Effect of closantel on some blood parameters, histopathological changes and fetal development in pregnant female rabbits

The effect of closantel on some blood parameters, histopathological changes and fetal development was studied on 3 groups of 10 pregnant rabbits each. The first group was used as a control whereas, the other groups were injected subcutaneously with closantel in a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight twice with one week apart at days 0 [day of mating] and 7of pregnancy [group A] and days 6 and 13 of pregnancy [group B]. The results revealed increased gamma-globulin concentration in the 20[th] and 28[th] day of pregnancy in both groups. Esinophil and monocyte numbers were significantly increased in the 20[th] and 28[th] day of pregnancy in group A and in the 28[th] of pregnancy in group B. There was no significant effect of the treatment on total leukocytic count, numbers of lymphocytes, neutrophils, basophiles and red blood cells. Hemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume [PCV], total protein, albumin, and globulin in the blood [alpha and beta] were within normal levels. Histopathological examination demonstrated activation in the mesenteric lymph nods, spleenic corpuscles and thymus gland in treated animals at both periods. Atretic oocytes in primary follicles in the ovary of the treated rabbits at day 0 and 7 of pregnancy and necrotic changes in hepatic parenchyma and urinefrous tubules were clearer in rabbits treated at days 6 and 13 of pregnancy. The anthelmentic closantel did not cause embryonic or teratogenic effects in rabbits. It is concluded that closantel has immune stimulatory effects which may contribute to the death of the parasite. It decreased the ovulation rate so it is highly advisable to avoid exposure of females to the drug during ovulation time. The drug also caused some necrotic changes in liver and urineferous tubules. It is contraindicated in animals having liver and kidney problems

Developmental studies on the kidneys of rabbits

The development of the rabbit's kidney was investigated during the pre and postnatal periods. The bilateral mesonephroi appeared in 11 days old fetuses as two masses bulging into the coelomic cavity; one on either side of the developing aorta. Each mesonephric blastema was composed of primitive tubules, corpuscle and duct; supported by vascularized mesenchyme and covered by the coelomic mesothelium. By the 14[th] day, brush border appeared in some mesonephric tubules. Once the metanephroi appeared; in 15 days old fetuses, degenerative changes began to occur in the mesonephroi. The latter were completely disappeared in fetuses of 22 days of age. In 15 days old fetuses, the uretric bud appeared in the center of the metanephric blastema. As the fetal age reached 17 days, this bud began to branch. At 20 days, metanephric corpuscles started to develop. Near the end of fetal life, marked maturation of some corpuscles was evident. By the 25[th] day, the proximal and distal tubules as well as the macula densa began to appear. In 27 days old, the renal pelvis, collecting tubules and the medullary rays became visible. Moreover, thick and thin segments of nephrons loop appeared in the medulla. In newly born rabbits, the production of new nephrons in the subcapsular zone persisted for 2 weeks. From 4 weeks and onward, the collecting tubules became lined by dark and light cells

Evaluation of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay [elisa] and pathological findings in the diagnosis of tuberculosis in camels [Camelus Dromedarius] in Egypt

A modified ELISA for serological evaluation of new standard key instead of the present key for interpretation of single intradermal tuberculin test in camels were conducted on sera taken from field animal and experimentally infected camels with a virulent Mycobacterium bovis. The results showed a high specificity of newly standard key than the present key for the detection of anti-tuberculous antibodies in sero-diagnosis of tuberculosis in camels. Moreover, a good correlation between post mortem findings, bacteriological isolation and the ELISA test results was found. Histopathologically, tuberculous lesions in experimentally infected camels were characterized by a productive and proliferative response of fibrous tissue with no exudative reaction and a few Langhan's giant cells. This is in contrast to lesions observed in domestic ruminants. The main feature of the lesion is caseous necrosis with some calcification and few giant cells. Acid-fast bacteria [AFB] arc rarely evident

Purification of 38KDa antigen for diagnosis of tuberculosis in buffaloes

The 38 kDa antigen of Mycobacteriurn tuberculosis strain H37/Rv was prepared und purified from the unheated culture filtrate by alcohol fractionation after being precipitated with ammonium sulphate. The prepared antigen was evaluated in comparison with bovine tuberculin by skin sensitivity test and ELISA in guinea pigs experimentally infected with typical and atypical mycobacteria. Results indicated the ability of 38 kDa antigen to differentiate between guinea pigs infected with both types of mycobacteria. Also, the antigen was evaluated in comparison with bovine PPD using ELISA for serum samples taken from tuberculin positive and negative buffaloes. The antigen was able to distinguish infection of pathogenic potential forms from cross-reaction sensitization by environmental mycobacteria at serum dilution of 1/80. Specificity of the 38 kDa antigen was 88.9% versus to 66.7% for bovine PPD. Therefore, 38 kDa antigen is strongly suggested for serological diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis

Reduction of Ce [IV] by carboxylic acids in sulphate medium II dicarboxylic acids

The kinetic of reduction of Ce [IV] by a series of dicaboxylic acids in sulfuric acid solution was studied. The order of the reaction is unity in Ce [IV] and close to unity in the substrate, except for tartaric acid. The reactivities of the substrates are malic >tartaric >succinic in similar to aspartic. Activation parameters were evaluated and mechanisms were suggested which involve complex formation between the two reactants prior to their decomposition as rate determining