[Stressors and coping strategies of psychiatric nurses in psychiatric wards]

Psychiatry units' nurses are faced with several tensions. Therefore, using proper coping strategies for reducing their aggravating effects seems necessary. The purpose of this study was to determine the stressors, coping strategies in nurses, working in psychiatry units of Razi Medical Educational Center. This survey was a descriptive-analytical study which was carried out with 104 participants of psychiatric nurses. Data gathering strategies consisted of three questionnaires: Personal information and Devilliers, Carson and Leary Stress Scale and PsychNurse Methods of Coping, stress and strategies of coping in Psych Nurse were measured. For analyzing the data Spss.17 was used. In order to answer the research's questions of Pearson correlation, Regression, variance analysis, Tukey and t-test were used. Low payment; threats from patients and attendants; Lack of enough safety in wards were common causes of stress among nurses in psychiatry wards. Acute units nurses were experiencing relatively more stress than other units' nurses in which this difference was more significant in chronic units [p=0/02] .There were no significant relation between other individual variables with job stress except the sex variable. Male nurses have experienced more high significant stress in comparison with female ones [p=0/04]. Most nurses are trying to gain adaptation with these tensions by believing in and feeling good about themselves; increasing knowledge and experience and relying on their abilities. Using emotional base coping for nurses in acute units and using problem base coping in chronic units is reported more than other units. Employing focus diverting thought-attention and emotional conflict in female nurses were more than male ones, in which significant difference were obtained in just thought-focus diversion [p=0/04]. Acute wards' nurses, who were experiencing high levels of tensions, employing extensively emotional base coping, educating, preventive practices and coping with received stress is recommended for employees, especially psychiatry wards' nurses

[Qualitative and quantitative performance of equipment and non-structural vulnerability in selected public hospitals in Tehran city during an earthquake]

One of the important tasks of medical centers is to provide emergency services to the injured during an earthquake. Therefore, these medical centers always should be prepared to deal with such circumstances. Non-structural elements are the important components of medical centers that should be considered. In this study, qualitative and quantitative performance of equipment and non-structural vulnerability of seven public hospitals in Tehran city have been evaluated during an earthquake. In this cross-sectional research, all public hospitals in Tehran city were studied including governmental or public, private, military and also social security. Using WHO/PAHO Standard Checklist, seven public hospitals were selected and evaluated by convenience sampling method in eleven sections. According to the results, the lowest functional level was observed in emergency exit systems, communication systems, furniture and equipment. The studied hospitals were at a satisfactory level in heating and cooling systems, ventilation systems of care units, fire detection and extinguisher. Although 56% of the mentioned hospitals were at a satisfactory level in overall assessment of performance in non-structural features, the critical, vital and effective sections of the hospitals were functioning at an average and some in even low levels of safety. Totally, the hospitals lacked a proper preparation in disaster in non-structural evaluation; furthermore, there was a standard instruction in non-structural immunization that hospitals should consider in preparation

[ key role of type IV collagen in developing retinal basement membrane in mouse]

Basement membranes are specialized extracellular matrices serve as development, proliferation and substrates for migration. Collagen fibers specially type IV, are the most important part of this area. As retina is one of the target organs in diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy and diabetic nephropathy are major cause of end stage - renal and retinal diseases and resulting in increased in morbidity and mortality of effected individuals, therefore early diagnosis leads to better treatment. Investigation the appearance and distribution of collagen IV during gestational days and early postnatal period. 24 intact female Balb/c mice were kept under normal nutrition and environment condition. After mating, vaginal plug was assumed as zero day of pregnancy. From [13[th]-18[th]] days, gestation pregnant mice were sacrified and their embryos as well as pups from 1st to 5th days were collected. For histochemichal studies, the head of specimens were fixed, histological preparation was done and by using monocolonal antibody against for tracing of collagen type IV were carried out. Our finding revealed that amount of collagen IV in internal limiting membrane [ILM] and extra cellular matrix [ECM] of the retina appearance on embryonic 16[th] day and increase continuously until end stage of embryonic life. In addition, strong labeling was observed until 3rd day of postnatal period but these reactions did not increase significantly after these periods. These findings indicate that retinal development is dependent on different proteins by special regards specially collagen IV