Single parenting a risk factor for depression in adolescents

The purpose of the present research was to find out the level of Depression among adolescents, living in single parent family. It was hypothesized that the adolescents with single parent due to; Death, Divorce, Separation and Lack of physical presence would have more depression as compare to adolescents living with both parents. Sample of the present research consists of 240 adolescents, 120 males and 120 females, ranging from 12 to 17 years of age. Short Demographic Information Form [DIP] use to select the required groups and Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale [RCADS], was used to assess the level of depression among the adolescents. For the purpose of statistical analysis [One way Analysis of Variance] [ANOVA] was applied to determine the differences between both parent group and sub-categories of single parent groups. SPSS-17.0 was used to calculate statistics. The results showed the significant differences [F [4, 235] - 23.375, p<.05] in level of depression between adolescents living with both parent and single parent groups

Risk factor of behavioral problems among adolescents living in single parenthood

The purpose of the present research was to find out the risk factor of behavioral problems among Pakistani adolescents, living in single parenthood. It was hypothesized, that the adolescents of single parent due to lack of physical presence, separation, divorce, and death would have more behavioral problems as compared to adolescents living with both parents group. The sample of the research consists of 240 adolescents, 120 males and 120 females, ranging from 12 to 17 years of age. Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire [SDQ] and, a short Demographic Information Form [DIF] were used to asses behavioral problems. For the statistical application, analysis of variance [ANOVA] was applied to determine the difference between the various sub-categories of "sample". The results showed significant differences in the behavioral problems among adolescents living with four sub-categories of single parent groups and both parents

Management of dependency in psychotherapy

The present study was conducted to investigate the management of dependency in psychotherapy in Pakistan. Twelve Male and twelve Female clients in the two categories of remainers and terminators, in equal numbers were included in the study. Content Analysis of first two recorded therapeutic sessions of each client was conducted. Highly significant level of Inter-Rater Reliability was obtained. Sign Test was used to find out the difference between the ratio of approach and avoidance interventions of the therapist. The result revealed that approach interventions used in the first two therapeutic sessions led to an increase in the frequency of the dependency bids of the client, and the client tended to be a remainer, while with avoidance interventions the frequency of dependency bids decreased and the client tended to be a terminator

Social anxiety among adolescents living with single parent families

To determine difference in level of social anxiety between adolescents living with both parents and Single parent families. Karachi City, during September 2003 to July 2006. Subjects were selected from higher secondary level school/college, both male /female between the ages 12-17. After detail literature review, it was hypothesized that the level of anxiety would be more in adolescents living with single parents as compare to those living with both parents; and there would be significant difference in level of social anxiety among sub-categories of single parent groups. In order to test the hypotheses 240 college students [male/female] were selected to administer Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale [RCADS]. The students were selected on the basis of demographic information for the required categories including, 1] control group who were living with both real biological parent, 2] Single parent group includes four subgroups death, separation, divorced, and lack of Physical presence group. For the purpose of statistical analysis t-test and analysis of variance was used. The result suggests there is significant difference on the variable of social anxiety between adolescents living with both parents and single parent families; as well as among subgroups, the highest level of social anxiety found in separation group. In the present study adolescents belonging to single parent families found to have greater social anxiety than those living in both parent families. Availability of both parents develops sense of security, confidence and social adjustment among adolescents and 'losing a parent' stigmas develops avoidance from social situation that may cause social anxiety. The higher amount of social anxiety was found in separation group