RESUMO
Soft tissues analysis in Orthodontics, not only plays important role to assess facial esthetics, rather it is also one of the crucial steps in determining the stability and success of treatment outcome. This cross sectional study was carried out in sample of local Karachi population with esthetically pleasing faces having Class I skeletal base with fully erupted permanent teeth and no history of previous orthodontic treatment. Cephalometric soft tissue analysis was done using the Nasolabial angle, E-Line and S-Line for 91 subjects [68 females and 23 males] who met the inclusion criterion. Mean value ofnasolabial angle was found to be 101.6° +/- 14.5°. Upper and lower lip prominence in accordance to E-Line was 2.91+/-2.45mm and1.25 +/- 2.67mm respectively. Upper and lower lips were found to be slightly protrusive with reference to the norms of E-Plane proposed by Rickets. The anteroposterior position of upper and lower lip in relation to S-Line was 0.0+/- 2.5 mm and- 0.71 +/- 2.5 mm respectively. Both the lips were found to lie close to the norms of S-Line proposed by Steiner's. Thickness of soft tissues varies from one patient to other, which is one of the major factors in determining the profile of patients. This study was conducted in a sample of Karachi population and these results do not necessarily exhibit the trend of entire Pakistani population as soft tissue thickness varies in different ethnic groups
RESUMO
Objective: the present study was conducted to assess lipid and lipoprotein levels in opium [50 subjects] and heroin-addicted men [50 subjects] against non-opium and non-heroin addicted men [25 healthy individuals] as control subjects from Punjabi population
Material and Methods: the biochemical estimations: total lipids, total lipids, TC, TGs, HDL, LDL, VLDL and Chylomicron levels were carried out on fully automatic clinical chemistry analyzer on 12hour fasting blood samples. The variables for each group were presented as means+/- standard deviations. Results were considered statistically significant if p
Results: our study concluded that the cholesterol, triglyceride and Very Low Density Lipoprotein levels were higher in opium addicts than heroin addicts. Total lipid levels were decreased significantly in heroin addicts as compared to control subjects. However, no significant difference in High Density Lipoprotein and Chylomicron levels was noted in heroin and opium addicts in comparison to controls
Conclusion: it may therefore be suggested that opium addicts are at higher risk to develop atherosclerosis leading to ischemic heart disease than heroin addicts
RESUMO
Objective: to evaluate the impact of pesticides on renal function tests in collaboration with liver function tests among workers of pesticide formulation and packing plants in Pakistan
Material and Methods: one hundred workers, 20-50 years of age, working at different pesticide formulation and packing units for at least one year were included in this study. One hundred healthy age and sex matched industrial workers were taken as controls. Renal function tests i.e. blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine and liver function tests i.e. alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, gamma glut amyl transferase, total bilirubin, and direct bilirubin, were performed. Screening for hepatitis Band C virus was also done to confirm that all the samples included in current study were negative for Hepatitis Band C virus
Results: in current study, mean blood urea nitrogen value for 100 control subjects was 8.37 mg/di while that of 100 pesticide industrial workers was 12. 70 mg/di. Mean serum creatinine value of 100 controls was 0.65 mg/di and that of patient population were 0.98 mg/di. These results revealed that all the hundred pesticide industrial workers had normal blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels but on the higher side as compared to control subjects. P value was significantly high. The results of liver function tests in serum samples of control subjects were within normal range. Liver function tests of 80 pesticides industrial workers out of 100 were within normal range whereas 20 workers had abnormally raised levels
Conclusion: pesticide exposure among workers of pesticide plants might cause liver toxicity
RESUMO
Age related cataract is the leading cause of blindness in the world today and cataract extraction is the most often performed surgery. If a practical large scale intervention could slow the onset of cataract by ten years, the need for cataract surgery would be reduced by 45%. The causes of cataract are multiple, with nutrition playing a definite role. The usually high concentration of zinc in the ocular tissue, along with zinc deficiency being an established cause of Age Related Macular Degeneration, has led to an increasing interest in this trace element's potential role in Age related cataractogenesis. This study was conducted in The University of Health Sciences in collaboration with The Institute of Ophthalmology, Mayo Hospital, Lahore and The University of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Lahore. The sample size was 50 patients with senile cataract. Serum of 35 age and sex matched controls were taken. These patients were undergoing trabeculectomy for glaucoma. Zinc levels were measured in the serum, by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results supported the hypothesis that zinc deficiency could be one of the factors responsible for the development of senile cataract. Significant difference was observed in serum zinc levels of patients and controls [P < 0.001] showing that the patient serum zinc levels [0.896 +/- 0.202 vs. 0.478 + 0.278.] are significantly lower than the serum zinc levels of controls