Ultrasound Guided Fascia Iliaca Compartment Block Using Either Bupivacaine Or Bupivacaine With Dexmedetomidine For Postoperative Analgesia In Patients With Femur Fractures.

Background: Femur fractures are extremely painful due to the lowest pain threshold of the periosteum among the deep somatic structures. Perioperative Fascia Iliaca Compartment Block (FICB), when administered using a local anesthetic agent, bupivacaine, can reduce morbidity by providing satisfactory pain relief. Dexmedetomidine, an alpha-2 agonist, is known to prolong the local anesthetic effects without causing any significant side effects. We compared analgesic duration of ultrasound guided FICB with bupivacaine alone and bupivacaine with dexmedetomidine for postoperative analgesia. A prospective, randomized, double blinded study was conducted on 50 patientsMaterials And Method: aged 18 to 65 years undergoing femur fracture surgeries. Patients were divided into 2 groups of 25 each. Both groups received USG guided FICB. Group A received 28 ml 0.25% bupivacaine and 2 ml normal saline (NS). Group B received 28 ml 0.25% bupivacaine and 30 mcg dexmedetomidine in NS. Pain scores were assessed every 5 minutes until 15 minutes post FICB, during positioning for subarachnoid block and every 2 hours until 24 hours post-operatively. Total duration of analgesia, cumulative analgesia requested in 24 hours, Ramsay sedation and patient satisfaction scores were recorded. Results: The mean duration of analgesia in Group A was 419.4 ± 115.35 minutes (95%CI: 374.2 – 464.6) and in Group B was 656.6 ± 137.99 minutes (95%CI: 602.5 –710.7), p <0.001. Mean VAS score during positioning for SAB in Group A was 1.60 ± 0.50 and in Group B was 0.96 ± 0.68. USG guided FICB with dexmedetomidine is superior inConclusion: providing prolonged post-operative analgesia in comparison to bupivacaine alone

Clinical Profile and Short-Term Outcome of Children with Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection During the First and Second Waves of the Pandemic

Objectives To compare the clinical profle and short-term outcome of children admitted with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection during the frst and second waves of the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). Methods This retrospective study was conducted in a tertiary care setting. A retrospective medical record review of all pediatric patients admitted with confrmed SARS-CoV-2 infection between March 2020 and September 2021 was conducted. Patients’ demographic data, pre-existing comorbidities, mode of presentation, and clinical course in the hospital were noted. The outcome measures were in-hospital mortality, need for intensive care, and invasive mechanical ventilation, duration of ICU, and hospital stay. Results One thousand and twenty-four children were recruited, 592 of the frst wave and 432 of the second wave. In the second wave, more children were admitted with respiratory distress (OR=3.38) and neurological manifestations (OR=4.61). There was a higher requirement of intensive care (OR=4.2) and invasive mechanical ventilation (OR=4.17). In-hospital mortality of the second wave was also increased (1.4% vs. 0.1%), but the diference was not statistically signifcant. Children with neurological comorbidities (OR=8.73), malnutrition (OR=3.01), and preterm babies (OR=6.8) were associated with severe COVID. Conclusion The clinical profle of the second wave of COVID-19 in children was diferent from the frst wave, with more respiratory distress and neurological manifestations at presentation. In the second wave, a signifcant increase in the incidence of severe infections requiring ICU care was observed.

Automatic segmentation and quantified analysis of meibomian glands from infrared images

Purpose: An algorithm for automated segmentation of meibomian glands from infrared images obtained using a novel prototype infrared hand?held imager has been proposed in this study. Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is quantified in terms of five clinically relevant metrics. A comparison of these metrics in patients with MGD has been presented against a sample of the normative healthy population. Methods: This is a prospective cross?sectional observational study. Patients presenting to the clinics were enrolled after written informed consent. The everted eyelids of 200 eyes of patients (of which 100 were healthy and 100 were diagnosed with MGD) were imaged using a prototype hand?held camera. The proposed algorithm was used to process the images using enhancement techniques and the glands were automatically segmented. A comparison of glands of normal eyes versus MGD?affected eyes is performed using five metrics presented in this study: (i) drop?out, (ii) length, (iii) width, (iv) the number of glands, and (v) the number of tortuous glands. Results: The 95% confidence interval for the metrics did not show any overlap between the two groups. In MGD patients, the drop?out ratio was higher than normal. The length and number of glands were significantly lesser than normal. A number of tortuous glands were more in the MGD group. The metrics for MGD versus healthy and cut?off ranges were computed in the results. Conclusion: The prototype infrared hand?held meibographer and the proposed automatic algorithm for gland segmentation and quantification are effective aids in MGD diagnosis. We present a set of five metrics, which are clinically relevant for guiding clinicians in the diagnosis of MGD

THE IMMEDIATE EFFECT OF TRATAKA ON EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS AMONG ADULTS

Background: There is evidence to suggest that lack of physical activity, a common experience among adults, can negatively impact executive functions such as attention, memory, and decision making. Trataka can improve eye deformity, executive ability, willpower, and relaxation. Trataka may also have a protective effect on the brain, reducing inflammation and the risk of neurodegenerative diseases. The immediate effect of Trataka on executive Aim of the study: Material & methods: function among adults. Forthy healthy Adults to observe the immediate effects of thirty minute trataka regimen for one day. Participants were recruited through convenient sampling and were between the ages of 18-40. The study used a single group pre-post design. After single trataka session Results: showed that 11.59% significant increase (P< 0.05) in total attempted score on DLST. Similarly, there was 11.48% significant increase (P = 0.05). and there was 16.6% increase in (P> 0.05) in wrong attempt scores. After single trataka session it showed that 22.48% significant increase (P< 0.01) in total attempted score on SLCT. Similarly, there was 22.71% significant increase (P = 0.01) in NS. However, there was 70.58% reduction in wrong attempt score which was highly significant (P = 0.001). the available evi Conclusion: dence suggests that the practice of single session trataka has a positive on executive function among adults.

MICROBIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF EXPLANT CULTURES FROM INFECTED AND NON–INFECTED SURGICAL PATIENTS AND CORRELATION WITH SURGICAL SITE INFECTION

INTRODUCTION Surgical site infections (SSI) are one of the terrifying nosocomial infections that affecting surgical patients and cause a compromise to the quality of health care provided in the hospital. Nearly 5% of people who undergo surgeries might develop SSI, which can have serious consequences and even be deadly. To identify the microbiological profile of explant AIM: culture from suture materials and its correlation in development of SSI in the same patient. Infected and non-infected METHODOLOGY: suture materials that were removed aseptically from the patients were collected and transported to the Microbiology laboratory in sterile BHI broth.With the isolated colonies obtained. Identification was performed by standard microbiological technique and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done. The culture reports of the swab collected from the pus/ exudate from the surgical site and the suture were compared. This was a prospective cross sectional study for a duration of 6 months. A sum of 190 isolates RESULTS: were obtained from 182 suture samples. 156(86%) suture materials had growth [monomicrobial (70%) polymicrobial growth (16%)] while 26(14%) had no growth. 7 different suture materials were employed in this study. Isolated organisms were gram positive bacilli (n=20), gram positive cocci (n=82), gram negative bacilli (n=87) and fungi (n=1). Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=19) and CONS (n=71) were commonly isolated gram negative organisms. The least common organism grown colonizing the suture material was Klebsiella oxytoca, Citrobacter species, Candida species, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus species (n=1, 0.5%). Isolates like Escherichia coli (n=5), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=2) and Acinetobacter species, Staphylococcus aureus (n=1) were found to have multiple drug resistance in the suture thread culture. SSI was seen eight cases (4.3%) and in two of them, the microorganism isolated from the surgical site and suture material was identical. Out of 190 isolates in this study, 96 DISCUSSION isolates (CONS-71, Streptococcus-4, Diphtheriods-2, Aerobic spore bearers-18, Candida-1) were members of normal flora of the skin which shows 50.5% of the suture materials were colonized by normal flora. The current study shows that ability of bacteria to adhere varies between different suture materials. Overall, the adhesion of bacteria to 3-0 Ethilon (10.4%) was found to be lower compared to 3-0 vicryl No 1,3 Prolene, 2-0 Ethilon and Silk. Suture thread must be taken out as soon as possible since opportunistic infections could result from the skin's regular flora.

Metabolic Bone Disease in Children With Transfusion-Dependent Thalassemia

Objective: This study aimed to detect metabolic bone disease and endocrinopathies in a cohort of patients with transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT). Methods: This prospective study was conducted between March 2020 - August 2021. Children with TDT older than 5 years, receiving regular blood transfusion, underwent comprehensive endocrine and metabolic bone disease evaluation, which included screening for short stature, delayed puberty, diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, adrenal insufficiency and hypoparathyroidism. Children older than 10 years also underwent. X-ray of thoracolumbar spine, and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanning. Results: Out of 37 patients (19 males), with mean (SD) age 15 (6) years, hypogonadism was the commonest endocrine deficiency seen in 15 (62%), followed by short stature, abnormal glucose metabolism, subclinical adrenal insufficiency, hypothyroidism, and hypoparathyroidism. Vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency was seen in 12 (60%) and hypocalcemia in 2 patients. Low bone mass was seen in 8, and osteoporosis, as evidenced by vertebral fractures, in 4 patients. Of the four patients with vertebral fracture, three were aged ?18 years, one was symptomatic, two each had grade 1 and grade 2 fractures, one had multiple vertebral fractures, and all four had hypogonadism and multiple endocrine deficiencies. Conclusion: Vertebral fractures occur even in the second decade among patients with TDT, and are often associated with endocrinopathies, most commonly hypogonadism. Early screening and prevention of vertebral fractures is necessary.

Glandular Odontogenic Cyst Mimicking Dentigerous Cyst: A Rare Case Report

Background: Glandular odontogenic cyst is an uncommon developmental cyst of odontogenic origin. Till now, around 200 cases have been reported in the English literature, out of which approximately 25 of them are associated with an unerupted tooth. Herein we present a case report of a 7-year-old boy with swelling in the anterior maxillary region which was later diag- nosed as a Glandular odontogenic cyst that mimicked a Dentigerous cyst. Case presentation: A painless swelling was noted in the anterior palatal region. Orthopantamogram was advised which re- vealed a unilocular radiolucency associated with an impacted supernumerary tooth. Provisional diagnosis of Dentigerous cyst was made. The cyst was enucleated in conjunction with peripheral osteotomy. The histopathological examination revealed a cystic capsule with non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium with 2-4 cell layer thickness, with some areas showing epithelial plaque, microcysts, hobnail cells and few clear cells. Contemplating all the histological features, final diagnosis of Glandular odontogenic cyst was given. Conclusions: The presented case emphasizes the importance of histopathological examination of the unusual and rarely ob- served Glandular odontogenic cyst which can be missed due to similarities with other entities. Recurrence rates being very high, follow up of the cases is imperative.

An Attempt to Decode Female Sexuality in the Heritage of Kamashastra Through Ayurveda - A Mystery

Ayurveda being a most ancient system of medicine has given a proper deserving position to women that is Stree, defining her as Apathyanam Moolam (the root cause of progeny). In Synch with this Kamashastra has portrayed women with esteem. Thus, stating the importance of female’s reproductive role in procreating and sustenance of human rays. Female sexual identity and conduct, as well as the physiological, psychological, social, cultural, political, and spiritual or religious components of sexual activity, all fall under the umbrella of human female sexuality, which covers a wide range of behavior activities. This sexuality is encountered and revealed through thoughts, desire, belief, fantasy, and relationship. The pursuit of sexual pleasure is a key motivating factor in sexual activity. Classical texts of Kamashastra have captured this sexual pleasure and portrayed them with impeccable accuracy in both genders providing an ample sexual motivation for sexual activity. This sexual activity is considered to attain fruition when the partner reaches the epitome of orgasm, among these partners we have given more importance to the female as she is a being of multiple sexual orgasms. Hence the main aim of this article is to understand and analyze the female sexual orgasm, and different approaches to attain it. Thus, an attempt is made to decode the mystery of female sexuality in the heritage of Kamasutra through Ayurveda.

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF YOGA MODULE FOR OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA

Background: Sleep is an essential component of human life because it provides for relaxation and recovery from the stresses of everyday living. Reduced sleep quantity or quality leads to sleep deprivation which may offer indirect dangers by affecting cognitive and physical performance and raising the chance of motor vehicle and occupational accidents. Insomnia chronic sleep debt snoring sleep apnea circadian rhythm disturbances (including shift work syndrome) RLS parasomnias and uncommon diseases such as narcolepsy are the most common sleep disorders found in sleep clinics according to experts. Obstructive Sleep apnea is a common disorder in which your breathing stops and starts periodically while you sleep. To determine the design and validation of an Integrated Yoga Module (IYM) for OSA patients. The ?rst phase - IYM for OSA - was created based on a survey of classic books and Materials and Procedures: recently available research studies. The designed IYM was validated by 20 subject matter (yoga) experts in the second phase. Lawshe's formula was used to calculate the content-validity ratio (CVR). Yoga practices were created for the OSA Results: Integrated Yoga Module. The ?nal Integrated Yoga Module featured yoga practises with CVR ?0.5 that were assessed by 20 yoga experts and agreed in faculty group discussion. The yoga practices were designed and validated for IYM for Conclusion: OSA. By applying Lawshe's content validity criteria 20 yoga professionals veri?ed the IYM design.

Comparison of efficacy and safety of vildagliptin 50 mg tablet twice daily and vildagliptin 100 mg sustained release once daily tablet on top of metformin in Indian patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized, open label, Phase IV parallel group, clinical trial

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is mainly due to multifactorial of which insulin resistance and deficiency in the incretion are two important pathophysiological factors. Vildagliptin, an oral hypoglycemic agent, acts by inhibiting dipeptidyl peptidase-4 enzyme, often uses as a first line drug along with metformin to enhance outcome. Aim and Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness and safety of vildagliptin 50 mg twice daily dose with vildagliptin 100 mg sustained release tablet (SR) once daily in Type 2 DM patients and uncontrolled with metformin monotherapy. Materials and Methods: Adult patients with Type 2 DM fulfilling the inclusion criteria were randomized in two groups. Group 1 patient received metformin 1000 mg/day in two divided dose and tablet vildagliptin 50 mg 2 times daily, while Group 2 patients received metformin 1000 mg/day in two divided dose along with vildagliptin 100 mg SR once daily. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), postprandial plasma glucose (PPPG), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), were measured at baseline, on week 4, week 8, and week 12 visits. Liver function test (SGOT), SGPT, Serum Bilirubin), kidney function test electrolytes, serum urea, serum creatinine), and body weight also measured in first visit and in 12th week. Results: HbA1C, FPG, and PPPG all three decreased equally at 12 week from their respective baseline values (P < 0.05) in both groups. There is no statistically significant alteration of liver enzymes and in serum bilirubin level from baseline to 12th week in both groups. Conclusion: Vildagliptin 100 mg SR once daily dose is equally effective and safe as 50 mg twice daily dose in terms of reducing HbA1C, FPG, and PPPG when it is used along with metformin 1000 mg.

Ischemic Stroke of Brain Management Approach Through Ayurveda - A Single Case Study

Stroke is one among such diseases which needs immediate care and attention as it causes death and disabilities in the person, hence considered as a major burden in developing countries like India. The estimated adjusted prevalence rate of stroke in India ranges from 84-262/1,00,000 in rural and 334-424/1,00,000 in urban areas. The incidence rate is 119-145/1,00,000 based on the recent population-based study. The nearest clinical entity for stroke is Pakshaghata. Methodology: A 51yrs old male patient who is a known case of DM since 6years under regular medication approached to OPD of SKAMCH & RC Bangalore, with a Lakshana of loss of function, sensation, speech etc where mainly right half of the body was affected. Based on the clinical presentation and Ayurvedic parameters, the condition was diagnosed as Pakshaghata with special reference to ischemic stroke with possible multiple lacunar infarcts and Chikitsa was adopted keeping Dhatukshayajanya pathology as base. The treatment such as Sarvanga Abhyanga, Sarvanga Nadi swda, Sarvanga shashtika shali pinda sweda and Basti with oral medications like Suvarna sameerapannaga rasa, Vidaryadi Kashaya, ashtavarga Kashaya, balarishta and Cap. Palsineuron were prescribed. Result: There were drastic improvements seen in the Lakshanas. Overall fruitful result was achieved even follow up were maintained. Discussion: This article is a discussion about a case of ischemic stroke of brain which was successfully treated with Ayurvedic approach. The disease Pakshaghata with its Lakshanas, Nidana, Samprapti, Sampraptivighatana of Chikitsa given, along with the approach to conclude its possible modern co-relation as Ischemic stroke of brain were the main points Sampraptivighatana, chikitsa given, consideration. Conclusion: The above-described sets of Panchakarma treatment along with Shamanoushadhi has shown significant result clinically with speedy recovery within a month in the patient in the present study.

A study to correlate serum pseudocholinesterase and serum creatine phosphokinase levels in acute organophosphorus poisoning with respect to Peradeniyaorganophosphorus poisoning scale

Background: Organophosphorus insecticides are one of the most common causes of poisoning in India. It has a high mortality rate and accounts for a third of suicidal deaths in south-east Asia.Methods: The objectives were to estimate serum pseudocholinesterase and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) levels in organophosphorus poisoning and correlate them with theseverity and prognosis described by the Peradeniya organophosphorus poisoning (POP) scale at initial presentation.This was a cross-sectional study conducted over 18 months. A total of 180 organophosphorus-poisoning subjects were divided into mild, moderate and severe grades based on POP scale at admission. Serum pseudocholinesterase and CPK levels were estimated at admission. The outcome was noted, and the results were statistically analysed.Results:It was found that 112 (62.2%), 51 (28.3%) and 17 (9.4%) patients had mild, moderate and severe poisoning, respectively, according to POP scale. Mean pseudocholinesterase level (units/litre) was 2393.29, 1104.37 and 638.18 and mean serum CPK level (units/litre) was 153.41,344.94 and 280.53 in mild, moderate and severe poisoning, respectively. ICU and ventilator were required for 84 (46.75%) and 72 (40%) patients, respectively. Mortality was 17.8%. Negative, weak and significant correlation was seen between POP score and pseudocholinesterase (r=-0.265, p=0.00). Positive, moderate and significant correlation was seen between POP score and CPK levels (r=0.449, p=0.00).Conclusions: POP scale applied at admission along with serum pseudocholinesterase and CPK levels serve as a simple and effective system to determine early need for ventilation and mortality in rural, peripheral centres in developing nations.

Effect of Mind Sound Resonance Technique (MSRT) on Fatigue level among Type 2 Diabetics

Background: Fatigue represents a common complaint of patients with diabetes as it can be reported in up to 60% of patients, prominent in patients with type 2 diabetes. It is a major health problem, affects approximately 6% of the world's adult population, and is increasing in epidemic proportions. Evidence suggests that MSRT a yoga-based relaxation techniques significantly reduces anxiety, stress, fatigue and psychological distress. The aim of the study wasObjective: to study the effect of MSRT on fatigue levels among type-2 diabetes patients. Materials and Methods: In this interventional study with a pre-post design on 100 type-2 diabetes patients, were taught MSRT. Assessment were carried out on the 1 and 30 day of the program, using FSS, VAFS. Results: Significant reduction in fatigue levels in both FSS and VAFS respectively (p<0.00). Conclusion: This study provides evidence that MSRT practice is an effective, economical and noninvasive method to combat fatigue in diabetes patients.

Cerebro-placental ratio as a prognostic factor of fetal outcome in women with hypertensive disorders complicating pregnancy during third trimester

Background: CPR is emerging as an important predictor of adverse pregnancy outcome and helps in management of high risk pregnancy. Therefore we undertook the study to find the correlation of CPR with perinatal outcomes in women with hypertensive disorder complicating during third trimester.Methods: 128 patients with hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, ≥32 weeks of singleton gestation, were randomly selected during their hospital visit. They were subjected to USG Doppler study to calculate MCA/UA pulsatility index-CPR. The CPR<1 was considered abnormal and >1 as normal. These results were compared with the perinatal outcome and adverse fetal outcome.Results: The present study revealed that the incidence of adverse outcomes like Apgar score <7 (36.5%), still birth (15.9%), NICU admission (69.8%) and LBW i.e. <2500 gm (68.3%) were significantly higher in abnormal CPR than normal CPR.Conclusions: Abnormal CPR is valuable in predicting the outcome of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. CPR is an easy procedure which can be included in the routine antenatal sonographic evaluation to predict poor perinatal outcome and to detect or recognize those fetuses at risk.

Effect of kangaroo mother care in terms of hospital stay among preterm infants in a tertiary health care center

Background: Hypothermia, infections and ineffective breastfeeding are some of the commonest cause of deaths among premature and low birth weight infants. Kangaroo mother care is a well-known intervention to address the issues related to preterm births, such as hypothermia, infection and prolonged hospitalisation.Methods: This study was carried out in a tertiary care centre in Bengaluru on all preterm neonates of birth weight less than 2500 grams with stable hemodynamic conditions over a period of 18 months. Gestational age assessed by the new Ballard's score, within 24 hours of life and anthropometry details of the neonate were recorded at 24 hours of life by the single observer. Kangaroo mother care was given for a minimum of one hour at a stretch per day and the effect on the preterm neonate in terms of hospital stay was assessed.Results: Kangaroo mother care has positive effects on the infants growth, neurodevelopmental outcome, reduction in the morbidities associated with preterm infants, and breastfeeding practices in mothers of preterm neonates.Conclusions: The study promotes awareness of KMC on preterm neonates considering all the benefits and positive effects of KMC on the infant as well as baby, and to the family and nation amongst the health care personnel as well as the society.

An Early Year History of Biological Preparation of Silver Nanoparticles in West Bengal and their Antibacterial Activity: A Review

Biologically prepared silver nanoparticles are in trend tobe used as antibacterial agents throughout the globe. Silvernanoparticles prepared from different biological sources havebeen tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli,and other clinical bacteria in West-Bengal also. The size, shapeand activity of the biogenic silver nanoparticles will varydepending upon the biological sources and its concentrationused for nanoparticle preparation. UV-Vis spectrophometry,Dynamic light scattering, FESEM, HRTEM are the techniqueswhich can be used for characterizing silver nanoparticles ofdifferent size and shape. From the history of last decade ofresearch upon silver nanoparticles’ green synthesis and itsantibacterial, antifungal, antilarval as well as anticancer agents,researchers used plant parts, fungus and bacteria as biologicalsources for the reduction of silver ions to silver nanoparticles.Which showed promising activity against different bacterialstrains, either procured from ATCC (American type culturecommittee) or from any clinical sources. When it comes toanalyse the activity of the prepared silver nanoparticles againstmultidrug-resistant (MDR) clinical bacterial strains, there arelesser evidences from West-Bengal. This review will work asa reservoir for biologically prepared silver nanoparticles inWest-Bengal in the last decade and will also help researchersto characterize biogenic silver nanoparticles

A rare case of Kunze-Riehm syndrome in a neonate

The Kunze-Riehm syndrome also called as Michelin tire baby syndrome (MTBS), is a rare genodermatosis, characterized by multiple symmetric circumferential folding of excess skin with the various phenotypic abnormality. The diagnosis is made on the basis of the characteristic clinical features in the literature there are approximately 31 cases reported and to the best of our knowledge, this would be the sixth case published from India. Herein authors report a rare case of Kunze- Riehm syndrome in a neonate.

A randomised control trial comparing the efficacy of cord milking over the delayed cord clamping on serum ferritin level in preterm neonates at 6 weeks of age

Background: Perinatal iron deficiency has received little attention in the past. Umbilical cord milking is a type of placental transfusion, they serve to potentially enhance neonatal blood volume and consequently the iron stores after birth. Among the neonates, the preterm infants are sick and vulnerable babies who are already deprived of iron stores. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cord milking on ferritin values amongst preterm neonates.Methods: This is a hospital based randomized control trial which included the babies born at 29-36 weeks of gestation. The babies were randomized to two intervention groups; cord milking and delayed cord clamping group. Detailed clinical history taken, including details of labour and clinical examination. Blood samples were analysed for ferritin as required at 6 weeks of post-natal age.Results: Neonates under cord milking group had higher ferritin values (249.04'21.93 ng/mL) as compared to those neonates under delayed cord clamping group (179.66'32.94 ng/mL) and this was statistically very significant (p= <0.001).Conclusions: In preterm neonates, umbilical cord milking results in improved iron status as shown by higher ferritin values at 6 weeks of life. UCM can be a used as placental transfusion strategy in preterm neonates for improving iron status and preventing anemia of prematurity.

A study to determine the effect of maternal prepregnancy body mass index on the anthropometric measurements of the newborn

Background: Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI is well established to be a detrimental factor for prenatal development and neonatal anthropometric measures. Objectives of the study was to study the association between maternal pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index (BMI) and the anthropometry of the newborn.Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional, observational study was conducted that included 236 normal newborns and their mothers. A pre-designed questionnaire was used to collect relevant socio-demographic data and obstetric history. Details regarding maternal pre-pregnancy weight was collected from antenatal records at first antenatal visit, maternal height was measured and BMI was calculated. Neonatal anthropometric measurements including birth weight, recumbent length, head circumference, chest circumference and the mid arm circumference was measured.Results: In this study 49.6% of the women were in the age group of 21-25 years, 52.5% of them were multi-gravida and 56.4% had normal vaginal delivery. Among the newborns included in the study 25.8% had low birth weight. We saw a significant positive correlation between BMI and age, BMI and birth weight, BMI and chest circumference that is with increase in BMI there was significant increase in the age, birth weight and chest circumference and vice versa. There was no association between maternal BMI and mid-arm circumference or head circumference of the newborn.Conclusions: Study showed the association between maternal BMI and anthropometry of the newborn especially with respect to the BMI and birth weight, BMI and chest circumference. Thereby, establishing that interventions aimed at improving the nutritional status of the mother have a direct impact on the fetal growth outcomes.

A retrospective study of antimicrobial usage in wound healing

Background: Chronic wounds are responsible for increase in burden to healthcare systems. The evidence concerning effectiveness of antibiotic therapy or optimal regimens is insufficient. Patients with chronic wounds receive significantly more systemic and topical antibiotics. Current guidelines for antibiotic prescribing for such wounds are often based on expert opinion rather than scientific fact. As there is increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance, the relationships between antibiotic resistance and rationales for antibiotic therapy have to be determined. Current practice of antibiotic usage for chronic wounds and postoperative wounds in a tertiary care setting should be studied.Methods: Retrospective study was conducted from February 2017 to February 2018 using medical records of patients with wound admitted in surgical departments in HIMS, Hassan, Karnataka. The inpatient records were analysed, which includes duration of stay in the hospital, number of drugs/products per person, percentage of antibiotics prescribed, percentage of antibiotic injection prescribed, and other modalities used to treat wounds.Results: In present study, amongst 100 antimicrobial prescriptions, 26 females and 74 males. The most commonly prescribed parenteral antibiotic was ceftriaxone (58%), followed by metronidazole (56%). The average number of antibiotics per prescription was 2.8. The mean duration parenteral antibiotics given was 4.26 days during their hospital stay oral antibiotics were 5.18 days after the discharge from the hospital.Conclusions: The information generated shall be used to decide the policies to govern the prescription of antibiotics in the management of chronic wounds and post-operative wounds.