Histological evaluation of the pulp of primary teeth after pulpotomy with formocresol and SUAB2

Formocresol is a popular pulpotomy medicament in primary dentition. Because of its systemic and local side effects, it may be essential to use another material instead of formocresol. The purpose of this study was to assess the pulpal response after pulpotomy histologically with two different agents; namely, formocresol and SUAB2. In this randomized clinical trial study, 14 teeth of seven children that should had been extracted because of orthodontic treatment were selected. These teeth were randomly divided into two formocresol and SUAB2 [Shahed University Anti Bleeding 2] groups. Seven teeth were pulpotomized with formocresol and seven teeth with SUAB2. These teeth were extracted after 2 months and the pulpal response was evaluated. Finally, the data were analyzed with exact fisher and Mann-Whitney tests. In the formocresol group, severe inflammation was seen in four teeth, mild inflammation in three teeth, abscess in four teeth, necrosis in two teeth, fibrosis in three teeth and internal resorption in four teeth. In the SUAB2 group, severe inflammation was not seen. Moderate and mild inflammation was seen in four teeth, abscess in two teeth, necrosis in two teeth, fibrosis in three teeth and internal resorption in four teeth. Mann-Whitney test revealed that inflammation is significantly less in the SUAB2 group compared with the formocresol group [p<0/05]. Based on the results of this study, SUAB2 may be used in primary teeth pulpotomy

[Behavioral surveillance survey [BSS] among injection drug users [IDUs] in Zanjan-Iran]

Injection Drug Users [IDUs] include more than 69.9% of known HIV/AIDS cases in Iran. The most important causes of HIV among them are syringe sharing and high risk behaviours such as sexual practice with different partners. Since IDUs are hard to reach and there is little information about them, this behavioural survey conducted to explore Zanjan district.s injection drug users in relation to HIV/AIDS. In this descriptive-cross sectional study, 61 IDUs, inhabitants of Zanjan, were selected in non-random sampling by referring to the most probable sites and places of their presence. Data was collected using a standard Family Health Behavioral Surveillance Survey [BSS] questionnaire designed especially for IDUs. Mean duration of non injected and injected drug use was 12.1 +/- 5 and 4.5 +/- 3.5 years respectively, and age of the first injection was 24 +/- 5.4 years. The most frequently injected drug was Heroin [96.7%] and the most noninjected one was Cannabis [85.2]. 55.7% of IDUs injected 4 or more times per day, and 32.8% reported needle sharing. 100% of the subjects knew the role of used syringe in HIV transmitting. 44.3% had taken an HIV test, and 70.4% knew about their HIV status. The early age of starting drug injection, needle sharing, coverage of voluntary HIV testing in less than 25%, and unawareness of 1/3 of them about their HIV test status indicate the significance of priority and service delivery to this most high risk group

[ effect of one-bottle adhesive on microleakage of filled and unfilled fissure sealants]

Statement of Problem: One of the factors leading to failure of sealant therapy is microleakage. Various materials and methods have been recommended in order to reduce this phenomenon. They include the use of sealants with high and low filler content and the use of adhesives and other conditioning systems for preparation of etched enamel surface

Purpose: The aim of this experimental study was to assess the effect of one-bottle adhesive system on the marginal microleakage of the filled and unfilled fissure sealant

Materials and Method: Forty extracted human caries-free premolars were randomly assigned into 4 groups of 10. The teeth in each group were sealed according to the following protocols: 1] etching + unfilled sealant [clinpro] 2] etching + filled sealant [Delton Fs[+]] 3] etching+ single Bond + unfilled sealant 4] etching +single Bond + filled sealant. The teeth were then thermocycled [500 cycles between 5[degree sign]C and 55[degree sign]C] and immersed in 1% buffered methylene blue dye for 24h. Each tooth was divided into three sections, and each section was analyzed for microleakage, using a stereomicroscope. Kruskall-Wallis test was used for comparison of microleakage among the four groups

Results: The results showed that all the groups had some degree of microleakage and there was not any significant difference among them [ p > 0.05]

Conclusion: The addition of filler particles to sealants and using a bonding agent system [Single Bond] had no effect on reduction of the microleakage

Beliefs, perceptions and practices about asthma among Iranian asthma patients

To evaluate the beliefs and practices of patients diagnosed with asthma about various aspects of their condition we interviewed 123 patients attending 2 outpatient departments of hospitals in Tehran. Most of the participants did not recall their past medical history of asthma. Many patients with a history of using oral inhalers did not use these regularly [41.9%]; the major reason reported was feeling no need to use medication during symptom-free intervals. Only 32 [30.5%] patients demonstrated the correct technique for using their oral inhaler. Patients with asthma need more education about prevention and control of symptoms. Neglect by physicians of the Global Initiative for Asthma management guidelines was another major concern