[Trans fatty acids and gestational diabetes mellitus: systematic review]

Introduction: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus [GDM] is a common metabolic disorder in pregnancy that is diagnosed for the first time in the second half pregnancy. Associations between consumption of trans fatty acids and GDM have been conflicted in many studies. The purpose of this study is to determine this relationship. Materials and Methods: This is a narrative review to assess the relationship between trans fatty acids consumption before and during pregnancy and GDM incidence. We searched Google Scholar, Cochrane, and Science Direct and Med Line for identifying relevant analytic studies [Cohort and case- control studies]. We used the key words: Trans Fatty Acids, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, pregnancy glucose intolerance. Result: At last we identified 12 relevant studies. Studies demonstrated that high trans fatty acids and animal fat intake before and during pregnancy significantly increased blood glucose levels in late pregnancy. Conclusion: High trans fatty acids intake and animal fat consumption in daily diet before and during pregnancy disturb glucose metabolism and increase risk of GDM in the second half of pregnancy, although all of the studies recommended more widespread clinical trials to identify the exact relationship between high trans fatty acids intake and GDM

[Relationship between cigarette smoking and gestational diabetes mellitus]

Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disease and the most prevalent disorder in pregnancy. Gestational diabetes mellitus is a kind of diabetes that is recognized in pregnancy. Many risk factors have been recognized for gestational diabetes mellitus. Determining new risk factors help to identify women who are at risk for diabetes. This research was conducted in order to determine the relationship between cigarette smoking before or during pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus in women referring to health care centers in Tehran during 2008-2009. This case control study was conducted on 110 pregnant women with gestational diabetes [case group] and 96 pregnant women without the condition [control group] referring to healthcare clinics affiliated to Research Centers of Endocrinology and Metabolism at Ayatollah Taleghani Hospitals as well as Iran Research Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism. A questionnaire was used for collecting data by interviewing the subjects. Both groups were matched for age and parity. Demographic characteristics were similar in both groups. There was a significant difference between the two groups in cigarette smoking before or during pregnancy and occurring diabetes mellitus [p=0.0001] with an estimated odds ratio [OR] of 3.79 [%95 CI=1.37 +/- 10.53]. The present findings showed a significant relationship between cigarette smoking and gestational diabetes mellitus

[Relationship between maternal hemoglobin level in first trimester with gestational diabetes mellitus]

Identification of women at risk of diabetes mellitus a most prevalent disorder in pregnancy, could be useful. This 2009 study investigated whether high maternal Hemoglobin [HB/ ] level in the first trimester would be associated with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in women referring to healthcare centers in Tehran. A case-control was conducted on 60 pregnant women with gestational diabetes [case group] and 61 pregnant women without the condition [control group] referring to healthcare clinics affiliated to the Research Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism of the Ayatolah Taleghani Hospital as well as Iran Research Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, selected by convenience sampling. An information form was used for collecting data by interviewing the subjects. Both groups were matched for age, number of abortions and parity. Demographic characteristics were similar in the two groups. Levels of Hb [>13.8 g/dl] in the case group were higher than in the control group [60% vs. 6.6%] significant difference between the 2 groups [p=0.0001] with an estimated odds ratio [OR] 7.61 [CI 95%=2.72 -21.28]. Findings showed a significant relationship between high maternal Hb and Gestational diabetes Mellitus. Healthcare workers can use the results of this study to monitor high maternal hemoglobin in the first trimester as a significant risk factor for gestational diabetes. Thus, in selected screening programs for gestational diabetes in terms of risk factors, women should undergo GTT and preventive measures with less time and cost can be taken decrease the complications