The effect of exercise on interferon gamma, body fat and bmi of kidney transplant patients / Efeito do exercício sobre interferon gama, gordura corporal e imc em pacientes com transplante renal / Efecto del ejercicio sobre el interferón gamma y el imc de los pacientes con trasplante de riñón

INTRODUCTION: Poor physical function and obesity are well documented in kidney transplant patients. Significant health benefits result from regular physical activity, many of which are important for kidney transplant patients. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 10-week combined exercises on Interferon Gamma (IFNγ), body fat percentage (BF%) and body mass index (BMI) in kidney transplant patients. METHOD: In a randomized controlled experimental design, 44 kidney transplant patients aged 20-50 years were randomly divided into two groups of exercise (n=23) and control (n=21). The exercise group participated in a cumulative training program for 10 weeks, three days a week, 60­90 minutes per day at 40-65% of predicted maximal heart rate reserve. A 5 ml venous blood sample and anthropometric parameters were taken from the subjects at baseline and after 10 weeks. RESULTS: The exercise group showed an improvement in BF% (from 31.80±5.64 to 28.86 ± 5.82, p =0.001) and BMI (from 26.23 ± 1.81 to 25.45 ± 2.11, p = 0.001), but there was no significant change in the IFNγ level (from 0.06 ± 0.02 to 0.06 ± 0.02, p = 0.829). There was a significant difference between the control and exercise groups for BF% (p = 0.001) and BMI (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: As a take-home message, it should be mentioned that combined exercise intervention is inexpensive and portable and can be performed at home or health centers for kidney transplant patients to reduce their weight and BF%. Evidence Level I; High quality randomized trial with or without statistically significant difference, but with narrow confidence intervals.

INTRODUÇÃO: A função física deficiente e a obesidade são bem documentadas em pacientes com transplante renal. A atividade física regular resulta em benefícios significativos para a saúde, muitos dos quais são importantes para os pacientes com transplante de rim. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os efeitos de 10 semanas de exercícios combinados sobre interferon gama (IFN-γ), percentual de gordura corporal (GC) e índice de massa corporal (IMC) nesses pacientes. MÉTODOS: Em um estudo randomizado experimental controlado, 44 pacientes com transplante renal com idade entre 20 e 50 anos foram divididos em um grupo exercício (n = 23) e um grupo controle (n = 21). O grupo exercício participou em um programa de treinamento cumulativo por 10 semanas, três dias por semana, 60 a 90 minutos por dia, com 40% a 65% da frequência cardíaca de reserva prevista. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue venoso de 5 ml, assim como os parâmetros antropométricos dos indivíduos no início do programa e depois de 10 semanas. RESULTADOS: O grupo exercício apresentou melhora do percentual de GC (31,80 ± 5,64 para 28,86 ± 5,82, p = 0,001) e do IMC (26,23 ± 1,81 para 25,45 ± 2,11, p = 0,001), mas não houve mudança significativa no nível de IFN-γ (0,06 ± 0,02 para 0,06 ± 0,02, p = 0,829). Houve diferença significativa entre os grupos controle e exercício no percentual de GC (p = 0,001) e no IMC (p = 0,001). CONCLUSÃO: A mensagem a ser lembrada é que a intervenção com exercícios combinados é de baixo custo e os aparelhos necessários são portáteis, e pode ser realizada em casa ou em centros de saúde pelos pacientes de transplante renal, visando reduzir o peso e o percentual de GC. Nível de Evidência I; Estudo clínico randomizado de alta qualidade com ou sem diferença estatisticamente significante, mas com intervalos de confiança estreitos.

INTRODUCCIÓN: el bajo funcionamiento físico y la obesidad están bien documentados en pacientes con trasplante de riñón. Los beneficios significativos para la salud son el resultado de la actividad física regular, muchos de los cuales son importantes para los pacientes con trasplante de riñón. OBJETIVO: El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar los efectos de los ejercicios combinados de 10 semanas sobre Interferón-Gamma (IFNγ), porcentaje de grasa corporal (% BF) e índice de masa corporal (IMC) en pacientes con trasplante renal. MÉTODO: en un diseño experimental controlado aleatorio, 44 pacientes con trasplante renal, de 20-50 años, se dividieron aleatoriamente en dos grupos de ejercicio (n = 23) y control (n = 21). El grupo de ejercicio participó en un programa de entrenamiento acumulativo durante 10 semanas, tres días a la semana, 60 a 90 minutos por dia, com 40 a 65% de la reserva máxima prevista para frecuencia cardiaca. Se tomaron 5 ml de muestra de sangre de Venus y parámetros antropométricos de los sujetos en la línea de base al inicio y luego de 10 semanas. RESULTADOS: El grupo de ejercicio mostró una mejora en el porcentaje de BF (de 31,80 ± 5,64 a 28,86 ± 5,82, p = 0,001) y el IMC (de 26,23 ± 1,81 a 25,45 ± 2,11, p = 0,001), pero no hubo un cambio significativo en el nivel de IFNγ (de 0.06 ± 0.02 a 0.06 ± 0.02, p = 0.829). Hubo una diferencia significativa entre el control y los grupos de ejercicio para BF% (p = 0.001) e IMC (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIÓN: como mensaje de inicio se debe mencionar que la intervención combinada con ejercicios es económica y portátil, y puede realizarse en el hogar o en centros de salud para que los pacientes con trasplante de riñón disminuyan su peso y BF%. Nivel de Evidencia I; Estudio clínico aleatorio de alta calidad, con o sin diferencia estadísticamente significativa, pero con intervalos de confianza estrechos.

Circadian biological rhythm of normal deliveries

Uterine contractions are considerably more frequent in night in compare with day. Base on a research out of 39628 recorded contractions, 67% of them happened between 8:00 pm to 8:00 am. Base on this circadian special rhythm of uterine contractions, delivery frequency should more during night. Probably special rhythm of uterine contractions and deliveries are due to oxytocin secretion. Since knowing the exact and precise frequency of deliveries and circadian and yearly delivery rhythm is important in many aspects [proper assigning of personnel and facilities for duty hours, precise determination of circadian delivery rhythm and correlation of various factors such as age of mother, parity, sex and weight of neonate, ...] this research has been designed. For this purpose, for doing the research, we choose Zeinabiyeh Hospital which is the main Obs. and Gyn. Hospital in Shiraz and all present information were gathered and collected regarding normal delivery in 1998 which included 3868 cases of normal delivery. In total of deliveries 51.4% of cases were boy and 48.6% of cases were girl [ratio of boy to girl was 106:100]. Mean weight of babies in this research was 3117 +/- 599 gram and mean age of mothers was 23.9 +/- 6.1 years. In 45% of cases, mother was primiparous. In 1% of total deliveries, twin and in 0.1% of cases were triple reports. Birth percentage in different seasons of year did not show any special differences but frequent deliveries were reported between 1:00 am to 8:00 am which was significantly more than 8:00 am to 4:00 pm and 4:00 pm to 24:00 [p < 0.00001]. The peak of deliveries was at 3:00 am. Variants such as age of mother, parity, sex and weight of mother did not have any correlation with circadian rhythm. In this research it has been shown that circadian rhythm of normal deliveries has high frequency between1:00 am to 8:00am [39%]. Base on results of this research and similar researches done over frequency of delivery contractions, it is necessary to design precise researches to determine correlation of circadian rhythm of delivery contractions and body hormones [especially oxytocin]