RESUMO
Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between nitrate-induced headache [NIH] and the complexity of coronary artery lesions in patients with stable coronary artery disease [CAD]
Subjects and Methods: Two hundred and seventy-five patients with anginal chest pain who underwent coronary angiography were enrolled in the present study. NIH was defined as the presence of headache due to nitrate treatment [isosorbide mononitrate 40 mg] after excluding confounding factors. Coronary artery lesion complexity was assessed by the SYNTAX score [SXscore] using a dedicated computer software system
Results: The mean SXscore was lower in the patients with NIH than in patients without NIH [7.3 +/- 5.2 vs. 14.4 +/- 8.5, respectively; p < 0.001]. Additionally, patients with NIH had a lower rate of multivessel disease compared with those without NIH [the mean number of diseased vessels was 1.5 +/- 0.7 and 2.0 +/- 07, respectively; p < 0.001]. In multivariate analysis, increasing age [p = 0.02] and headache [p = 0.001] were found to be independent determinants of Sxscore
Conclusion: The present study demonstrated an independent inverse association between NIH and SXscore. The NIH could provide important predictive information about coronary artery lesion complexity in patients with stable CAD
RESUMO
Centaurea pamphylica Boiss. and Heldr. [Family: Asteraceae], commonly known as "pamphylia daisy", is a Turkish endemic species of the genus Centaurea that comprises ca. 500 species, many of which have been used as traditional medicines. The n-hexane, dichloromethane [DCM] and methanol [MeOH] extracts of the aerial parts of C. pamphylica were assessed for antioxidant activity and general toxicity using, respectively, the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl [DPPH], and the brine shrimp lethality assays. The reversed-phase preparative HPLC and PTLC were used to isolate compounds from the extracts. The structures of these compounds [1-4] were elucidated by spectroscopic means, and also by direct comparison with the respective published data. Both the DCM and the MeOH extract showed significant levels of antioxidant activities with the RC[50] values of 72.6 x 10[-2] and 47.3 x 10[-2] mg/mL, respectively. The MeOH extract exhibited low levels of toxicity towards brine shrimps [LD[50] = 125.0 x 10[-2] mg/mL]. Three major bioactive components of the MeOH extract were matairesinoside [1], arctiin [2] and matairesinol [3]. An eudesmane-type sesquiterpene, pterodontriol [4], was also isolated from the DCM extract. Since reactive oxygen species are important contributors to various ailments, the antioxidant properties of the extracts as well as the isolated compounds may be of medicinal significance. This is the first report on the occurrence of 1-4 in C. pamphylica, and 4 in the genus Centaurea