Doppler ultrasound evaluation of cerebral blood flow in anaemia of chronic renal failure

Objective: To determine mean cerebral blood flow in anemia secondary to chronic renal failure by doppler ultrasound and to compare the results with data gathered from healthy control subjects. Study Design: Case control study. Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital, Lahore, from Jan 2011 to Jun 2011

Patients and Methods: A total of 60 subjects were included who were divided into two groups. Group I had 30 patients with anemia due to chronic renal failure while group II consisted of 30 healthy control subjects. Doppler for both groups was performed with a 7.5-MHz transducer of color doppler machine ALOKA SSD-5500 in a dimly lit room with a comfortable temperature [22°C-24°C] after an adaptation period of at least 15 minutes rest, in supine position. The internal carotid and vertebral arteries on both sides were examined in both groups and analyzed

Results: Patients with anemia due to chronic renal failure were found to have increased cerebral blood flow as compared to normal healthy individuals

Conclusion: Cerebral blood flow increases in patients with anemia due to chronic renal failure

Mean Intraocular Pressure in hypertensive adults

To determine the mean Intraocular Pressure [IOP] in already diagnosed adult hypertensive patients with different grades of hypertension. Cross-sectional descriptive study. Con-ibined Military Hospital, Lahore, from March 2012 to Aug 2012. A total of 178 already diagnosed hypertensive patients were selected. A detailed history of ocular or systemic diseases was taken. Intraocular pressure was measured with help of Goldmann applanation tonometer. Three consecutive readings of IOP of each eye were taken at 30 minutes interval and mean calculated. blood pressure was recorded in seated position from right upper arm, by mercury sphygmomanometer. Blood pressure measurements were determined by taking the mean value of three systolic and diastolic readings. The results of intraocular pressure [IOP] between various grades of hypertension were determined. there was an increase in mean IOP with rise in blood pressure. The subjects with grade I hypertension showed a mean IOP of 13.95 +/- 3.74 mmHg, while grade II and grade III hypertensive subjects had mean IOPs as 18.10 +/- 3.32 and 20.21 +/- 2.52 mmHg respectively. A higher value of mean IOP was found with increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressures