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Abstract Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) can differentiate into osteoblasts, indicating that both are potential candidates for bone tissue engineering. Osteogenesis is influenced by many environmental factors, one of which is lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS-induced NF-κB activity affects the osteogenic potencies of different types of MSCs differently. This study evaluated the effect of LPS-induced NF-κB activity and its inhibition in DPSCs and PDLSCs. DPSCs and PDLSCs were cultured in an osteogenic medium, pretreated with/without NF-κB inhibitor Bay 11-7082, and treated with/without LPS. Alizarin red staining was performed to assess bone nodule formation, which was observed under an inverted light microscope. NF-κB and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities were measured to examine the effect of Bay 11-7082 pretreatment and LPS supplementation on osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs and PDLSCs. LPS significantly induced NF-κB activity (p = 0.000) and reduced ALP activity (p = 0.000), which inhibited bone nodule formation in DPSCs and PDLSCs. Bay 11-7082 inhibited LPS-induced NF-κB activity, and partially maintained ALP activity and osteogenic potency of LPS-supplemented DPSCs and PDLSCs. Thus, inhibition of LPS-induced NF-κB activity can maintain the osteogenic potency of DPSCs and PDLSCs.
RESUMO
Aims: To find out the scientific base of the traditional plant Myrmecodia pendans as a new natural source for herbal remedies in aspect of its therapeutic compounds and cytotoxic effect on normal cells. Study Design: Experimental laboratory, in vitro study. Place and Duration of Study: Laboratorium Bio Core Faculty of Dentistry Trisakti University, Jakarta, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat (BALITRO), Bogor and Pusat Studi Satwa Primata, Bogor, between March to August 2014. Methodology: Several extraction methods of Myrmecodia pendans using maceration technique was done to evaluate their phytochemical contents and cytotoxic effects using (3-(4,5- dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) tetrazolium (MTT) assay method. Results: The phytochemical test of both ethanol 70% extract and boiling water extraction produce active phenolic compounds, especially those of flavonoids. There is no cytotoxic effect of the ethanol 70% dried extract on fibroblast cells by MTT assay method. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test showed significant differences of % inhibition cells growth effect between M. pendans extracts and control group (p=0.00<0.05). Tukey’ high significant difference (HSD) test showed significant differences of % inhibition cells growth effect between each concentrations of 500; 250; 100; 50; 25; 12,5; 6,25; 3,125; 1,56 to 1.000 ppm and also between 1.000 ppm to control (p=0.00<0.05). Conclusion: Myrmecodia pendans can be used as herbal remedies and moreover, the water boiling extraction can be employed as a simple manner for community herbal medicine without any toxic effect on cells.
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This epidemiological survey was conducted to find features of degenerative diseases associated with loss of teeth in the elderly. One hundred sixty-seven elderly (> or = 60 years old) people from local government health centers in East Jakarta, Indonesia were included in the study. The degenerative diseases (DM, hypertension, heart disease) were determined by physical examination, laboratory testing and questionnaires. Tooth loss was measured by the DMF-T (decay, missing, filling teeth) index. Oral hygiene condition was based on OHI-S (oral hygiene index simplified) index. The most common degenerative disease was hypertension (45.5%). DM was found a few (3.6%). Approximately 55% of respondents had moderate oral hygiene problems. The demand for professional dental care was low. There was no significant association between degenerative diseases and the loss of teeth. In conclusion, the loss of teeth was not associated with degenerative diseases, but may have been influenced by local factors such as a low demand for dental hygiene.