Content analysis of Islamic Republic of Iran television food advertising related to oral health: appeals and performance methods

Today, electronic mass media such as television [TV], influence behavioral patterns of their audiences. This study aimed to evaluate what messages on food advertisements related to oral health were transmitted [appeals] and how they were transferred [performance methods and artistic techniques] in Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting [IRIB]. In this cross sectional study, broadcasted advertisements on 4 important channels of Iran TV were recorded for a week from 8 am to 12 pm in 2012. The content and volume of food advertisements were investigated using a researcher-made check list. Advertisement group [food, non-food], food group [non-cariogenic, cariogenic], advertisement appeals [rational, emotional, and humor content], advertisement performance methods [hard-sell, soft-sell, presenting confirmation of Ministry of Health and Medical Education], and artistic technique were assessed. For variable comparison in groups a chi squared test and t-tests were used via SPSS software. Frequency of food advertisements [14.9%] were less than non-food advertising. Non-cariogenic food advertisements had higher frequency [12.09%] compared to cariogenic food [2.8%]. Rational appeal in advertising of non-cariogenic food had the most frequency [64.9%]. In contrast emotional appeal for cariogenic food was used more frequently [85.5%]. For cariogenic foods, a soft-sell approach was used more frequently [95.5%]. The most common artistic technique used in food advertising was music. Chemical and mechanical dental plaque control materials had a very low frequency [0.2%]. Advertising of cariogenic foods in Iran TV has low frequency

Evaluation of cytological alterations of oral mucosa in smokers and waterpipe users

Oral mucosal epithelia of smokers and waterpipe users are more susceptible to malignant alterations. The aim of this study was morphometric evaluation of the effects of using waterpipe on normal oral mucosa. In a cross sectional study, cytologic smear samples from the following three different areas: buccal mucosa, lateral surface of the tongue, and floor of the mouth [right] were taken from 40 smokers, 40 waterpipe users, and 40 normal individuals. They were then stained using Papanicolaou staining technique. Quantitative cytologic alterations such as nuclear and cytoplasmic size, nuclear-cytoplasmic [N/C] ratio, Feret ratio [FR], percent of karriorhexis, vacuolization of cytoplasm, two or multilobed nuclei, inflammation, and candida were evaluated. Quantitative evaluation was performed using Motic Plus 2 software, and 50 cells in each slide were studied. Practitioners were matched with age and sex in three groups An increase in nuclear size, the N/C ratio, and F. R, while a decrease in cytoplasm size were observed in lateral surface of the tongue, buccal mucosa and floor of the mouth of smokers, waterpipe users and normal individuals, respectively [p

Histomorphometric comparative evaluation of blood vessels and their distribution pattern in follicular cyst, odontogenic keratocyst and ameloblastoma

Ameloblastoma is a benign epithelial odontogenic tumor that exhibits a more aggressive behavior than odontogenic keratocyst and follicular cyst. The purpose of this study was to determine and evaluate histomorphometric characteristics and blood vessels pattern adjacent to and far from odontogenic epithelium on the clinical behavior of the above odontogenic lesions with immunohistochemistry and morphometry method. In this descriptive-cross-sectional study, 45 paraffin blocks of mentioned lesions were selected and marked immunohistochemically with CD34. From three HPFs [High Power Fields] in each slide which had more density of blood vessels in adjacent to and far from odontogenic epithelium, photography was done by a camera joined to a microscope with 40 times magnification. Through the software Motic plus 2, the internal and external diameters, section surface and thickness were determined. Also the blood vessel pattern was determined in the mentioned lesions and was compared through ANOVA, f-test and Multiple Comparison Test. The external and internal diameters and sectional surface in the regions far from the odontogenic ephithelium in ameloblastoma was greater than keratocyst [P<0.001] and dentigerous cysts [P=0.001]] but there was no significant statistical differences seen in the thickness of blood vessels in the regions far from the odontogenic ephithelium in three lesions [P=0.05]. Significant statistical difference was not seen in external [P=0.8] and internal [P=0.8] diameters, sectional [P=0.6] surface and blood vessels thickness in the adjacent regions of odontogeni ephithelium in these three lesions. The pattern of blood vessels in ameloblastoma was circumferential and in the keratocyst and follicular cyst, it was directional. It seems that morphometric characteristics of blood vessels [internal and external diameters, sectional surface] in areas far from odontogenic ephithelium and the type of blood vessels pattern affects clinical aggressive behavior of ameloblastoma more than keratocyst and follicular cyst

[Evaluation of mast cell and blood vessel density in inflammatory periapical lesions]

Radicular cystsand periapical granulomas are the most common periapical inflammatory lesions. However, the role of cellular immunity and microvessels in their pathogenesis remains unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mast cell density [MCD], mircovessel density [MVD] and investigating the correlation between their densities with each other in the above mentioned lesions. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 40 paraffin blocks of mentioned lesions were selected from achieves of School of Dentistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences. Three sections were prepared from each block and stained by hematoxylin-eosin, toluidine blue, and immunohistochemically for CD34 to determine the score of inflammation, presence of mast cells and degranulatedmast cells [DMCs], and MVD, respectively. The correlation between MCD and either inflammatory infiltrate or MVD was evaluated. Data analyzed by t student, Mann-Whitney and Spearman test. Mast cells were present in all periapical inflammatory lesions; 15.4 +/- 14.8 for MCD, 7.2 +/- 6.1 for DMCs, and the ratio of DMCs to total number of MCs was 0.354 +/- 0.166 and 14.8+4.44 for blood vessel density in radicular cyst and 8.52 +/- 6.75, 2.91 +/- 2.1, 0.196 +/- 0.194 and 13 +/- 8.02 in periapical granulomas, respectively. There was a positive correlation between MCD and MVD in radicular cyst [P=0.03, r=0.341], but not in periapical granulomas [P=0.6, r=0.124]. MCD and MVD increased with the score of inflammation in radicular cyst [P=0.001, r=0.7] and periapical granuloma [P=0.012, r=0.54]. Mast cells and microvessels play a role in pathogenesis of periapical inflammatory lesions. In this study, the density of mast cells and DMCs in radicular cyst was higher than periapical granulomas, but no difference was observed regarding MVD in periapical inflammatory lesions. It seems that the relationship between MCD and MVD is different based on the clinical stage of periapical inflammatory lesions.

[Comparison of calcium,phosphor,total protein and antioxidant levels during pregnancy]

Background and Aim: Hurmonal changes during pregnancy can change many organs of the body such as oral cavity and saliva . The purpose of this study was to compare of calcium, phosphor and total protein and antioxidant levels of pre-pregnancy and each trimester of pregnancy

Materials and Methods: 30 women referring for consultation with gynecologist were selected for this semi-experimental study. Their whole unstimulated saliva was collected at that session and at every trimester. The salivary composition mentioned above was measured by spectrophotometry. Data was analysed by repeated measure test and and paired t-test

Results: There was significant difference in phosphor, protein , total antioxidant level of saliva in pre-pregnancy and during pregnancy [p<0/01],[p= 0/01] respectively. There was no significant difference in salivary calcium rate of pre-pregnancy and during pregnancy .[p=0/08]

Conclusion: During pregnancy the rate of salivary phosphor and total antioxidant was increased. Protein level was decreased but calcium level was not changed

Central giant cell granuloma: a potential endodontic misdiagnosis

Central Giant Cell Granulomas [CGCGs] may manifest as radiolucencies anywhere in the mandible or maxilla. In rare cases, it can appear as a localized periradicular area and mimic an endodontic lesion. This case report presents an uncommon location of CGCG which was not accurately diagnosed nor timely treated. Periodic follow ups of periapical radiolucencies after RCT are necessary. Dentists should include CGCG in differential diagnosis of lesions that are refractory to endodontic treatment