[ content analysis of theses in the field of health education in Tehran university of medical sciences, Tarbiat Modares university and Iran university of medical sciences during 1970-2010]

Theses are considered as one of the sources for research in the field of education. The aim of this study was to determine the popular topics during 1349-1389 [1970-2010] and to examine the amount of educational interference and the type of such interference in different theses. This research study was done using the descriptive-analytic method and employing the content analysis technique. The choice of topics was based on the categories derived from the Medical Headings of the American National Library. All related theses [336 in this field] were reviewed and the data were analyzed by SPSS software. In this review, most finished theses belonged to Tehran University of Medical Sciences [62.5%], Tarbiat Modares University [25.3%], and Iran University of Medical Sciences [12.2%]. MSc theses were mainly about diseases [23.8%]; however, doctoral dissertations were mostly about the prevention of diseases [26.2%]. Although in the recent decade, there has been an increase in new topics and educational interference in theses, some important issues like the training of patients are still neglected. It seems that some strategies like preparing a suitable information bank of thesis in the field of health education can be a good guide for selecting new topics and ignoring old ones

[Determining the prevalence of Salmonella serotypes obtained from meat and chicken samples and their antibiotic resistance pattern in Tehran]

Food borne diseases are still the major problem in both industrial and nonindustrial countries and the prevalence of these diseases are on rise. Consuming of contaminated meats with Salmonella is the major source for distributing these diseases. Adding antibiotics in domestic animals' food causes antibiotic resistance so the resistant bacterium could be transfer to the human through the consumption of such foods. The aim of this study was to determine the Salmonella serotypes, and antibiotic resistance of isolated serotypes obtained from packed and non- packed meat and chicken purchased in different districts of Tehran, during 2004 and 2005. In this cross-sectional study, samples were taken randomly from 10 packaged meat suppliers and 17 non-packaged meat suppliers. Out of 133 prepared samples, 67 ones were chicken and 66 samples were meat. Samples were weighted, separated [each 25gr] and put into 225ml of Buffered Peptone Water. Then homogenized by Stomacher and incubated at 37[o]c for 24 hours. After that 0.1 ml of solution poured into 10 ml of Rappaport Vassilidis broth and remained 24 hours in 42[o]c. Then, one loop of this medium was cultured on Hektoen Entro Agar and remained for a period of 24 hours in 37[o]c to enter Salmonella colonies. For the antibiotic sensitivity test, the agar disc diffusion was used according to the standard method. Out of 67 tested samples of chicken, 32 samples [47.8%] were contaminated with Salmonella, as well as 19 meat samples [28.8%] [from the total 66 ones]. The dominated serotype of both chicken and meat samples was S.thompson [54.6%]. The results of antibiotic susceptibility showed that 90.6% of isolated chicken samples were resistant to Nalidixic acid, compared to 36.8% of meat samples. According to the observed antibiotic resistance in some of tested samples, special attention in quality control of food's safety in order to prevent the related diseases is needed

Evaluation of the role of some biochemical markers in the diagnosis of acute mycoardial infarction an antemortem and postmortem study

Cardiac disease is the most frequent cause of sudden death. Moreover, the beginning of myocardial damage does not necessarily conincide with the appearance of symptoms, and therefore an asymptomatic period may ensue. One of the most difficult problems that face the critical care clinicians and forensic pathologists is to diganose sudden death in subjects with acute cardiac processes that progressed rapidly, with non-specific symptoms in many cases, and led to death without obvious morphological alterations. In recent years, many researches has been done to look for rapid, sensitive and specific cardiac markers that can assist critical care clinicians and forensic pathologists to make an early diangosis of acute myocardial infarction [AMI]. The latest markers available in market include troponins [I and T], creatine kinase [CK] and myoglobin. Cardiac troponin I [cTnI] is eventually a more sensitive, and a more reliable serum marker than cardiac troponin [cTnT] for the determination of damaged cardiac tissue following AMI. The aim of the present work is to test the prognositc value and reliability of measuring levels of certain blood biochemical markers for diangosing death due to acute myocardial infarction. The study was conducted at the Critical Care Department Units of Alexandria Main University Hospital. It was carried out on 62 selected cases suffering from extensive acute myocardial infarction. A spectal sheet was designed to collect the required information. Follow up of the patients was carried out till either improvement or death. Blood was obtained from all patient for cardiac markers assays: on admission, six hours after admission, and two hours postmortem for those who died [femoral vein]. Serum samples were tested for Cardiac troponin I [cTnI], Myoglobin and Creatine kinase MB [CK-MB]. Aditional 10 control deaths were included in the study [non-AMI deaths]. The results of the present study revealed that statistically significant differences were obtained for cTnI, myoglobin and CK-MB between Survived-MI cases and Non-Survived ones on admission and 6 hours later. Similarly, the concentrations of the three studied biochemical parameters in myocardial infarction [MI] patients, 6 hours from admission and 2 hours after death showed statistically significnat differences. Furthermore, the study showed postmortem significantly higher serum levels of these cardiac markers in deaths due to AMI as compared to deaths due to Non-MI. When comparing the cut off values of the 3 cardiac markers, it was found that measuring cTn I and CK-MB provide prognositc information that permits the early identification of patients with AMI at increased risk of death, hence aggressive treatement is needed for them and claims of malpractice are ruled out

Pro-inflammatory markers and insulin resistance in unstable angina

Inflammation plays a major role in plaque rupture that occurs in Acute coronary syndromes [A.C.S]. Furthermore; the pro-inflammatory milieu shows higher levels in diabetics compared with those without diabetes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inflammatory state and insulin resistance in acute coronary syndrome [ACS] without ST segment elevation and their correlation with increased risk of thrombotic events in persons with/without type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study was carried out on 30 patients with acute unstable angina, 14 patients were diabetics and 16 were non-diabetics. All patients were subjected to history taking, clinical examination and laboratory studies including fasting serum glucose and insulin, serum leptin, high sensitivity C-reactive protien [hs-CRP] and troponin-T [cTn-T]. Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance [HOMA-IR] was also calculated for all patients. In patients with positive cTn [n=20], the mean level of serum leptin, hs-CRP and HOMA-IR equals: 3.19 +/- 2.13 ng/ml, 37.4 +/- 48.69 mg/L and 21.27 +/- 26.08 respectively. In the Tn-T positive group of patients [n=20], there were significant positive correlation among leptin and hs-CRP, HOMA-IR and hs-CRP, leptin and HOMA-IR, lepton and insulin, glucose and hs-CRP, where r value were: 0.863, 0.969, 0.884, 0.974 and 0.745 respectively and P was <0.001 for all. Regarding the diabetic group of patients [n=14], there were significant postive correlation among all previous parameters while r values were 0.873, 0.969, 0.868, 0.954 and 0.713 respectively. p value was < 0.001 for all except between glucose and hs-CRP; it equals: 0.004. So, the pro-inflammatory markers hs-CRP and leptin were over-expressed in diabetic patients with unstable angina who had increased tendency towards coronary thrombosis. Also, these markers brought an important predictive value for recurrent vascular events