed either in Parasitology and Mycology Laboratory of Children's Hospital in Rabat or in different areas of the kingdom but still under the supervision of the laboratory's experts during a period of thirty years. The children had a median age of 5 years with extremes from 6 months to 14 years and the overall male/female ratio was 1.08. In the hemogram, anemia was found in a proportion of 95.8% and it was really severe in about 19% [Hb<5g/dl]. The prevalence of neutropenia was 76%; hyperleucocytosis was observed only in 2.3% of cases due to concomitant infections. The proportion of children with thrombocytopenia was 64.28% and those with the severe one were about 13.2% [as clinical symptoms: purpura, epistaxis]. The haematological profile is one of the important presumption criteria for the diagnosis of this disease

Various yeast infections. About 835 cases

A study was conducted to determine the mycoses caused by yeasts in our laboratory. Data were collected over a 5-year period from mycologic investigations carried out on all samples realised or send to the mycology laboratory at the CHU Ibn Sina of Rabat. In the period between January 1999 and December 2003, a total of 4038 specimens were collected. The total number of patients included in this study was 820, 68.2% [n=560] of whom were females and 31.7% [n=260] were males. The age ranged from 1 month to 71 years. A total of 835 yeasts were isolated [20.7%]. Candida albicans [n=356] was the most prevalent, followed by Malassezia furfur [n=283]. Other Candida species [n=130], Rhodotorula spp. [n=65], and Geotrichum spp. [n=1] had also been isolated. The onychomycosis caused by the yeasts represented 50.9%. This study showed that 20.7% of patients had infections due to yeast. The majority of patients were females. Candida albicans as the principal yeast isolated followed by Malassezia furfur. Non albicans species are more and more reported. High incidence of yeasts was documented in finger onychomycosis caused by Candida albicans [59.5%]. Malassezia furfur was the principal yeast isolated from skin and scalp [74%]