[Histopathological findings in necrotic spaces developed with doxorubicin and 150 kHz ultrasound at low intensity and a combination of these two methods on adenocarcinoma tumor breast cancer in BALB/c mice]

Background: breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women. One in eight women will be diagnosed with breast cancer in their lifetime. Chemotherapy works on active cells. Active cells are cells that are growing and dividing into more of the same type of cell. Cancer cells are active, but so are some healthy cells. Also, scientists work constantly to develop ways of providing treatment with fewer chemotherapy side effects

Objectives: the aim of this study was antitumor effect of simultaneous low-intensity, 150 kHz ultrasound, in combination with the reduced dose of anticancer drug Doxorubicin [DOX] on breast adenocarcinoma using murine model [BALB/c]

Methods: twenty-five female BALB/c mice were used in this study. The tumor was implanted under the breast skin of mice. Mice were divided into five groups, namely control, sham, drug [IV injected of 2 mg/kg of DOX], drug [IV injected of 1 mg/kg of DOX] + US [150 kHz for 15 minutes] and exposure to ultrasound [150 kHz for 15 minutes] alone. The data were analyzed employing ANOVA using SPSS software V.13 and complementary test of Tooki was done

Results: it was shown that, after injection of DOX, exposure to ultrasound at 150 kHz the necrotic spaces in adenocarcinoma tumors compared to control and sham groups have meaningful variance [p<0.001]. There was also a significant difference [the bigger the necrotic spaces] between the drug+US group and drug treated group [p<0.05], It should be mentioned that the dose of DOX in drug+US group was reduced to 1mg/kg

Conclusions: the co-administration of DOX and low-intensity ultrasound provided a more effective treatment than the drug alone in murine adenocarcinoma breast cancer. The combined treatment appeared to produce synergistic effects that could prove potentially useful in reducing the side effects of DOX by lowering the required effective dose of the drug while increasing the efficiency of the therapy as a whole

[ experimental study on histopathological lesions of Iranian isolates of influenza A[H9N2] virus in Balc/C mouse]

Avian influenza H9N2 viruses are circulating in domestic poultry worldwide. Although this avian subtype is generally not highly pathogenic for avian species, these viruses have recently been transmitted to mammalian species, including humans. So this study has been done to prescribe the pathologic lesions of this virus in BALB/C mouse as a mammalian mode. We infected 25 female BALB/C mice with 50 micro l of 106EID50 of virus per 50 micro l chorioalantoic fluid. 25 mice as a control group received only 50 micro l of uninfected chorioalantoic fluid. Sampling was done on days 3, 6, 9 and 12 post infection. The following tissues were examined by light microscopy for the presence of lesions and for the detection of Influenza viral antigen [Immunohistochemistry]: lungs, trachea, brain, liver, intestine, spleen, kidneys and heart. Histopathologic studies revealed that this virus only can induce local lesions in lung and trachea in the form of interstitial bronchopneumonia and tracheitis. However these findings showed that Influenza A H9N2 viruses are potential to infect mammals but severity of the lesions differ from sub type to sub type. As the human health have now gained importance, both for illness and fatalities that have occurred following natural infection with avian viruses, and for the potential of generating a reassortant virus that could give rise to the next human influenza pandemic, more consideration and prevention should be applied