Assessment of risk factors of premanturity among neonates born in Bandar Abbas shariati hospital

Prematurity remains the main cause of mortality and morbidity in infants and a problem in the care of pregnant women world-wide. This study describes the risk factors for having a live preterm delivery in Bandar Abbas Shariati Hospital. In this case-control study, we studied 300 neonates who were borned in Shariati hospital in 2011 and divided them into two groups: case group [100 mothers with premature neonates] and control group [200 mothers with term infants]. Risk factors that were studied include maternal age and job, parent's knowledge, the history of preterm birth, uterine abnormality, maternal systemic and infectious disease, prenatal care, placental abnormality, trauma in pregnancy, maternal low weight gain in pregnancy, the number of previous pregnancy, inter pregnancies gap, maternal smoking, membrane abnormality, previous abortion, pregnancy with assisted reproductive therapy. Data collection and analysis were performed using SPSS 16 and t-test and Chi-Square were used to analyze the significance of the results. The results show that in mothers with preterm birth, prolong premature rupture of membrane 27.92 times, uterine and cervical anomaly about 15 times, preeclamcia 5.26 times, the history of preterm birth 4.96 times, family dependency 2.67 times, urinary tract infection 2.24 times and diabetes 2.18 time more exposed to prematurity than mothers with term birth [P<0.05]. According to this study prolong premature rupture of membrane, uterine and cervical anomaly, preeclamcia and history of preterm birth are the most important risk factors for preterm delivery

[Effect of 3-4,methylenedioxymethamphetamine in CA1 hippocampal neurons in male rats]

Considering the role of the hippocampus in memory, this study was done to evaluate the effect of 3-4,methylenedioxymethamphetamine on CA1 hippocampal neurons in male rats. In this experimental study 18 sprague dawley male rats [200-250g] were randomly allocated into three groups as follow: control [intact], control sham and experimental groups. Sham and experimental groups were received normal salin [1 cc] and MDMA10mg/kg IP for 7 days, respectively. Following transcardial perfusion by paraformaldehid 4%, structure and ultrastructure of right CA1 hippocampus were assessed by crysel violet staining and electronic microscope. Data were analyzed using SPSS-16, ANOVA and Tukey tests. There was no significant difference between control [mean=210 +/- 40.38] and sham groups [mean=199 +/- 38.7] in neuron density. Neuron number decreased significantly in experimental group [mean=98 +/- 25.4] in compare to control and sham groups [P<0.001]. There was no ultrastructural abnormality in control and sham groups. Finally, ultrastructural changes with apoptosis characterized by mitochondrial cristae reduction, distribution of nuclear chromatin and loss of cytoplasmic organelles in MDMA groups. This study shows that MDMA administration can stimulate the cell death with apoptotic pattern in hippocampus

[Effect of transforming growth factor alpha of dentyte jyrus neurons and pyramidal cells of CA1 subfiled of hippocampus following ischemia-reperfusion in Rats]

Ischemia-reperfusion invoke cell death in hippocampus. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of transforming growth factor alpha [TGF-alpha] of dentyte jyrus neurons and pyramidal cells of CA1 subfiled of hippocampus following ischemia-reperfusion in rat models. This experimental study was done on 40 male Wistar rats weighing 250-300gr. Animals were divided in four groups: control [n=7], sham [n=7], ischemia [n=14] and treatment [n=14]. Sham group was just under surgical stress. In ischemia and treatment groups after induction of ischemia reperfiusion by obstruction of carotid arteries blocked for 30 minutes, reperfusion PBS [phosphate buffer salin] and subsequently TGF-alpha [50 ng] were injected stereotaxicaly in lateral ventricle, respectively. In 12 and 72 days after treatment the brains were fixated by transcardial perfusion and stained by immunohistochemestry and nissle methods. Furthermore, morris water maze was used to evaluate the learning memory. Data were analyzed using SPSS-16 and ANOVA test. Injection of TGF-alpha increased the cell number in hippocampus of treatment group compared to ischemic group. TGF-alpha increased expression of neuron in dentyte jyrus of treatment group in comparison with ischemic group [P<0.05]. Also spatial memory improved in treatment group in comparison with ischemia group. TGF-alpha improves ischemia-induced neurodegenration and memory impairment

[Ileosigmoid knotting;a case report]

Ileosigmoid knotting [ISK], also known as compound volvulus or double volvulus, is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction. The incidence of ISK is not well known, but it generally occurs in areas with a high incidence of sigmoid volvulus [SV]. Ileosigmoid knotting is predominately seen in males [80.2%] with a mean age of 40 years. In an ileosigmoid knot, closed proximal loops of the ileum become congested and gangrenous within a few hours; therefore, early recognition and surgical treatment of ileosigmoid knots are essential. Despite the critical condition, in less than 20% of patients the diagnosis can be made preoperatively. The mean mortality rate is 6.8-8% in nongangrenous and 20100%-in gangrenous cases. The mortality figures are generally related to the duration of symptoms, the presence or absence of gangrene, and the general status of the patient, including the presence of septicemic shock. A 38-year-old man with a history of IV drug abuse presented with generalized abdominal pain which was severe in the epigaster and hypogaster regions. He had a history of obstipation since four days prior. Upon physical examination, the patient had abdominal tenderness and generalized guarding. Rectal examination was bloody. After adequate hydration, laparatomy was done and ileosigmoid knotting with gangrene of the terminal ileum were seen. A colostomy was performed in proximal end to end anastomosis, in the distal Hartman Poutch. The patient has been followed since three months ago, with no additional complaints at this time

polymerase chain reaction method for rapid detection of Salmonella typhi

Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi is the causative pathogen of typhoid fever. Morbidity and mortality rates of the disease are 16x106 and 6x105 cases per year, respectively. Proper diagnosis of the disease and its suitable treatment have critical roles in morbidity and mortality reduction, especially in the developing countries. The traditional methods for detection of the organism are time consuming with low sensitivity. The aim of the present study is to design a new polymerase chain reaction [PCR] method for rapid detection of the organism. Target specific viaB genes were used for primer designing using Generunner j software. PCR tests were sat up using the standard Salmonella typhi genome. Besides, specificity of the method was determined using negative control bacterial genomes. For construction of positive control, determination of sensitivity of the method and limit of the detection, PCR products were cloned in a pTZ57RT plasmid vector. The agarose gel electrophoresis of PCR products showed 441 bands for the viaB genes. PCR tests for control negative genomes did not create any band on the agarose gel. Results of PCR, enzymatic digestion and sequencing confirmed the cloning process and the positive control construct. Considering the disadvantages of the classic methods for detection of the organism and the advantages of the molecular methods, the diagnostic kit proposes a suitable tool for rapid detection of the Salmonella typhi

Study of different immunogenic antigens of echinococcus granulosus on immunization against hydatid cyst in sheep

Immunogenicity of Echinococcus granulosus different antigens for determination of suitabhe antigen for production of hydatid cyst vaccine compared.Data analysis by one way Cocran and student-test was showed significant difference in optical density between the groups were injected with antigens and the control groups. The most optical density is in the groups were injected by mix of oncosphere and protoscolex and the lowest is in the groups were injected by protoscolex [p < 0.05]. Furthermore, in pathology study, there was not any cyst in injected groups, but in control groups high number and big fertile cysts were founded. The level of protection with antigens of protoscolexes, onchospheres and mix of them were, 50.2,72 and 82% respectively. Vacination by a mix of oncosphere and protoscolex was considerably more effective than each one individually and prevented the hnfection of hydatid cyst with confidence level of 95% [p < 0.05]. So these antigens can produce a suitable immune response and can use for production of vaccine against hydatid cyst

Effect of ferrule on fracture resistance in endodontically treated teeth that were restored with bonded posts and cores

A dowel in an endodontically treated tooth could transfer occlusal forces intraradicularly which may increase the vertical root fracture susceptibility. Ferrule is one of the methods by which tooth structure can be reinforced. Thirty freshly extracted central incisors were endodontically treated. The teeth were randomly divided into two groups. Those in the control group were treated using prefabricated post and composite core [with no ferrule], and the teeth in test group were treated with similar prefabricated posts and cores while having two mm ferrule height. All teeth were restored with full metal crowns. The specimens were mounted on a universal testing machine and a compressive load was applied to the long axis of the teeth until fracture occurred. There was a significant difference between the ferrule and non-ferrule groups [P < 0.000]. The mean for ferrule group was 584N, while this value was 194N in non-ferrule group. The ferrule effect increases the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth that are restored with bonded post and cores

Metastatic follicular thyroid carcinoma with spinal cord compression: a case report

Background and Purpose: Spinal cord compression due to metastasis, as the initial presentation of follicular thyroid carcinoma, is quite uncommon. In this article, we report one case of well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma which has led to the compression of the spinal cord

The patient: The case we report here is a man of 53 years old, with increasing neck pain, paraplegia and urinary incontinence. Magnetic resonance imaging of the neck revealed a mass which had destructed C5 with extension to C6

Conclusion: Histopathology examination demonstrated the metastasis of a well-differentiated follicular carcinoma of thyroid. Therefore, the metastatic lesion of the thyroid carcinoma should be considered in any case of spinal cord compression