Effect of continuous and interrupted noises on word recognition performance of monolinguals and bilinguals

Various studies indicate that background noise affects speech recognition ability of bilingual listeners [BL] more than monolingual ones [ML]. However, no study has engaged in the speech recognition performance of Turkish-Persian bilinguals in the background noise. The purpose of the present study was to compare word recognition scores [WRSs] in the continuous and interrupted noises among ML Persian and BL Turkish-Persian young adults. The cross- sectional analytical study was conducted by presenting speech stimuli in quiet and in the background continuous and interrupted noises at signal to noise ratios [SNRs] of-20, -10, 0, +10 dB. Two groups of 33 ML Persian and 36 BL Turkish- Persian subjects with age ranging from eighteen to twenty-five years old participated. The degree of reduction in WRSs was significantly higher in the continuous noise relative to the interrupted one at four studied SNRs [p<0.0001]. Moreover, the difference between WRSs of ML Persian and BL Turkish-Persian groups in the presence of both continuous [p<0.001] and interrupted [p=0.002] noises was significant. It seems that Persian-words recognition ability of Turkish-Persian BLs reduces more than Persian MLs in the background noises and continuous noise affects speech perception ability more than interrupted one

Comparison between ginger and vitamin B6 efficacy in the treatment of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy

Nausea and vomiting are among the most common complication during pregnancy. The use of medication especially in the first weeks of pregnancy may cause stress in pregnant woman and their family, because of the risk of teratogenesity. We performed this study to determine the effectiveness of ginger compared to vitamin B6 for treatment of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. A total number of 80 pregnant women with nausea and vomiting before the 20th week of gestation that did not take any medication were included in this randomized, double blind clinical trial during a period of 11 months. They were randomly divided into 2 groups to take oral ginger or vitamin B6 for 4 days. All participants scored the severity of their nausea using visual analog scale and recorded the number of vomiting episodes in the previous 24 hours before treatment and during 4 consecutive days while taking the treatment. Seven days later in a follow-up visit, a five-item Likert scale was used to assess the severity of symptoms. The data were analyzed with SPSS software using t-test and Kroskal-Wallis test. Severity of nausea [P<0.001] and episodes of nausea [P<0.01] and vomiting [P<0.0001] was decreased significantly in the ginger groups [P<0.000], but comparing with vitamin B6 group it didn't have a significant difference in reducing severity of nausea and episodes of nausea as well as vomiting. Ginger was effective for treatment of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy, but its application needs further studies to determine the proper dosage and the impact of this drug on pregnant mothers and their fetus