RESUMO
Background: Acute myocardial Infarction is one of the most common causes of death in developed countries
Objective: To determine the risk factors of acute myocardial infarction and time of attack among patients admitted in cardiology unit
Methodology: Study site: Sheikh Zayed Medical college/ Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan. Study Subjects: 112 cases of acute myocardial infarction admitted in coroary care unti and 162 controls selected from attendants of cases. Study Design: Case Control Study. Study Duration: 1st October 2014 to 30th April 2015. Sample Size: A total of 324 subjects were included in this study,162 cases, having acute myocardial infarction and 162 controls, selected from attendants of patients of the same age group. Patients of acute myocardial infarction of either sex admitted in coronary care unit of Sheikh Zayed Medical College/ Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan. Patients having Liver disease, Renal diseases, Thyroid disease, Valvular Heart Disease, Cardiomyopathies, COPD and neurological disease. Variables included was age, Sex, Socioeconomic status, Education, BMI, Residence [Rural/Urban], Hypertension , Diabetes mellitus, Ischemic heart disease, Hyperlipidemia, Smoking, Time of onset of chest pain and obesity. Data analysis was done by using SPSS version 20. Numerical variables like Age, BMI, Height and Weight were presented as Mean and Standard deviation whereas categorical variables like Sex, Hypertension, Diabetes mellitus, Smoking were presented as percentages. Chi Square test was applied to determine the association of different risk factors with Acute Myocardial Infarction. Ethical approval was sought from Institutional Review Board of the hospital. Informed verbal consent was sought from every study subject before data collection
Results: The risk factors association assessed was; rural residence 78 [58%], [P value=0.01], Retired persons 16 [80%], [P value=0.000], Businessman 22 [69%], [P value=0.000], Hypertension 67 [64%],[P value=0.000] Smoking 70 [64%],[P value=0.000], Family history, Hypercholestrolemia 11 [91%], [P=0.003] and Sedentary life style103 [60%],[P value=0.000]
Conclusion: Our study showed that; rural residence, retired person, businessman, smoking, hypertension, family history hypercholesterolemia, sedentary lifestyle, were significantly associated with acute myocardial infarction. It was noted that 12am-8am was most frequent time of acute Myocardial Infarction episode