To determine the frequency of modes of delivery in short-statured primigaravidae at term

The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of modes of delivery in short-statured primigaravidae at term. Descriptive cross sectional study. This study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, from Apr 2010 to Mar 2011. 369 primigravidae,15-35 years old with singleton pregnancy, cephalic presentation and with height less than 152 cm were randomized for the study. Pelvic assessment was done clinically in all and radiologically in some cases. Monitoring of labour was done and modes of deliveries were recorded. Mean age and height was 25.57years + 3.22SD and 148.9cm + 2.1SD respectively. Normal vaginal delivery occured in 96[26.02%] while 32[8.67%] patients had instrumental vaginal delivery [13 [3.52%] vacuum and 19 [5.15%] outlet forceps]. Elective and emergency cesarean section was done in 28 [7.59%] and 207[56.09%] patients respectively. Primigravidae with short stature constitutes a high risk group for poor progress in labour. Emergency cesarean section is more common in short statured primigravidae

Correlation between glycated haemoglobin levels and random blood glucose

Glycated haemoglobin or glycosylated haemoglobin [HbA1c] is a form of haemoglobin that is measured primarily to identify the average plasma glucose concentration over prolonged periods of time. Levels of HbA1c represent the average blood glucose levels of diabetic patients over the previous 120 days. The objective of this study was to see the correlation between HbA1c levels and random glucose levels. This descriptive study included 106 randomly selected patients with known diabetes from the outpatients department. Random sugar levels were measured by using venous blood samples. HbA1c levels were measured in venous blood by BIO-RAD D-10 HPLC Method. Data were recorded on a proforma. Pearson's correlation was applied to find out any significant correlation between the glycated haemoglobin levels and the random blood glucose levels. Results were plotted on simple scatter plot and p<0.01 was considered significant. A significant linear positive correlation exists between levels of HbA1c and random blood sugar

Effect of body mass index on serum leptin levels

Background: Leptin is product of ob gene, an adipose tissue derived hormone that plays a key role in the regulation of body fat mass by regulating appetite and metabolism while balancing energy intake and energy expenditure. The objective of the study was to evaluate possible association between serum leptin levels and Body Mass Index [BMI] of gender in adult age group. Methods: Two-hundredseventy subjects aged 20–50 years were randomly selected from general population of Abbottabad. The subjects were grouped on the basis on BMI [89 normal, 92 overweight, and 89 obese]. After complete evaluation, demographic data was recorded and BMI. Non-fasting venous blood samples were drawn to measure serum leptin and serum glucose levels. The data were analysed using SPSS-15 calculating mean, percentage, independent t-test and chi-square test. Correlation and regression curve analysis wer obtained, and p and r values were calculated. Results: Serum leptin levels and differences betwee genders were significant in all body mass indices. For normal BMI group the mean values for leptin were 2.6 +/- 1.5 ?g/ml in men, and 17.3 +/- 10.2 ?g/ml for women. For Group-2 mean leptin levels in men were 9.9 +/- 6.8 ?g/ml and in women were 34.8 +/- 13.6 ?g/ml. For Group-3 BMI comprising obese subject mean values for men were 21.3 +/- 14.2 ?g/ml and for women were 48.21 +/- 21.2 ?g/ml [p<0.001]. Conclusion: A progressive increase in serum leptin concentration was observed with an increase in BMI. Significant difference between leptin concentrations in either gender was found in normal, overweight and obese subjects. Keywords: Serum leptin levels, weight gain, BMI

Frequencies of congenital anomalies among newborns admitted in nursery of Ayub teaching hospital Abbottabad, Pakistan

Congenital anomalies play a significant role in perinatal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. The frequency of these congenital anomalies varies in different populations. Objective of this study was to find out the frequencies of congenital anomalies admitted in nursery of Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad. In this descriptive, cross-sectional study all patients admitted in NICU from October 2009 to January 2010 were included. The patients were examined for major and minor congenital anomalies. The observations were recorded in tabulated form. A total of 2,360 patients were admitted in NICU during the study period. One hundred patients were noted to have congenital anomalies. The most frequent anomalies involved the central nervous system [31%]. Meningomyelocele was the commonest defect [71%, 22 out of 31 cases of CNS defects], among these males were more [77%, 17 out of 22 of meningomyelocele cases] than females [14 out of 31]. These were followed by patients born with congenital heart defects [16%]. Patients with urogenital anomalies [6%] were all male except for one who had ambiguous genitalia. Cases of meningomyelocele were the commonest presenting congenital anomaly. More stress should be laid on the role of peri-conceptional vitamin supplementation like folic acid for the primary prevention of congenital defects