Mental health status before and after cosmetic rhinoplasty

Background and Objective: Patients with psychological disorders including depression, anxiety and patients with choronic psychological diseases are not suitable for cosmetic rhinoplasty.This study was done to evaluate the mental health status before and after cosmetic rhinoplasty

Methods: This quasi- experimental study was done on 100 women and men with mean age of 26.85 +/- 6.60 which candidated for cosmetic rhinoplasty. Subjects filled out psychological disorder symptom questianare [SCL-90-R] before and 3-6 months after cosmetic rhinoplasty

Results: Women had more symptom [P<0.05] of depression [7.24 versus 10.79], somatization [4.64 versus 7.35], obsessive-compulsive [5.67 versus 8.51], interpersonal sensitivity [5.48 versus 7.52], anxiety [5.26 versus 8.07], symptom distress index [0.58 versus 0.79] and totally positive symptoms [32.29 versus 41.06] in comparison with men. The main effect of time factor showed that there was not significant difference between symptoms of psychological disorder before and 3-6 months after cosmetic rhinoplasty. Interactional effect of gender and time was not significant for each psychological disorder symptom

Conclusion: The differences of deviation of psychological disorder symptoms, before cosmetic rhinoplasty and 3-6 months after cosmetic rhinoplasty were not significant. This finding can denotes existence of psychological symptoms before cosmetic surgery. Cosmetic surgery strengthens psychological symptoms in women the assessment and psychological intermediate with the aim of reducing psychological symptoms especially at time range of 3-6 months should be done

validity, diagnostic value and replicability of bender visual-motor gestalt test in traumatic brain injury patients

Bender Gestalt test is one of the most famous neuropsychological tests that is simple and it can be used to examine brain injuries. The objective of this research was to investigate the validity, diagnostic strength and the replicability of the Bender Visual-Motor Gestalt Test in patients with traumatic brain injury [TBI]. 240 participants were tested in a case-control study to examine the validity of this test in two groups included 120 patients with TBI and normal cases. All participants were involved in the study by non-probability and consecutive sampling method. The normal group was matched with the TBI group in terms of age, gender and education level. The Bender Gestalt Test, neurological and dissectional information questionnaire, the demographic variable lists of the patients and the mini-mental examination test [MMSE] were used to collect the data. Findings showed that patients with TBI showed more frequency in Gestalt test's dozen errors than the normal group. The discriminant validity coefficient showed that, in total 98.3% of the participants had been placed correctly in two normal and patient groups. The concurrent validity coefficient with the MMSE was -0.53 and the item-total correlation of this test were in a range of 0.10 to 0.48. The replicability results of this test among three examiners through intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] calculations were 0.81 and the cronbach's Alpha coefficient for the total sample was 0.85. This test has an acceptable discriminant and replicability strength. Regarding the obtained validity and reliability coefficients, it is recommended that this test be applied with the paraclinical diagnostic tools [such as CT-scan and MRI] as the screening tools in patients with TBI

[Assessment of performance of the hospitals of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences by use of Pabon Lasso Model [2007-2011]]

One of the useful methods to assess hospital performance is Pabon Lasso Model. The aim of this study was to assess performance of the hospitals of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences by Pabon Lasso Model from 2007 to 2011. In this cross sectional study we used turnover rate, bed occupancy rate and the average duration of hospitalization as our indicators to assess the performance of 12 hospitals of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences by Pabon Lasso Model from 2007 to 2011. We used Excel software for data analysis. In this study we found a bed occupancy rate of 62.5% and a bed turnover rate of 79.2 times. The average duration of hospitalization was 3.4 days. One [8%] hospital was located in zone 1, four [33%] hospitals in zone 2, five [42%] hospitals in zone 3 and two [17%] hospitals in zone 4. According to the results of this study it can be suggested that the development of outpatient services, transmission of beds between the hospitals and prevention of development and extension of medical center scan be considered as the main strategies for increasing the efficiency of the hospitals

effects of fasting on some biochemical factors of liver, serum and clinical signs in cattle

Fasting is an alternative method to induce anorexia. The biochemical factors of liver and serum and clinical signs were measured and documented in five non-lactating, non-pregnant cows following eight days of fasting. Five crossbred, non-lactating, and non-pregnant cattle were used in this study. They were fasted for 8 days_ total food deprivation; however, they had free access to water. Liver biopsies were carried out one day before food deprivation [day 0] and 8 days after food deprivation by ultrasound-guided biopsy. Blood samples were taken from the jugular vein before and during fasting. The concentrations of triglyceride [TG], total lipids, glycogen, phospholipids, and total protein in liver and NEFA, BHBA, TG, total cholesterol, glucose, total lipid, APO A1, and APO B in blood serum were measured and compared. The results of this study showed that fasting for 8 days reduces respiratory rate by 52% and heart rate by 12.5% and has no significant effect on rectal temperature. The concentrations of the liver triglyceride [TG] and glycogen significantly increased [p=0.046] and decreased [p=0.007] on day 8, respectively. There were no significant differences in the content of liver phospholipids [p=0.83], total lipids [p=0.29], and total protein [p=0.23]. The serum concentrations of NEFA and BHBA increased significantly [p=0.008] at the end of fasting period. No significant differences in the concentrations of serum TG [p=0.057], total cholesterol [p=0.93], glucose [p=0.108], total lipid [p=0.27], APO A1 [p=0.762], and APO B [p=0.92] were noticed on days 0 and 8. The results of the present study showed that fasting, like anorexia [as a result of diseases], induces fat mobilization from adipose tissue in response to the induced negative energy balance

Seroepidemiology of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 and 2 in Northern Iran

Herpes simplex virus [HSV] type 1 and 2 are common infectious agents worldwide. Data on prevalence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 infection are limited in Asia, especially in Iran. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of HSV type 1 and 2 based on age, gender, marital status, education, living area, job, symptoms and history of disease variables. The study population included 800 randomly selected persons from laboratories in Gilan Province, Iran, from 2010 to 2011. Demographic data gathered by a well-designed questionnaire and for serological studies, blood samples were collected and centrifuged. ELISA HSV-1, 2 and HSV-2 specific ELISA kits were used to determine IgG type specific antibodies in sera samples. Person's chi-square test was applied to compare HSV-1 and HSV-2 seropositivities. HSV-1 and HSV-2 IgG antibodies wrere positive in 467 [58.4%] and 28 [3.5%] subjects, respectively. There was significant correlation between age, marital status, job, symptoms, history of disease and HSV seroprevalence [P<0.05]. Our findings were in agreement with prior studies in which HSV-1 infections was more prevalent than HSV-2 and seropositivity increased with age

[Needle sticks injuries among health care workers in emergency medical centers in Tehran University of Medical Sciences Hospitals [2007-2010]]

Today, Needle Stick Injuries [NSI] are very important occupational hazards experienced by healthcare workers lead to exposure to blood-borne viruses especially hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV. The aim of this study was to determine needle sticks injuries among health care workers in emergency medical centers in Tehran University of Medical Sciences hospitals [2007- 2010]. In this descriptive study 991 health care workers worked in emergency wards in Tehran University of Medical Sciences hospitals were followed for needle stick events from 2007 to 2010. Sampling method was census. Data were collected by a researcher-made questionnaire consisted of 32 questions included demographic variables and NSI included the event that leads to needle stick injuries. Content and face validity and also test-retest reliability [r = 0/71] were measured and data was analyzed by SPSS 16. The study population reported 167 needle stick injuries during the study period [167 health care workers exposure group, 554 health care workers not exposure group]. Incidence rate of NSI was 16/85%. Majority of subjects in exposure group were female [50/89%], married [52/69%] and nurse [53/2%] and also the mean age was 35/3 +/- 6/4. In most cases, needles [55/08%] and vein catheter [22/75%] were responsible for injuries. IV access [24/7%] and recapping of needles [23/3%] were most common action resulted to exposure. There weren't statistically significant different in demographic variables except working experience between exposure groups and not exposure group. According to the results of this study, incidence rate of NSI among HCWs worked in emergency wards in TUMS less than other studies in different countries. This might be an indication of inadequate reporting. It is suggested that, NSI in hospitals should be managed through obtaining an appropriate reporting system and organizing blood and body fluid exposure surveillance system

[Psychosis secondary to traumatic brain injury with manifestation of prominent grandiosity delusion: a case study with a 4-month follow-up]

Traumatic brain injury [TBI] has been known as one of rare etiological factors of psychotic disorder. In this case study we investigated the trend of evaluation, diagnosis and treatment of a patient with psychosis secondary to TBI who developed prominent grandiosity delusion. The patient was a young 35-year-old man who was hospitalized due to a motorcycle accident and developed decreased level of consciousness, restlessness and nausea. CT findings indicated contusion of the left temporal lobe. Moreover, loss of consciousness [LOC], cognitive impairment, post-traumatic amnesia [PTA], disorientation, lack of attention and concentration, memory disturbances, aggression and grandiosity delusions were observed during psychological evaluations. 27 days after TBI, he was diagnosed as a case of psychosis secondary to TBI based on DSM-IV-TR in psychiatric examinations. Then, the patient gradually recovered after medical treatment and the symptoms of injury disappeared during a follow-up period of 4 months. Presentation and treatment of this patient cannot clarify the vague relationship between TBI and psychosis secondary to TBI; however, the results of this study emphasize the importance of psychological evaluations, investigation of serious symptoms of mental disorders, monitoring and protection of these patients for proper treatment. Identifying the risk factors of secondary psychosis complicating TBI can be helpful to rule out differential diagnoses, detect those with higher risk of psychosis and facilitate timely implementation of management strategies for this disorder before the onset of its advanced symptoms

[Study on sensitivity of escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus to the antimicrobial activities of CdO nanoparticle]

At present, the use of nanostructured materials is becoming more widespread and a lot of advantages have been offered over either organic or inorganic nanoparticles. The purpose of this study was to find out the sensitivity of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus to the Antimicrobial Activities of CdO Nanoparticle. Escherichia coli [ATCC 25922] and Staphylococcus aureus [ATCC 25923] were used in the experiment. In the first experiment, the optical density of E. coli and S. aureus cultures were observed in the presence of 0.01%, 0.75% and 1.5% of CdO. In the second experiment, 6.3 log CFU/ml of E. coli and S. aureus separately, were exposed to 1.5% CdO at 37§C in water. In the third experiment, E.coli was developed in the solid medium with and without nanoparticles. Only in the presence of 0.75% and 1.5% of these nanoparticles a considerable decreased was observed in the number of bacteria. In the control group the bacteria survived up to 13 days while complete cells death of E. coli and S. aureus was observed after 30 and 20 hours, respectively, when 1.5% CdO was added to the culture media. The same experiment, with S. aureus, showed complete cell death when the bacterial culture was exposed to 1.5% CdO for 20 hours. The present data demonstrate that a formulation made with the biologically stabilized CdO nanoparticles may be useful in the treatment of the infections and diseases caused by E. coli and S. aureus

Enteric protozoan parasites in rural areas of Bandar-Abbas, southern Iran: comparison of past and present situation

The main goal was to address the prevalence of enteric protozoan parasites in rural areas of Bandar-Abbas, southern Iran and to compare the results with the only conducted study in 1978. This descriptive study was performed from 2009 through 2010 on the 565 fecal samples. Formalin-ether concentration technique was performed and the analysis was carried out using Chi-square test in SPSS software version 13.5. Finally, the comparison of our results with the only previous study which was accomplished by Sheiban and Rezaeian in 1978 was done. The overall prevalence of the protozoan parasites was 48.8%. However, the prevalence of pathogen parasites was 23%. Previous research in 1978 showed 80.4% infectivity. The most protozoan parasites were Blastocystis hominis [25.53%], Giardia lamblia [17.2%] and Entamoeba coli [15.95%]. Previous study in 1978 found Entamoeba coli as the most common protozoa. Our finding revealed that the rate of single infectivity was much higher compared to previous research. The most frequency of infection was in children. The remarkable decrease of protozoan parasites is mainly due to progress in health care in the villages; however more effort should be done with the goal of eradicating infectious agents

[Antimicrobial activities of TiO[2] nanoparticle against escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus]

Organic antibacterial materials have been used as insecticides and bactericides for many years. Unfortunately, high temperatures in manufacturing process reduce their antibacterial properties. However, inorganic material of antibacterial agents have excellent bacterial resistance and thermal stability. Over the past few decades, inorganic nanoparticles whose structures exhibit significantly novel and improved physical, chemical and biological properties and functionality due to their nano-scale size have elicited much interest. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial properties of one kind of nano-specimens [TiO[2] nanoparticle] against Escherichia coli and Streptococcus aureus. Our study was research perusal. In the first study, the optical density of E.coli and S. aureus cultures were observed in the presence of 0.01%, 0.75% and 1.5% of TiO[2]. In the second study, 6.3 log CFU/ml of E.coli and S. areus were separately exposed to 1.5% TiO[2] at 37[degree sign] C in water. In third study, we studied the growth of E.coli in solid medium with and without nanoparticles. The presence of 0.01% TiO[2] nanoparticles didn't have a statistically significant effect, but in the presence of 0.75% and 1.5% nanoparticles, the bacterial colonies decreased significantly. In the control group, bacterial cells survival was nearly 13 days, while complete cell death of E.coli was seen when 1.5% TiO[2] was applied for 24 hours. The same experiment for S. aureus, showed that complete cell death occurred in the solid medium suppressed the growth of E.coli 5.6 times more [p<0.001]. Our findings showed antibacterial effects of TiO[2] nanoparticles against both bacteria, but S. areus bacteria were more sensitive to nanoparticles as compared to E.coli bacteria

Serological evaluation of EgAgB16 kDa, a recombinant antigen from echinococcus granulosus for diagnosis of human hydatidosis

Regarding that accurate diagnosis of human hydatidosis still needs more investigations, the present study was conducted to clone, express, and evaluate the gene encoding AgB subunits [EgAgB16 kDa] from Echinococcus granulosus [Iranian G1 strain] and its evaluation by ELISA test. DNA was extracted from protoscoleces and was utilized by PCR for strain identification. Total RNA was prepared with RNeasy protect mini kit from E. granulosus [Iranian G1 strain] protoscoleces collected from naturally infected sheep with hydatid cyst. Recombinant AgB16 kDa was produced using pETDuet as vector and evaluated by ELISA method. A panel of sera including hydatid cyst-infected individuals [n=72], healthy individual [n=48], toxoplasmosis [n=4], strongyloidosis [n=4], kala-azar [n=5] and tuberculosis [n=5] were examined using this recombinant antigen. Recombinant protein was purified by affinity chromatography using His-Tag column. After purification, recombinant protein was confirmed by western blot analysis using His Tag monoclonal anti body or hydatid positive human serum. The sensitivity, specificity; positive and negative predictive values were calculated as 93.5%, 95.6%, 96% and 92.9%, in that order. The cut-off point was detected 0.3 for rAgB16. While the produced recombinant AgB16 kDa showed promising results in diagnosing human hydatidosis, but more investigations should be implemented to reach an accurate gold standard

in vitro comparative study of growth media, sera and FSH effects on the growth and maturation of Syrian mice preantral follicles and enclosed-oocytes

Developing a culture system for preantral follicles has important biotechnological implications due to the potential to produce a large number of oocytes for embryo production and transfer. To accomplish this goal, the present study was aimed to culture preantral follicles in the presence of different media, sera and FSH concentrations. Six-week-old preantral follicles [95 +/- 5 micro m] were cultured in North Carolina State University medium 23 [NCSU23], tissue culture medium 199 [TCM199] and leibovitz-15 medium [L-15] for 6 days. Tissue culture medium 199 showed a significant increase in the follicle diameter [115 micro m], survival [39%], oocyte maturation [32%] and germinal vesicle breakdown [GVBD] [29%] rates as compared to L-15 and NCSU23 [P<0.05]. A 6-day culture showed increased follicular growth as compared to 2, 4 and 8-days [P<0.05]. When the experiment was run with 1, 2, 5 and 10% fetal calf serum [FCS], prepubertal gilt serum [PGS], embryonic stem cell fetal calf serum [ESFCS] and hypogonadal mouse serum [hpgMS], the 5% FCS showed increased follicle diameter [134 micro m], survival [52%], oocyte maturation [49%] and GVBD [45%] as compared to control and other types of sera used [P<0.05]. While 100 mIU/ml FSH + 5% FCS in TCM199 showed a significant increase in follicle diameter [197 micro m], survival [96%], oocyte maturation [91%] and GVBD [67%: P<0.0001]. So, it is concluded that the TCM199 medium, with the addition of 100 mIU/ml FSH and 5% FCS, is appropriate for the optimal in vitro growth of Syrian mice preantral follicles and enclosed oocytes

Molecular monitoring of plasmodium vivax infection after radical treatment in southeastern Iran

The aim was to evaluate the relapse risk of vivax malaria in patients who received radical treatment in Hormozgan Province, a malarious area located on southeast of Iran. A total of 95 symptomatic vivax malaria infected patients were enrolled in urban health centers of Bandar-Abbas, Minab, Bandar-Jask and Bashagard districts of Hormozgan Province, southeast of Iran from January 2008 to March 2009 for consideration as a case-series study. DNA was extracted from parasite infected whole blood samples. A polymorphic region of Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface protein 1 [pvMSP1] was selected and a PCR method was employed for all the samples to amplify the specific variable gene fragment. The obtained fragments in primary and secondary samples were sequenced. Both nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the samples were investigated for returned patients. 3.2% of the patients experienced a second attack between 83-199 days after the initial episode of infection. Alignment of nucleotide and their deduced amino acid sequences between pair sequences of primary and secondary isolates revealed 8 and 6 dissimilarities respectively for the first case, and 9 and 7 dissimilarities for the second case. Although microscopical examination of recurrent thick blood smear of the third patient confirmed new P. vivax infection, the venous blood sample was accidentally missed. Sequencing results of primary and returned isolates 1P, 1S, 2P, 2S and 3P in this study showed an identity with BP13, T117, BP13, TC28 and Chesson genotypes respectively. The returned [secondary] isolates may account to be for the sake of reinfection

Inhibitory effect of farnesol on biofilm formation by Candida tropicalis

Candidiasis associated with indwelling medical devices is especially problematic since they can act as substrates for biofilm growth which are highly resistant to antifungal drugs. Farnesol is a quorum-sensing molecule that inhibits filamentation and biofilm formation in Candida albicans. Since in recent years Candida tropicalis have been reported as an important and common non-albicans Candida species with high drug resistance pattern, the inhibitory effect of farnesol on biofilm formation by Candida tropicalis was evaluated. Five Candida tropicalis strains were treated with different concentration of farnesol [0, 30 and 300 micro M] after 0, 1 and 4 hrs of adherence and then they were maintained under biofilm formation condition in polystyrene, 96-well microtiter plates at 37°C for 48 hrs. Biofilm formation was measured by a semiquantitative colorimetric technique based on reduction assay of 2,3- bis -2H-tetrazolium- 5- carboxanilide [XTT]. The results indicated that the initial adherence time had no effect on biofilm formation and low concentration of farnesol [30 micro M] could not inhibit biofilm formation. However the presence of non-adherent cells increased biofilm formation significantly and the high concentration of farnesol [300 micro M] could inhibit biofilm formation. Results of this study showed that the high concentration of farnesol could inhibit biofilm formation and may be used as an adjuvant in prevention and in therapeutic strategies with antifungal drugs

[Density of airborne bacteria in a children's hospital in Tehran]

Atmospheric transport is a key mode of microbial dispersal and the transmission of airborne microbe can have significant impacts on human health. The main objective of this study was to determine the concentrations of airborne bacteria in a children's hospital. Three sampling points were selected. Airborne bacteria were collected with 6 days interval at each location using Quick take 30 sampler at an sampling rate of 28.3 l min-1 from November 2007 to March 2008. The results showed that the highest indoor density of bacteria was 429 CFU/m3 that founded in oncology ward. Bacteria identified were representative of normal flora of the skin, respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. Our analysis revealed that colony of bacteria in 14% in patient room exceeded available guideline value for indoor air quality. That 11% cases was found in the oncology ward

[Interaction between JWH133-induced antinociception and two extreme doses of celecoxib]

JWH133 is known to have cannabinoid-2 [CB2] receptor agonist properties. Celecoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 [COX-2] inhibitor, is also known to have antinociceptive properties. Endocannabinoids produce analgesia possibly through cyclooxygenase [COX] pathway. The aim of the present work was: to study the effect of celecoxib on JWH133 induced antinociception and to compare the effects of two different dose ranges of celecoxib [mg/kg and nano g/kg] on the JWH133 antiniciceptive effect. We have studied the possible interaction of administration of mg/kg [50-200 mg/kg] and Ultra-Low Dose [ULD] [25 and 50 ng/kg] of celecoxib on the antinociceptive effect of intraperitoneal [i.p.] injection of JWH133 using formalin test in mice. JWH133 [0.01, 0.1 and 1 mg/kg] induced antinociceptive effect just in phase I of the formalin test. Celecoxib [50-200 mg/kg] and its ULD [25 and 50 ng/kg] attenuated and potentiated, JWH133 induced antinociception, respectively. It is concluded that JWH-133 induced antinociception is modulated by celecoxib and mg/kg doses of celecoxib showed opposite effects compare to its ultra-low doses

Detection of Aflr gene and toxigenicity of Aspergillus flavus group isolated from patients with fungal sinusitis

Aspergillus flavus is the second most important Aspergillus species causing human infections particularly fungal sinusitis. Since little is known about aflatoxin producing ability of clinical isolates, this study was undertaken to detect the aflatoxigenic isolates amongst these isolates. A total of 23 isolates of A. spp. which were recovered from patients proved to have fungal sinusitis by morphological and histological methods and also 5 additional aflatoxigenic and non-aflatoxigenic reference of A. flavus group strains were studied. The isolates were identified morphologically using Czapek Yeast Agar and A. flavus and parasiticus Agar [AFPA]. Aflatoxin producing ability of the isolates was confirmed by Thin Layer Chromatography. Existing of aflR gene the regulatory gene in aflatoxin biosynthesis, were studied in all isolates by PCR method. All twenty three Aspergillus isolates confirmed as A. flavus group by their macroscopic and microscopic features. One clinical isolate confirmed as A. oryzae by mycological methods. A. oryzae as well as A. flavus JCM2061 and NCPF2008 and 3 clinical isolates were not able to produce orange pigment on AFPA. From total of 23 isolates 4 [17.4%] confirmed to be aflatoxigenic by TLC method. A banding pattern which matched to aflR primers was amplified with approximate size of 800 bp in all 23 clinical A. flavus isolates. A larger banding pattern 1050 bp was revealed in clinical isolate; strain no.20 as well. Some clinical sinus isolates are able to produce aflatoxin and all of studied isolates including; A. oryzae, A. parasiticus and A. sojae were able to amplify aflR gene under our laboratory conditions

[ comparative study of two treatment protocols in short course control of symptoms of allergic rhinitis patients]

Allergic rhinitis is the most common allergic disorder and its prevalence appears to be increasing. For writing prescription we have to consider some points: efficacy, safety and affordability of drugs and compliance of patient. According to the direct costs of allergic rhinitis, we selected two treatment protocols for comparison. 15 to 65 years-old patients suffered from clinical allergic rhinitis at least from one year ago [with annual not seasonal signs and symptoms] referred to Emam Reza hospital arranged in two treatment groups sequentially. After recording the first part of the questionnaire [about their symptoms] treatment started with two protocols. The first was less expensive one included first-generation antihistamine [Chlorpheniramin] and systemic decongestant [Pseudoephedrine] and the second more expensive one consisted of secondgeneration antihistamine [Loratadine] with inhaled corticosteroid [Beclomethasone]. After 45 days the second part of the questionnaire was completed. The patients who changed their jobs during this period were omitted from study. The two protocols were compared with each others by statistics software. Two protocols had similar efficacy on improvement of symptoms such as rhinorrhea, nasal or pharyngeal dryness and itching nasal congestion, PND and sneezing. According to the high price of second protocol and same efficacy of two protocols in some situations such as lack of drug affordability and patients' preference if there are no contraindications the first protocol could be a good alternative for second one

[ correlation between helicobacter pylori infection and squamous cell carcinoma of larynx and hypopharynx]

From the most important laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer risk factors are smoking, alcohol and anemia. But reflux is one of the suggested etiologies. Pregnancy, Nonstroidal anti inflammation drugs and drugs decreasing the lower esophageal sphincter pressure will increase the reflux. Helicobacter pylories role in reflux formation is different due to the involved region and can also have a decreasing role and decline the rate of a series of esophageal and upper aero digestive system disease. This cross - sectional and case - control study was done in Qaem medical hospital, Mashhad during the years 1384 and 1385, for serum level detection of anti -H.pylori IgG and IgA antibodies in blood samples of both control and case groups. The variables were age, sex and serum test results. 45 patients [39 male and 6 female] and 42 controls [33 male and 9 female] were evaluated. 2 groups were matched for age and sex. Positive IgG and IgA results in patients in order was 3 person [6.6 percent] and 3 person [6.6 person] and in control group 26 person [61.9%] and 12 person [28.5%]. Result [P>0.001] was for healthy group showing the protective effect of H. Pylori against laryngeal cancer. In our study, control group with a meaningful difference was affected by H.Pylori infection. This can be due to a protective effect for H. Pylori against the laryngeal and hypopharyngeal malignancies. Prospective studies and simultaneously evaluation of reflux, H. Pylori infection and the regain of gastric location are suggested

Nasopharyngeal tuberculosis: a case report presenting with neck mass

Tuberculosis is a common infectious disease. Nasopharyngeal involvement is a rare finding. We present a case [33-year old female] of known chronic renal failure with primary nasopharyngeal tuberculosis. The only manifestation of disease was bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy. There were no tuberculosis lesions in other organs. Diagnosis was made based on result of pathological examination of biopsy. Improvement was obtained by anti tuberculosis therapy. Tuberculosis must be considered in differential diagnosis of nasopharyngeal mass