Clear title makes clear result

No abstract available.

Elaborate study design leads to improved conclusion / 대한마취과학회지

No abstract available.

Macroaggregates in the packed red blood cell unit during transfusion / 대한마취과학회지

No abstract available.

Possible statistical problems of the original paper titled "Predictors of difficult intubation": a bad start / 대한마취과학회지

No abstract available.

The effect of induced hypotension on the perioperative bleeding and transfusion in the bipolar hemiarthroplasty of hip: retrospective study for four years / 대한마취과학회지

No abstract available.

Thermal burn injury associated with a forced-air warming device / 대한마취과학회지

No abstract available.

Prolonged effect of nicardipine used for deliberate hypotension in scoliosis surgery: A case report

Postoperative respiratory complications following scoliosis surgery are high incidence. In this case, fifty year-old male patient was admitted for thoracolumbar screw fixations and developed postoperative pulmonary edema. This was most likely due to prolonged administration of nicardipine, which over time may inadvertently cause hypotension. As a result of volume overload, interstitial pulmonary edema and pleural effusion occurred. Moreover, pulmonary edema and pleural effusion appeared on the right side first and spread to the left. This phenomenon could be explained by the positioning of scoliosis patient. The cause of pulmonary edema was volume overload initiated by prolonged effect of nicardipine.

The Change of Bispectral Index in Endotracheal Intubation with Propofol and Remifentanil without Muscle Relaxant

BACKGROUND: There have been conflicting reports about the effect of muscle relaxant to bispectral index during propofol anesthesia. The purpose of this study was to investigate the change of bispectral index (BIS) in endotracheal intubation with propofol and remifentanil without muscle relaxant and to compare with those in endotracheal intubation with muscle relaxant. METHODS: Forty-eight ASA physical status I or II patients were randomly allocated to 2 groups. Each patient were anesthetized with propofol at target effect site concentration of 4.0microg/ml with remifentanil 3.0microg/kg. Saline was injected in Group S and rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg was injected in Group R. Intubation was attempted, and the BIS, intubating condition, mean arterial pressure and heart rate were observed up to 5 minutes after intubation. RESULTS: BIS was elevated after intubation in Group S. BIS after intubation in group S were significantly higher than group R. BIS after injection of rocuronium in group R was significantly decreased. There were no significant differences in hemodynamic datas in two groups. Intubation condition was acceptable in all patients. CONCLUSIONS: The BIS in endotracheal intubation with propofol and remifentanil without muscle relaxantI can be higher than in endotracheal intubation with muscle relaxant.

The Use of a Continuous Interscalene Brachial Plexus Block for Pain Control following Shoulder Surgery / 대한마취과학회지

BACKGROUND: Pain following shoulder surgery is usually severe and difficult to control using conventional postoperative pain control maneuvers. Therefore, we investigated the pain control efficacy, PONV (postoperative nausea vomiting) and complications by the use of a continuous brachial plexus block in patients who had undergone shoulder surgery. METHODS: Thirty three shoulder surgery patients were enrolled in this study. According to the Borgeat's modified lateral technique, 30 ml of 0.37% ropivacaine were injected into the patients, which was followed by insertion of a continuous brachial plexus catheter into the plexus sheath. The operation was then conducted under general anesthesia, and postoperative pain was evaluated in the recovery room 12, 24, 36, and 48 hr after surgery. In addition, nausea and vomiting was calculated using the visual analogue scale (VAS) and sedation was evaluated using the modified Ramsay score. A total of 400 ml of 0.2% Ropivacaine was administered at a rate of 8 ml/hr to control the postoperative pain for 2 days. In addition, other neurological complications were investigated, and the catheter tips were cultured after they were removed to determine if any infection had occurred. RESULTS: The postoperative pain scores were below 2 on the 10 cm VAS, and the level of nausea and vomiting was also satisfactorily (< 2/10 cm VAS). In addition, the mean sedation score of the patients in the recovery room was 2. There were complications including motor weakness (24%), dyspnea (15%), Hornor's syndrome (9%), postauricular numbness (9%) and metallic taste (3%), however, there were no patients who complained of neurological symptoms after one month of follow-up, and no signs of infection were found when the results of catheter tip cultures were evaluated. CONCLUSIONS: The use of a continuous interscalene brachial plexus block is a feasible method of postoperative pain control for patients who undergo major shoulder surgery.

Motor Paresis Caused by Herpes Zoster in Patients with Rotator Cuff Tear: A report cases / 대한통증학회지

Segmental zoster paresis is characterized by focal, asymmetric motor weakness in the myotome corresponding to the dermatome of the rash. A 73-year-old man, who presented with severe right shoulder pain and shoulder girdle muscle weakness, was diagnosed with segmental zoster paresis involvement of the C5 C6 motor roots as a complication of herpes zoster. Girdle muscles (supraspinatus, deltoid and infraspinatus) atrophy had developed in his right shoulder. An MRI showed rotator cuff tearing in his right shoulder; therefore, an arthroscopic rotator cuff repair was performed. Herein, this case is presented to emphasize the importance of considering post-herpetic segmental motor paresis in the differential diagnosis of acute painful motor weakness of the upper extremities.

Bronchospasm during the Maintenance of General Anesthesia: A case report / 대한마취과학회지

Although a bronchospastic attack is common during the induction and emergence of general anesthesia, it is quite rare during maintenance of it. We experienced a severe case of a bronchospasm in a male patient during the maintenance of general anesthesia. His past medical history indicated no risk factors for the bronchospasm except for heavy smoking. He suffered from poor ventilation, hypercarbia and a pneumothorax that occurred abruptly, 2 hours after inducing general anesthesia. Ten hours later, he recovered his normal respiratory function without any respiratory complication. This case highlights the possibility of a bronchospasm during the maintenance of general anesthesia.

Epidural Abscess after Percutaneous Vertebroplasty: A case report / 대한통증학회지

Although the incidence of epidural abscess is rare, once it occurs, its high morbidity rate and high mortality rate create a great deal of serious sequalae for these patient, if this condition is not diagnosed in time. We experienced a case of epidural abscess after performing percutaneous vertebroplasty in a patient who had a lumbar spinal compression fracture. This case will remind the pain clinician of the possibility of epidural abscess after such a procedure.

A Comparison of the Effects of Propofol and Sevoflurane Anesthesias on Intraocular Pressure during Laparoscopic Hysterectomy / 대한마취과학회지

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic surgery in the Trendelenburg position affects the cardiopulmonary system and may also influence intraocular pressure (IOP). The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of propofol and sevoflurane anesthesias on IOP change during laparoscopic hysterectomy. METHODS: Thirty-one women were randomly allocated to either a propofol (P-group, n = 15) intravenous anesthesia group or a sevoflurane (S-group, n = 16) inhaled anesthesia group with fentanyl-N2O/O2-vecuronium. Heart rate, mean arterial pressure, plateau airway pressure, ETCO2, and IOP were measured before induction (T1), 10 min after induction (T2), 10 min after pneumoperitoneum in the Trendelenburg position (T3), and 5 min after pneumoperitoneum deflation in the horizontal position (T4). RESULTS: IOP was significantly decreased in both groups after induction. IOP was increased in both groups after pneumoperitoneum in the Trendelenburg position, but IOP in the sevoflurane group was significantly higher than that in the propofol group. CONCLUSIONS: Propofol intravenenous anesthesia may be a better choice for IOP control during laparoscopic surgery.

The Influence of Lidocaine on the Onset of Rocuronium-induced Neuromuscular Block in Rapid-sequence Tracheal Intubation / 대한마취과학회지

BACKGROUND: Most local anesthetics decrease neuromuscular transmission and potentiate the neuromuscular blocks of muscle relaxants. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of lidocaine on it effects rocuronium onset and intubation conditions in rapid-sequence intubation and to compare with those of succinylcholine. METHODS: Seventy five ASA physical status 1 and 2 patients were randomly allocated to three groups. Group S received succinylcholine (1.0 mg/kg), Group R received rocuronium (0.6 mg/kg) and additional lidocaine (1.5 mg/kg) was given intravenously prior to the administration of rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg in Group RL. Anesthesia was induced with midazolam 0.03 mg/kg, fentanyl 2microgram/kg, and thiopental 5 mg/kg. Intubation was performed 60 seconds after the administration of muscle relaxants and intubation conditions were evaluated. Neuromuscular blockades were assessed by single twitch responses of the adductor pollicis after ulnar nerve stimulation by accelerography (0.1 Hz, 0.2 ms supramaximal stimuli). RESULTS: The onset time of Group S (47.8+/-11.3) was shorter than those of Group R (87.8+/-30.2) and Group RL (75.4+/-21.5), but no differences was observed between the onset times of Group R and Group RL. Intubation conditions were good or excellent in all groups. CONCLUSIONS: Additional lidocaine to rocuronium neither influences intubation condition nor accelerate the rocuronium onset, and it is cannot be viewed as an alternative for succinylcholine in rapid-sequence tracheal intubation.

Pulmonary Thromboembolism during Femur Surgery under General Anesthesia -A case report- / 대한마취과학회지

Although perioperative pulmonary thromboembolisms (PTEs) are not rare, most anesthetists are unfamilar with the condition. We experience a case, which showed a sudden capnographic score drop, increased pumonary arterial pressure, and a D-shaped right ventricle by echocardiography in a femur surgery patient under general anesthesia. The case described provides an example of PTE and should remind anesthetists of the clinical course and treatment of this condition.

The Effects of Esmolol on BIS, Patient Movement, and Hemodynamic Changes during General Anesthesia with Propofol / 대한마취과학회지

BACKGROUND: Lidocaine, alpha, beta-adrenergic blocker, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, and various other analgesics have been used for blocking awakening, movements, and hemodynamic instability during general anesthesia. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of esmolol to attenuate the cardiovascular, motor, and central nervous system responses to nociceptive stimulation, such as intubation, during general anesthesia. METHODS: Forty randomly selected patients participated in this study either as a control (n = 20) or as a study (n = 20) group, respectively. As soon as patients lost consciousness, at a propofol effect-site concentration of 4 microgram /ml, a touniquet was applied to one arm and inflated to 150 mmHg higher than the systolic pressure, and then vecuronium (1 mg/kg) was injected. Simultaneously esmolol (1 mg/kg + 250 microgram /kg/min) or normal saline were injected in the study and control groups respectively. Four minutes after starting esmolol, orotracheal intubation was administered. We monitered the BP, HR, BIS and gross movement during the study. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were observed in mean BP, HR, and BIS between the two groups during esmolol injection. CONCLUSIONS: Esmolol can reduce anesthetic requirements during general anesthesia with propofol.

Comparison of the Activities of NF-kappa B and I kappa B alpha in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis / 대한정형외과연구학회지

PURPOSE: The nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) has been known to regulate the inflammatory and immune process by transcription of inflammatory intermediates. The purpose of the present study is to show the difference in activity of NF-kappa B and its inhibitory factor-I kappa B alpha in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and normal control subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Synovial membrane samples were obtained at the time of orthopedic surgery from the knees of 7 patients with RA and 7 patients with OA. Two control samples were obtained from an amputee with no history of arthritis. We designed the primer of the subunit p65 of NF-kappa B and I kappa B alpha, measured the activity of them by RT-PCR, and analyzed the expression of NF-kappa B by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: From the results of RT-PCR, the expression levels of NF-kappa B was found to be higher in synovial tissues obtained from patients with RA than from synovial tissue obtained from patients with OA, and the least from the control group. The expression levels of I kappa B alpha were not different statistically among the three groups. Immunohistochemical staining for the NF-kappa B was dominant in synovial tissue from patients with RA. The result of immunohistochemical staining was similar to the results of RT-PCR for NF-kappa B. The localization of the staining was predominantly nuclear. CONCLUSION: In this study, activity of NF-kappa B of rheumatoid arthritis was higher than the other group, but expressions of I kappa B alpha were no different between the diseases. Further studies about specific inhibitors of NF-kappa B will benefit the development of rheumatoid arthritis regimens with greater efficacy.

A Comparison of the Incidence of Hypotension During Unilateral vs Conventional Spinal Anesthesia with Hyperbaric Bupivacaine / 대한마취과학회지

BACKGROUND: Hypotension is the most frequent side effect of spinal anesthesia. Unilateral spinal anesthesia may be advantageous because it reduce the extent of spinal block. The aim of this study was to compare the incidence of hypotension and the difference of heart rate between unilateral and conventional bilateral spinal anesthesia. METHODS: Seventy patients were randomly allocated into two groups, which both received 2.0 ml (10 mg) of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine. In group 1, local anesthetic was injected for two minutes with the needle orifice turned toward the dependent side; the lateral position was maintained for 20 minutes (unilateral, n = 35). In group 2, local anesthetic was injected through a cranially directed needle orifice, then patients were immediately turned supine (conventional, n = 35). Observers recorded noninvasive hemodynamic variables, as well as loss of cold and touch sensation and motor block on both side. RESULTS: In the unilateral group, 16 patients (45.7%) showed a unilateral loss of cold sensation and 23 patients (65.7%) had no motor block on the nondependent side for the duration of the study, whereas all conventional patients had bilateral distribution of spinal block (P < 0.001). The incidence of hypotension was higher in the conventional (22.9%) than unilateral group (5.7%) (P < 0.01). Considering the mean changes from baseline values of arterial blood pressure, patients of the conventional group showed greater decreases in systolic arterial blood pressure at 40, 50, 60, and 70 min (P < 0.05). Maximum percentage changes from baseline values of systolic arterial blood pressure and heart rate were greater in the conventional group (-17.8 +/- 9.8% and -19.7 +/- 10.4%) than in unilateral group (-14.6 +/- 5.5% and -16.9 +/- 11.2%). CONCLUSIONS: Unilateral spinal anesthesia reduces the incidence of hypotension during spinal anesthesia.

Accidental Subdural Block during Epidural Anesthesia: A case report / 대한마취과학회지

Despite the high incidence of subdural block (SDB) during epidural anesthesia, the condition is unfamiliar to anesthesiologist. We experienced a case of SDB: severe hypotension, transient hemiplegia, wide extent of block and late onset and recovery from block. The case described is an examples of SDB and should remind anesthesiologist of the clinical course and treatment.

Effects of Lidocaine and Airway Epithelium on Tension in the Rat Tracheal Smooth Muscle / 대한마취과학회지

BACKGROUND: Lidocaine is often administered intravenously to suppress airway reflexes associated with tracheal intubation or tracheal suction. In addition, lidocaine is known to have airway relaxant effects through a direct relaxant mechanism on the smooth muscle. The presence of airway epithelium has been reported to reduce the sensitivity and maximum contractile response to histamine or acetylcholine(ACh). The purpose of this study was to determine whether the cumulative application of lidocaine may cause a concentration-dependent relaxation of the rat tracheal smooth muscle strips with intact or rubbed epithelium. METHODS: Using the rat tracheal smooth muscle strips, the effects of 10 6~3 10 3M of lidocaine pretreatment on isometric tension induced by 40 mM of K+ or 10 5M of ACh in presence or absence of adherent epithelium, and the influences of 10 6M of propranolol, 10 4M of L-NAME and 10 6M of atropine on relaxing response of lidocaine were studied. RESULTS: The tracheal smooth muscle concentration induced by K+ and ACh was similar magnitude both in presence or absence of adherent epithelium. The removal of epithelium did not affect the relaxant effect of lidocaine on the K+ and ACh-induced tracheal smooth muscle contraction. Lidocaine pretreatment reduced Ca2+-dependent contraction of the rat tracheal smooth muscle. Following pretreatment of the tracheal smooth muscle preparations respectively with propranolol, L-NAME and atropine the relaxing responses to lidocaine of tracheal smooth muscle were not depressed. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the effect of the epithelium on lidocaine-induced relaxation of the tracheal smooth muscle is not significant and lidocaine may directly relax tracheal smooth muscle by the influences on the Ca2+ mobilization.