RESUMO
There has been a striking increase in the geriatric population worldwide over the last few decades. As the aging process continues to alter functioning of all body systems, the human voice is also significantly affected. The senile voice is characterized by its changes in pitch, hoarseness, tremulousness, and breathiness with reduced harmonics and intensity. Such phonatory changes in the elderly may hinder effective communication, thus bringing down their confidence levels and impairing their quality of life. These characteristic features that distinguish the senile voice from younger speakers are accompanied by age?related changes in the organ of phonation, the larynx. The summative morphological and structural changes occurring in the elderly larynx have been referred to as “Presbylarynx.” The present review article is an attempt by the authors to explore the various anatomical age-related changes occurring in the larynx that may be responsible for altered vocal function in the elderly. An improved understanding of the anatomical basis of the aged voice can give further directions into the management of vocal disorders and improved speech performance in the elderly.
RESUMO
Knowledge regarding the hepatic vasculature is important for the planning of hepatic surgeries, liver transplantsurgeries and also the gall bladder surgeries. The presence of variation in the hepatic vasculature sometimesmay result in the postoperative complications such as bleeding. In the present case report, there was a coexistenceof left accessory hepatic artery arising from the left gastric artery and the cystic artery arising from the hepaticartery proper. This vascular variation in coexistence is rare to find and is of foremost important for clinicians,surgeons, radiologist, and anatomists