Relation between visfatin, insulin resistance and androgen levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome with and without clinical hyperandrogenism running title: visfatin and polycystic ovary syndrome

Background: Polycyhc ovary syndrome PCOS is the most common cause of infertility due to anovulation. PCOS patients are at a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Controversial results were reported regarding levels of visfatin among PCOS patients

Objectives: the aim of the present study was to investigate serum visfatin, testosterone and insulin resistance and the association between these parameters in PCOS patients with and without clinical hyperandrogenism

Subjects and Methods: A total of forty PCOS patients and twenty age BMI-matched overweight healthy control subjects were enrolled in this study. PCOS patients were further divided according to the presence or the absence of clinical hyperandrogenism. Serum visfatin, testosterone, insulin and glucose were measured and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR] was calculated

Results: PCOS patients had higher levels of visfatin, testosterone and HOMA-IR compared with the controls. Positive correlation was seen between insulin and testosterone in PCOS patients. PCOS patients with clinical hyperandrogenism had relatively higher levels of visfatin, testosterone and HOMA-IR compared with those without clinical hyperandrogenism. Furthermore, serum visfatin positively correlated with serum insulin and testosterone in PCOS patients with clinical hyperandrogenism, but not in those without clinical hvperandrogenism

Conclusion: There are strong relationships between visfatin and hyperinsulinemia, and hyperandrogenism. Further investigation is needed to elucidate the molecular mechanism behind these relationships

Translation; test for validity and reliability of the Arabic version of the edinburgh post-natal depression scale [EPDS].

Background: The Edinburgh Post-natal Depression Scale [EPDS] is a widely used instrument to measure post-natal depression. This study aimed to translate and to test the reliability and validity of the EPDS in Assiut city, Egypt, for ante-partum women

Methods: The English language version of the EPDS was translated into Arabic language and was used in this study. The questionnaire was administered to a consecutive sample of 391 pregnant women during 6[th]-32[nd] week at two points in time 15 days apart. Statistical analysis was performed to test the reliability and validity of the EPDS

Results: In general, the Arabic version of the EPDS was found to be acceptable to almost all women. Pearson correlation [to test reliability] was ranged between 3815* to 8485**. Alfa Cornbach coefficient found to be 8229**. Coefficient of mid-term retail was found to be 93**. The coefficient of internal consistency was ranged between 4573** to 7965** with significant P-Value

Conclusion: This validation and reliability study of the Arabic version of the EPDS proved that it is an acceptable, reliable and valid test of post-partum and also ante-partum depression