Propiedades inmunológicas y mitogénicas de productos derivados de Minthostachys verticillata sobre linfocitos de niños alérgicos con infección viral / Immunological and mitogenis properties of Minthostachys verticillata derivates products on lymphocytes from allergic children with viral infection

Antecedentes. La decocción y el aceite esencial de Minthostachys verticillata han demostrado efectos antimicrobianos sobre el género Staphylococcus y propiedad antiherpéticas. Objetivos. Determinar la capacidad inmunogénica de la decocción vegetal en inmunizaciones experimentales. Investigar la capacidad proliferativa de linfocitos estimulados con derivados de M. verticillata. Evaluar los efectos de la dococción sobre el mitógeno pokeweed (PWM). Detectar y cuantificar LT CD8+ y LB en células proliferadas provenientes de niños alérgicos con infección VHS-1. Materiales y métodos. Se inmunizaron 2 conejos con la decocción. Se evaluaron los anticuerpos por precipitación y hemaglutinación pasiva. Se estudió la proliferación de linfocitos de 25 pacientes de 2 a 14 años, 15 alérgicos con lesiones de Herpes Simplex Tipo 1 (VHS-1) y 10 controles. Las células fueron estimuladas con a) decocción, b) aceite esencial, c) PWM, d) decocción + PWM, e) control. Se caracterizaron y cuantificaron LT CD8+ y LB por IFD. Resultados. La decocción indujo la síntesis de anticuerpos no precipitantes y hemaglutinantes de glóbulos rojos de carnero. Los linfocitos de los pacientes con VHS-1 mostraron niveles linfoproliferativos más elevados(p<0,01). La decocción y el aceite mostraron efectos mitogénicos similares a PWM. El agregado simultáneo de decocción y PWM redujo la proliferación alcamzada por cada uno (p<0,001) tanto en infectados como en controles. Entre células proliferadas se caracterizaron LT CD8+ y LB. Conclusión. La decocción fue inmunogénica, los anticuerpos tuvieron características de coprecipitantes. Los derivados de M. verticillata mostraron propiedades mitogénicas similares a PWM. La decocción inhibió los efectos de PWM

Determinación de la actividad antibacteriana y antiviral del aceite esencial de Minthostachys verticillata (Griseb. ) Epling / Determination of the antibacterial and antiviral activity of the essential oil from Minthostachys verticillata (Griseb. ) Epling

The in vitro antiviral activity of the essential oil from Minthostachys verticillata was investigated against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and pseudorabies virus (PrV). The viral inhibition was assayed employing viral plaque reduction assay. The antiviral activity of the essential oil specifically affects PrV and HSV-1 multiplication, since it was found that non toxic effects on cells were observed at the concentrations assayed. The therapeutic index values were 10.0 and 9.5 for HSV-1 and PrV, respectively. The antibacterial activity was studied using a diffusion assay and the broth tube dilution method. Gram-positive bacteria were more sensitive to inhibition by plant essential oil than the gram-negative bacteria. The essential oil of M. verticillata was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) technique. Of the six components identified in the volatile oil, pulegone (44.56) and menthone (39.51) were the major constituents. The antimicrobial activity can be explained to some extent by the presence of pulegone. Results suggest that further investigations concerning the isolation of the substance responsible for the antimicrobial activity and an effort to define the mechanisms of action are warranted.

Efecto de budesonide en rinitis alérgica / Effects by budesonide in allergic rhinitis

Se evaluó mediante estudio doble ciego la eficacia de Budesonide, glucocorticoide no halogenado en pacientes con rinitis alérgica aguda estacional e hipersensibilidad a ácaros domésticos, pólenes, polvo de cereales, hongos aerógenos y soja. Se estudiaron 56 paientes de ambos sexos, 36 niños y 20 adultos, provenientes de poblaciones cerealeras: Gral. Deheza, Sampacho, Moldes y Río Cuarto. El diagnóstico de terreno alérgico se realizó por historia clínica, examen de mucosa nasal, dosaje de IgE sérica total y estudio de exudado nasal seriado, por técnica de Hansel. El diagnóstico de los alergenos involucrados se realizó por pruebas cutáneas y de degranulación de basófilos. Antes y después de la administración de la droga se estableció una escala de 0 a 6 puntos para evaluación de los síntomas; un punto por presencia de cada síntoma: rinorrea, prurito nasal, estornudos, obstrucción nasal, alteraciones de la olfación y otros (conjuntivitis, cefaleas, palidez de mucosas y/o dolor). Se administró el producto A 26 niños y 10 adultos. Los pacientes que recibieron Budesonide tanto niños como adultos, mostraron mejoría respecto al grupo placebo (p<0,01) y respecto de la evaluación previa al tratamiento (p<0,01). Los trastornos en la olfación mejoraron en los grupos con Budesonide: 22 niños: 84,62 por ciento y 8 adultos: 80 por ciento y en ninguno de los que recibieron placebo. En los grupos que emplearon el glucocorticoide disminuyeron todos los síntomas con diferencias estadísticamente muy significativas tanto en los grupos antes vs después como al compararlos con los grupos correspondientes que recibieron placebo. El producto aplicado en tópico intranasal, estaría indicado con posibilidades de efectos benéficos en el tratamiento de rinitis alérgica tanto en niños como en adultos

Infección experimental de cerdas preñadas con virus de la enfermedad de Aujeszky cepa RC/79 / [Experimental infection of pregnant gilts with Aujeszky’s disease virus strain RC/79]

The RC/79 strain of the Aujeszky’s disease virus was able to induce reproductive failure of pregnant gilts intranasally inoculated at different gestation periods. Four gilts 40-46 days pregnant (group A) and 6 gilts 70-73 days pregnant (group B) were instilled with 0.2 ml x 10(5) tissue culture infectious dose 50 (TCID50/0.2 ml) of the RC/79 strain into each nostril. Two gilts 70-73 days pregnant (group C) were used as non exposed controls. The three groups were kept in separated boxes and they were observed for clinical signs of infections and samples were collected for determination of viral shedding every day. Viral isolation was attempted in Vero cells (figure 1). From the 2nd to 7th day after inoculation, groups A and B showed fever anorexia, sneezing, coughing and depression; and viral isolation from nasal swabs was possible in 7 gilts at days 4 to 11, 9 gilts developed neutralizing antibodies. The virus caused fetal reabsorption in swine during the first period of pregnancy (group A), while infection during late pregnancy resulted in still birth or normal pigs and one mummification (group B). The entire a live litter was composed of no more than 8 suckling pigs in both groups. At necropsy virus from turbinates, ovary , placenta, spleen and lung could be isolated only from 3 gilts (group B, table 1). In 5 of 35 stillbirth and alive fetuses virus could be isolated from spleen (100

) and brain (40

) indicating that the virus has the ability to cross the placental barrier thus producing lesions in porcine fetuses and causing reproductive failure in sows (table 2). Tissue specimens from these 35 fetuses were fixed in 10

formalin, included in paraffin sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. In 13 fetuses microscopic lesions i.e. necrotic foci were found in lung (60

) and spleen (20

), these alterations were coincident with gross lesions in most of them. Inclusion bodies were absent. The gilts organs did not present gross lesions.

Infección experimental de cerdas preñadas con virus de la enfermedad de Aujeszky cepa RC/79 / [Experimental infection of pregnant gilts with Aujeszky’s disease virus strain RC/79]

The RC/79 strain of the Aujeszky’s disease virus was able to induce reproductive failure of pregnant gilts intranasally inoculated at different gestation periods. Four gilts 40-46 days pregnant (group A) and 6 gilts 70-73 days pregnant (group B) were instilled with 0.2 ml x 10(5) tissue culture infectious dose 50 (TCID50/0.2 ml) of the RC/79 strain into each nostril. Two gilts 70-73 days pregnant (group C) were used as non exposed controls. The three groups were kept in separated boxes and they were observed for clinical signs of infections and samples were collected for determination of viral shedding every day. Viral isolation was attempted in Vero cells (figure 1). From the 2nd to 7th day after inoculation, groups A and B showed fever anorexia, sneezing, coughing and depression; and viral isolation from nasal swabs was possible in 7 gilts at days 4 to 11, 9 gilts developed neutralizing antibodies. The virus caused fetal reabsorption in swine during the first period of pregnancy (group A), while infection during late pregnancy resulted in still birth or normal pigs and one mummification (group B). The entire a live litter was composed of no more than 8 suckling pigs in both groups. At necropsy virus from turbinates, ovary , placenta, spleen and lung could be isolated only from 3 gilts (group B, table 1). In 5 of 35 stillbirth and alive fetuses virus could be isolated from spleen (100

) and brain (40

) indicating that the virus has the ability to cross the placental barrier thus producing lesions in porcine fetuses and causing reproductive failure in sows (table 2). Tissue specimens from these 35 fetuses were fixed in 10

formalin, included in paraffin sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. In 13 fetuses microscopic lesions i.e. necrotic foci were found in lung (60

) and spleen (20

), these alterations were coincident with gross lesions in most of them. Inclusion bodies were absent. The gilts organs did not present gross lesions.