Effect of functional therapy on orophareangeal airway dimensions in mandibular deficient patients

Severe mandibular deficiency may result in reduced oropharyngeal airway [OAW] dimensions and predispose patients to respiratory dysfunctions such as obstructive sleep apnea and snoring. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of functional treatment on anteroposterior and vertical dimensions of airway in skeletal class III patients with mandibular deficiency. This interventional study was done on lateral cephalogerams of 25 mandibular deficient patients with average 9.9 years of age who were treated with modified activator appliance. Digitized cephalograms were traced and analyzed by ViewBox version 3,1,1,3 cephalometric software. Paired t-test was performed to evaluate pre- and post-treatment data. Skeletal sagittal discrepancy was improved with decreasing ANB angle from 6.68 ° to 4.48° and increasing SNB angle from 74.48 ° to 76.78 ° [p<0.001]. Anteriorposterior dimensions of nasopharynx were increased from 19.64 to 21.52 mm [P=0/021], Anterior-posterior dimensions oforopharynx increased in AW2 and AW4 [p<0/05] but in AW3 increasing fromll.26 to 12.27 mm was not statistical significant [p=0.091]. Anterior-posterior dimensions of hypopharynx increased from 16.54 to 19.22 mm [p<0/001]. Vertical dimension of airway increased from 60.73 to 64.79 mm [p<0/05]. Treatment of mandibular deficient patients with functional appliances improved mandibular position as well as airway dimensions

[Relationship between parity and metabolic syndrome in non-obese postmenopausal women]

Metabolic syndrome is a key factor in developing cardiovascular disease and is a major problem in many countries. With regard to the young Iranian population, high frequency of pregnancy, and the high prevalence of metabolic syndrome, especially in women after menopause, it is a great concern in Iran. This study was performed to investigate the relationship between the number of deliveries [Parity] and metabolic syndrome in non-obese postmenopausal women. This cross sectional study was carried out on 140 healthy non-obese postmenopausal women who had a BMI less than30 Kg/m2, at 2009 in Ahvaz. The data which were collected through interviews contained demographic information, the number of parity, age at menopause, values of HDL-C, FBS, TG serum after 12 hours fasting, blood pressure and waist circumference. We used the Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis by SPSS 15 software. There was significant relationship between parity and components of metabolic syndrome such as FBS [P<0.001], systolic blood pressure [P=0.001], diastolic blood pressure [P=0.003], waist circumference [P=0.004] and triglycerides[P=0.009] except HDL-C [P=0.08]. There is significant relationship between parity and metabolic syndrome [P=0. 05] Increasing in parity is associated with increasing in FBS, BP, TG and WC and metabolic syndrome.Therefore, control and reduction of pregnancies should not be disregarded

[Effect of some risk factors associated with intrauterine growth retardation [IUGR]]

Intrauterine Growth Retardation [IUGR] is defined as approximate weight of embryo being less than the ten percentile. Some of the factors contributing to the IUGR are as follow: The mother history of chronic diseases, the mothers BMI, the trends of mother weight gain at the time of pregnancy, the mother's age at the time of pregnancy, the mothers job, various embryonic infections, placenta and uterine disorder. This cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study was performed on pregnant women referring to the prenatal clinic of Baghiyatollah hospital at the years of 2009 and 2010 .Fifty hundred four pregnant women, between the age of 18 and 35 years were examined as available, these following variable were surveyed: The mothers age at the time of delivery, the mothers BMI at early pregnancy, the mothers weight gain during pregnancy, the mother history of chronic diseases, the age of pregnancy, the mothers job and education, blood group and RH, gravid, the interval of deliveries, gender of newborn with IUGR. Data was analyzed by SPSS, chi-square and the logistic regression model. 60.3% had normal BMI, 29.2% had BMI higher than normal, and 10.5% had BMI lower than normal. 50% had normal weight gain, 31.7% had weight gain higher than normal, 13.1% had weight again lower than normal, 10.3% had a chronic disease, 15.1% were employed and 83.3%of women were educated. There was a significant relationship among the mothers BMI at the beginning of pregnancy, the rate of mothers weight again during pregnancy, the mothers history of chronic disease, the mothers job and the newborns gender with IUGR. Probability of IUGR is higher in woman whose weight gain was lower than normal rang, female newborn and housekeeper mothers. There is a direct link between IUGR and the history of chronic disease in mothers

[Comparative efficacy of tibolone and classic HRT on the urinary complications in menopausal women]

Urinary complications are a common disorder which affects the quality of life of women. The objective of this study was to compare the therapeutic effects of Tibolone and classic hormone replacement therapy [HRT] on the urinary complications of menopausal women. This randomized controlled trial study was conducted at Tarbiat Modarres University in 2007-2008 on 100 menopausal women which were divided into two therapeutic groups. Women in the first group used 2.5 mg tibolone plus one tablet of Ca+D daily. Women in the second group used HRT classic [0.625 mg conjugated equine estrogen and 2.5 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate] plus one tablet of Ca+D daily, for six months. Before and after each treatment, frequency, urgency, nocturia, stress and urge urine incontinence was recorded. The collected data was analyzed by the SPSS software using independent sample t-test, Mann-Whitney test, Wilcoxon test, and Fisher test. The data showed that the two groups were matched in age, menarche and menopausal age, gravid, education level, occupation and socio-economic level [P>0.05]. After six months, all of the urinary complications reduced after treatment in each group, but Wilcoxon test showed that only the reduction of nocturia was significant [P=0.007, P=0.03]. Mann-Whitney test showed that all of these complications in the HRT group reduced more in the tibolone group, but this reduction statistically wasn't significant [P>0.05]. Treatment by classic hormone replacement therapy reduces the urinary complications of menopausal women in comparison with Tibolone. Therefore care should be taken for considering of an appropriate medical approach in these cases

[ effect of tibolone on hclimacteric symptoms of healthy postmenopausal women]

Menopause is related to many symptoms that have an effect on women's life quality. HRT and its alternatives such as Tibolone are some of the routes for enhancement of different aspects of QoL in menopause. The aim of this study was the comparison of the effects of Tibolone and placebo on climacteric symptoms of healthy menopausal women. This is a randomized, prospective clinical study. A total of 96 women with no absolute contraindication for hormone replacement therapy [HRT] that reffered to selected clinics [gynecologic clinics in Fajr and Avesina Hospitals, Aboraihan and Shahid Haidari Polyclinic and an individual clinic] during 2007-2008 were divided into two groups: 41 women in the Tibolone group received Tibolone 2.5 mg/day + Ca-D [500 mg +200 IU] and 45 women in the placebo group received only Ca-D [500 mg +200 IU] for six months. At baseline and after six months, climacteric symptoms were assessed by Greene Climacteric Scale [GCS]. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 15. Paired and independent t-test, Chi-Square test and Mann-Whitney were used for analyzing the collected data. Thirty two women in the Tibolone group and 43 women in the placebo completed the study. Comparing the baseline and placebo values, the Tibolone group significantly improved on all of GCS subscales which include: depression, anxiety, somatic, vasomotor symptoms and libido [P<0.05]. In postmenopausal women, Tibolone significantly improved all aspects of climacteric symptoms and increased their quality of life

[The effects of Carbon Monoxide of air pollution on fetus and changes in umbilical cord pathology]

Nowadays, air pollution is a very serious problem that affects everyone especially old people, pregnant women and their fetuses, infants and all high-risk patients. This study was done to survey the effects of carbon monoxide of air pollution on fetus and changes in umbilical cord pathology. In this historical cohort study, the effect of carbon monoxide of air pollution on fetus and umbilical cord was studied in Mahdieh hospital in Tehran [Case group] and Fayazbakhsh hospital in Karaj [Control group] in 2001-02. We compared case group born to mothers who were exposed to outdoor air pollution during pregnancy [N=32], and the control group born to the mothers who were not routinely exposed to air pollution [N=32]. Two groups were similar in maternal age, gestational age, gravida and family income. Carbon monoxide, carboxyhemoglonin, birth weight and umbilical disorders were compared in two groups and the relationship between carbon monoxide with these variables was evaluated. Carbon monoxide levels were 16.69 ppm in case group and 2.68 ppm in control group [P<0.001] and carboxyhemoglobin levels in fetus was 11.21% in case group and 1.58% in control group [P<0.001]. A significant positive correlation was found between carbon monoxide and carboxyhemoglobin [R=0.87] [P<0.001]. In the case group, birth weight was decreased. Also, a significant negative correlation observed between carbon monoxide and weight [R=-0.53] [P<0.001] and between carboxyhemoglobin and weight [R=0.66]. Ambient carbon monoxide increases carboxyhemoglobin level and, it can effect on birth weight

Iron status in newborns born to Iron - deficient mothers

Iron deficiency anemia is one of the important problems during pregnancy. Iron deficiency has several adverse effects on pregnant women and their newborns. To determine the status of iron store in newborns born to mothers with iron deficiency anemia. In a cross-sectional study, 90 mothers were categorized into three groups according to their pre-delivery hemoglobin and serum ferritin concentrations. Those with Iron-Deficiency Anemia [IDA] were defined as a hemoglobin concentration [Hb] <11 g/dl and serum ferritin concentration [SF] of <10 ng/ml; those with nonanemic iron deficiency [NIDA] with an Hb of 11 g/dl and SF of <10 ng/ml; and those mothers with normal Hb and iron status, defined as an Hb 11 g/dl and a SF 10 ng/ml, who were treated as normal control. Then cord bloods of the newborn were compared among the three groups. Significant differences were found in mean Hb [p<0.01] and SF [p<0.03] among normal control and IDA, with the lowest values found in neonates born to mothers with iron deficiency anemia. Conclusions: Contrary to previous beliefs, the iron status of mothers can influence their babies

Evaluation of side effects of low dose contraceptive pills administerd by the vaginal route

Oral contraceptive pills have several side effects especially on the gastrointestinal tract and liver. Absorption of low dose [LD] pills by the vaginal route avoids the first pass of the steroids through these tracts and probably has fewer side effects. This study was a cohort study for evaluation of side effects and acceptability of LD pills administered by the vaginal route. In a clinical trial study, undesirable side effects such as nausea, dysmenorrhea, breast tenderness; gastrointestinal disorders, vertigo, headache, and breakthrough bleeding [BTB] were studied. The side effects, efficacy and acceptability were evaluated in 220 women using contraceptive pills containing 150mg levonorgestrel and 30mg ethinyl estradiol via the vaginal route in. 660 cycles. The side effects among the patients who used the contraceptive pills vaginally were nausea in four subjects [1.8%], vertigo and headache in two subjects [0.9%], breast tenderness in four subjects [1.8%], dysmenorrhea in four subjects [1.8%], gastrointestinal disorders in one subject [0.5%], and BTB [breakthrough bleeding] in twelve subjects [5.5%]. Most subjects in this study expressed a high level of acceptability with the vaginal route. There was only one unwanted pregnancy that occurred when the subject used the contraceptive pill incorrectly. Using contraceptive pills administered by the vaginal route appears to be a safe method with few side effects and high acceptability

[ role of intravenous albumin in the prevention of severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in ART cycles]

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of ablumin on inhibition of severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome [OHSS] in women at high risk. A prospective, interventive and randomized study was planned and performed at the IVF department of the Royan Research Center. Ninety high risk patients from moderate to serere OHSS who were undergoing IVF ICSI cycles, were divided in two groups. 57 patients in the study group and 33 in the control group. At the time of oocyte recovery, 50gr human albumin in 500 ml of normal saline [N.S] was injected to the study group. The control group only received 500 ml N.S. All patients in study and control groups were matched for age, number of oocytes, level of Estradiol at the time of hCG injection, duration of Follicular phase, amount of hMG used and the number of the transferred embryos. Of the 57 patients in the study group, one had OHSS, while in the control group, 4 OHSS patient was found in 33 patients [1/8% versus 2%, p<0.05]. We conclude that prophylactic infusion of human serum albumin can reduce or mitigate severe OHSS in patients at high risk

Is there any relation between estrogen level and poor cervical mucus in patients receiving clomiphene citrate?

Clomiphene citrate [CC] has an adverse effect on the quality and quantity of cervical mucus [CM]. Poor cervical mucus has been reported in 15% of CC-treated women. CC exhibits estrogen agonist and antagonist activities. Antiestrogenic activity affecting the endocervical glands is theorized to cause a decrease in cervical mucus quality and quantity. An experimental study was performed to assess if there is any relation between poor CM and the level of estrogen in those to whom the drug is administered. We used CC on 50 subjects and evaluated CM and measured serum E2 levels simultaneously. We concluded that there is no relation between the level of estrogen and the quality or quantity of CM in these patients