RESUMO
Over the past 50 years, the average age of onset of menarche has significantly declined and found to be a risk factor for breast cancer
Objectives: The research objective is to assess the effect of socioeconomic status, BMI, physical activity and stress on the age of menarche of school girls of urban and peri-urban communities in Lahore
Methods: This cross-sectional study estimated the age at menarche and investigated its relationship with socioeconomic status, BMI, physical activity and stress. It was carried out in 2 schools of peri-urban and urban communities of Lahore, selected through convenience sampling. The data was collected from adolescent girls [aged 13-17 years] from grades 9 and 10 through self-constructed questionnaire. All 199 adolescent girls experiencing menstruation were enrolled in the study
Results: The estimated average age at menarche was 12.66 +/- 1.12 years collectively and 12.92il.21 and 12.37 +/- 1.59 in girls of peri-urban and urban schools respectively. Mean age of menarche was not significantly different in categories of BMI, levels of physical activity and stress but showed statistically significant difference in categories of socio-economic status
Conclusion: It was concluded that mean age of menarche is influenced by socio-economic status
RESUMO
To evaluate the efficacy of adopting WHO feeding guidelines on weight gain and case fatality rate in malnourished children. Cross-sectional, observational study. Department of Pediatrics, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, from 2009 to 2010. Patients above 6 months and less than 5 years of age with severe malnutrition were included during the study period, acute complications were treated and nutritional rehabilitation by WHO feeding formulae was done. Demographic details, clinical features, reasons for weight gain and risk factors of mortality were analyzed. A total of 131 children were included. Mean age of children was 22 +/- 18 months. There were 78% marasmic, 4% kwashiorkor and marasmic kwashiorkor 18% children. Resolution of edema took 8 +/- 4 days, dermatosis cleared in 11 +/- 3 days. Mean hospital stay was 10 +/- 8 days. Case fatality rate was 13%. Mean weight gain was 5.25 +/- 4.57 g/kg/day. Weight gain of > 5 gm/kg/day was associated with hospital stay of more than 7 days, acceptability and palatability of feed by the children and mothers and early clearance of infections. Implementation of WHO feeding guidelines resulted in adequate weight gain of inpatient malnourished children, however, adequate healthcare services are available at the therapeutic feeding centers
RESUMO
Malaria is a major killer. The problem is heightened by reports of resistance to chloroquine. Rational use of antimalanal is necessary A patient who presented with drug resistance is reported here