Significant association of serum creatinine with HbA1C in impaired glucose tolerant Pakistani subjects

The present study was conducted to assess the serum concentration of creatinine and determine its relationship with potential risk factors of diabetes in Impaired Glucose tolerance subjects. This cross sectional study was conducted on 100 IGT patients who attended Amin Hayat diabetic center in Lahore from January 2011- June 2011. Patients with age group 34-67 years, [both sexes] were included in the study. Different demographic parameters as age, BMI, WHR, B.P, personal history and socioeconomic status were recorded. Oral Glucose Tolerance Test was performed. The biochemical parameters including HbA1c, lipid profile, urea, uric acid, creatinine and bilirubin level were measured by chemistry analyzer. A strong correlation between creatinine and HbA1c was observed. The level of creatinine was also significantly associated with age in IGT subjects. Creatinine is non-significantly correlated with Cholesterol, LDL-Chol and TG while negatively significantly associated with BMI, fasting blood glucose and HDL-Chol. The present study concluded significant association of serum creatinine with HbA1c, BMI and HDL cholesterol

ABO blood group frequency in Ischemic heart disease patients in Pakistani population

To determine if there is any significant association between ABO blood groups and ischemic heart disease [IHD]. The study was performed at Punjab Institute of Cardiology [PIC], Lahore. Study duration was from January 2012 to September 2012. This study included 200 IHD patients and 230 control individuals. Self design questionnaire was used to collect information regarding risk factors. Standard agglutination test was performed to determine the blood groups. Data was analyzed on SPSS 16. The prevalence of blood groups in IHD group was 34% in blood group A, 29% in blood group B, 14% in blood group AB and 23% in blood group 0. In control group the distribution of B, A, AB and 0 blood groups were 34.4%, 20.9%, 12.6%, 32.2% respectively. Rh+ve factor was prevalent in 90.5% among IHD group and 92.6% in control subjects. The prevalence of IHD was more in males [63.5%] as compared to females [36.5%]. Mean age was 56.4 +/- 0.86 [yrs] and BMI was 26.4+/-0.33 [kg/m[2]]. The prevalence of hypertension was 58.5%, diabetes was 53%, family history of cardiac disease was 45%, 35.5% of patients were doing exercise regularly, 58.5% used ghee, and 58% were smokers. Subjects with blood group A had significantly [p< 0.05] higher risk of developing IHD as compare to other blood groups

Study of histological changes in liver, lungs and testes of dermally nicotine treated albino mice

The current study was carried out in order to assess the toxic effects enforced by nicotine on liver, lung, and testes of mice. Experimental study. This study was conducted at the Animal House of Lahore College for Women University Lahore for a period of thirty days. The initial body weights of mice were obtained. A control group consisting of 20 mice injected with saline solution and an experimental group containing 40 mice treated with 1 mg/kg of nicotine subcutaneously were designed. The treatment lasted for 6 weeks after which final body weights were recorded. Later the mice of both groups were slaughtered and their livers, lungs, and testes were taken out and directly preserved in 10% formalin. A considerable decrease of body weight and food intake was evident in the experimental group and so was observed in the organs weight too. The decrease of body weight and food intake was from 36.89 +/- 1.31 to [35.39 +/- 1.25] and [119.41 +/- 5.76] to [115.01 +/- 5.50] respectively. All the three organs also showed a prominent decrease of the weight and resulted in the degeneration and alteration of the histology. Major histological changes in liver were widening and enlargement of sinusoids, necrosis, degeneration of hepatocytes, and fat deposition. Testes had disruptions in the seminiferous tubules and less number of Leydig cells, and experimental lungs showed proliferation of cells, damaged connective tissue network and congestion of lungs. Nicotine administration to the encountered animals reduces the body weight. Decrease in body weight is considered to be due to reduction in food intake. By examining the liver, lungs, and testes affected by nicotine, it can be figured out that nicotine greatly affects the histoarchitecture of the three organs in several ways. For functional integrity of the organs, extreme and direct exposure to such drugs must be prevented

Vitamin d levels among pregnant and lactating women

To assess the serum level of vitamin D in pregnant and lactating women. Case-control study. Gynaecological Unit 1 of Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, from December 2010 to May 2011. A total of 100 women comprised of three groups: pregnant [n = 40], lactating [n = 40] and control [n = 20] groups. The information regarding age, educational level, socioeconomic status, exposure to sunlight and dietary vitamin D intake were collected through self-structured questionnaire. Serum concentration of vitamin D was measured by ELISA and serum calcium and phosphate levels were measured by chemistry analyzer. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS [version 13]. The values were considered significant at 0.05 level of significance. The mean serum vitamin D level in the pregnant and lactating mothers was 26.5 +/- 17.1 nmol/L and 21.4 +/- 16.3 nmol/L respectively and in control group was 33.8 +/- 21.1 nmol/L. The mean calcium level in the pregnant, lactating and control group was 10.3 +/- 1.2 mg/dL, 9.7 +/- 1.3 mg/dL and 9.7 +/- 1.3 mg/dL respectively. The mean phosphate in pregnant was 3.2 +/- 0.76 mg/dl, in lactating was 3.3 +/- 0.76 mg/dl and in control was 3.5 +/- 0.92 mg/dl. Significant difference [p = 0.041 and p = 0.037 respectively] in the serum levels of vitamin D and calcium was observed among the pregnant and lactating women as compared to control group. Low serum vitamin D concentration was observed in lactating women and pregnant women as compared to control group.

Significant high lipid profile in pre-hypertensive subjects as compare to stage 1 and stage 2 of hypertensive subjects

To analyze the differences in lipid profile in various categories of hypertension in our local population. Cross Sectional Study. This study was conducted at Amin Hayat Memorial Trust for diabetes and Hypertension, Lahore and Punjab Institute of Cardiology [PIC], Lahore from Dec. 2005 to May 2007. A total of 510 subjects of either sex were screened during a cross-sectional study. Biochemical assessment includes the determination of TC [Total Cholesterol], LDL-C [Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol], HDL-C [High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol], and TG [Triglycerides], which were measured by using commercially available kits using Hitachi 902 photometer. vLDL and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio was calculated by using formula. Abnormal lipid profile was observed in 59% of the study population. Around 75% of prehypertensive subjects had abnormal lipid profile as compare to stage 1 and stage 2 of hypenension. Beside prevalence significant high levels of TC, LDL-L, and LDL-C/HDL-C were also observed in prehypertensive group. Females had significantly high levels of TC, HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C compared to males. A high prevalence of dyslipidemia was observed in all stages of hypertension; however, prehypertensive group had significant high levels of lipid profile and smoking and family history also predispose to high blood pressure