Synthesis and evaluation of multi-wall carbon nanotube-paclitaxel complex as an anti-cancer agent

Aim: The aim of this study was to design multi-walled carbon nanotubes [MWCNTs] loaded with paclitaxel [PTX] anti-cancer drug and investigate its anti-cancerous efficacy of human gastric cancer

Background: Carbon nanotubes [CNTs] represent a novel nano-materials applied in various fields such as drug delivery due to their unique chemical properties and high drug loading

Patients and Methods: In this study, multi-walled carbon nanotubes [MWCNTs] pre-functionalized covalently with a paclitaxel [PTX] as an anti-cancer drug and evaluated by different analyses including, scanning electron microscope [SEM], particle size analyzer and cellular analyses

Results: A well conjugated of anti-cancer drug on the carbon nanotube surfaces was shown. This study demonstrates that the MWCN-PTX complex is a potentially useful system for delivery of anti-cancer drugs. The flow cytometry, CFU and MTT assay results have disclosed that MWCNT/PTXs might promote apoptosis in MKN-45 gastric adenocarcinoma cell line

Conclusion: According to results, our simple method can be designed a candidate material for chemotherapy. It has presented a few bio-related applications including, their successful use as a nano-carriers for drug transport

Association between ELF and RF electromagnetic field and Leukemia

Extremely low frequency [ELF] electromagnetic field [ELF-EMFs] are extensively employed in electrical appliances and different equipment such as TV sets, ELF-EMFs can affect biological systems by intensifying generation ROS. The changed balance between ROS generation and elimination plays a important role in a diversity of pathologic conditions. ROS levels have been observed in some hematopoietic malignancies including acute and chronic myeloid leukemia. ELF-EMFs exposure significantly reduced Nitric oxide synthase [iNOS] protein expression Lower levels of NO have been proved to exert a protective role in leukemic and melanoma cells and to prevent effector caspases by S-nitrosylation. Also ELF-EMFs can reduction melatonin production by effects on N-acetyltransferase. Melatonin is an antioxidant, impressive in protecting DNA. Transmitters emitting radio frequency electromagnetic fields [RF-EMFs] are generally not located in residential areas but some epidemiology studies showed correlation distance transmitters from residential area and leukemia

Positive correlation between ELF and RFelectromagnetic fieldon cancer risk

Extremely low frequency [ELF] and Radio frequency [RF] electromagnetic field may affect biological systems by raising generation free radicals by decline activities of glutathione peroxidase dismutase or increase in the lifetime of free radicals with inhibited pretreatment of cells antioxidant like that alpha tocopherol. ELF and RF electromagnetic field maycan damaged DNA with raising level hydroxyl radicals in cells and it is can interact DNA and form mainly 8-hydroxy-2?-deoxyguanosine[ 8-OHdG] adducts. Many study showed Electromagnetic field radiation[EMF] can change gene expression and conformation of protein. It may declineexpression of some genes such as superoxide dismutase orraise expressionof certain genes such as Hsps [heat shock proteins]. ELF and RFelectromagnetic field can effects on homeostasis Ca[2+] and alteration in important cellular and molecular processes such as differentiation, proliferation, gene expression, cytoskeletal reorganization and metabolism. Use of radio frequency electromagneticfield onsatellite jamming in Iran and some country may can harmful to human health and it could be a risk factor for cancer

study of "dihydropyrimidinase related proteins [DRPs]" expression changes influence in malignant astrocytoma brain tumor

Dihydropyrimidinase Related Proteins [DRPs] have known homologous to the Collapsing Response Mediator Proteins [CRMPs]. The DRP gene family has comprised four members, DRP 1, 2, 3, and 4, all out of which have considered to be involved in axonal outgrowth and path-finding. The protein has extracted from tumor, normal brain tissues, and then the protein purity has evaluated by Bradford test and spectrophotometric methods. In this study, proteins has separated by Two-Dimensional Gel [2DG] electrophoresis method and then spots have analyzed and compared using statistical data and specific software [Progenesis Same Spots].Spots have identified by pH isoelectric, molecular weights and data banks. The 2D gel has shown 800 spots totally. Two spots have reported for DRP2, and one spot has reported for DRP3 in the human brain proteome, that have differed in pH isoelectric, and Molecular Weights values. This protein family has involved in neuronal differentiation and axonal guidance, and abundantly influenced in the developing brain, but their expression persisted into adulthood. DRP2 has regulated by phosphorylation, Glycogen synthase kinase 3, regulate phosphorylation of DRP2 an inactive from, and induced neuronal polarity

Cluster and principal component analysis of human glioblastoma multiforme [GBM] tumor proteome

Glioblastoma Multiforme [GBM] or grade IV astrocytoma is the most common and lethal adult malignant brain tumor. Several of the molecular alterations detected in gliomas may have diagnostic and/or prognostic implications. Proteomics has been widely applied in various areas of science, ranging from the deciphering of molecular pathogen nests of discuses. In this study proteins were extracted from the tumor and normal brain tissues and then the protein purity was evaluated by Bradford test and spectrophotometry. In this study, proteins were separated by 2-Dimensional Gel [2DG] electrophoresis method and the spots were then analyzed and compared using statistical data and specific software. Protein clustering analysis was performed on the list of proteins deemed significantly altered in glioblastoma tumors [t-test and one-way ANOVA; P< 0.05]. The 2D gel showed totally 876 spots. We reported, 172 spots were exhibited differently in expression level [fold > 2] for glioblastoma. On each analytical 2D gel, an average of 876 spots was observed. In this study, 188 spots exhibited up regulation of expression level, whereas the remaining 232 spots were decreased in glioblastoma tumor relative to normal tissue. Results demonstrate that functional clustering [up and down regulated] and Principal Component Analysis [PCA] has considerable merits in aiding the interpretation of proteomic data. 2D gel electrophoresis is the core of proteomics which permitted the separation of thousands of proteins. High resolution 2DE can resolve up to 5,000 proteins simultaneously. Using cluster analysis, we can also form groups of related variables, similar to what is practiced in factor analysis

Trends in Persian medicinal terminology a progressing field of interdisciplinary research

Conceptualization for new findings is the main aim of science and technology development. Sometimes new concepts are pathfinders for science and starting fundamental revolutions in science. An important area in scientology or scientific studies is the concept and term field, so terminology and its effect on science and technology is one of the most important subjects in the last decade. Standardization in scientific terms [scientific term selection] is one of the strongest terminology methods. These methods break down the terms to their meaningful parts or use prevalent terms, which are common among people or use eponyms and abbreviation processes, and finds the appropriate equivalent for them. The word parts are prefixes, suffixes and stems. In medical sciences, terms are mostly originated from Latin stems, so this method could be extremely efficient in these fields. The terminology committee of Persian Academy studied the highly frequent prefixes, suffixes and stems to help the standardization of terminology in medical sciences. This research introduces methods of term selection, some approved terms and their Persian equivalents. Term selection for medical terms is not an obligatory rule, but is a proposal for meeting the researchers need to strength Persian language as a scientific language